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30-497: (Redirected from First Born ) [REDACTED] Look up firstborn  or firstling in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Firstborn may also refer to: Firstborn , eldest child born in a family Primogeniture , the firstborn child inherits parents' property Firstborn (Judaism) , bechor in rabbinical Judaism Books [ edit ] First Born (comics) ,

60-505: A consequence of the [one-child] policy [in China] are found to be less trusting, less trustworthy, less likely to take risks, and less competitive than if they had had siblings. They are also less optimistic, less conscientious, and more prone to neuroticism". Furthermore, according to Professor Cameron, it was found that "greater exposure to other children in childhood – for example, frequent interactions with cousins and/or attending childcare –

90-843: A greater degree of reward, and greater likelihood of punishment for falling short. A second analysis by the authors revealed that only-children, children with only one sibling, and first-borns in general score higher on tests of verbal ability than later-borns and children with multiple siblings. A large ( n= 8,689) study found no evidence for the idea that only children are more narcissistic than children with siblings. Toni Falbo & Denise Polit, in their research of only children, gathered 115 studies to address information and evidence for personality, intelligence, adaptability, and relationships with peers and their parents. According to their findings, only-children surpassed all others in each category except for children who were in similar circumstances to them, such as first borns. One of their biggest findings

120-499: A later study failed to find evidence that this continued through middle and high school , a further study showed that deficits persisted until at least the fifth grade. Overall, most findings do not support the negative view of only-children, though there are differences. Only-children have proven through many studies that they are smarter, more autonomous, more well-behaved, and more mature than their peers. In China, perceived behavioral problems in only-children have been called

150-503: A possible cause behind China's increasing number of crimes and gender imbalance . The popular media often posit that it is more difficult for only-children to cooperate in a conventional family environment, as they have no competitors for the attention of their parents and other relatives. It is suggested that confusion arises about the norms of ages and roles and that a similar effect exists in understanding during relationships with other peers and youth, all throughout life. Furthermore, it

180-506: A small percentage of marriages producing just one child until around the mid-20th century, not to mention the then-rare occurrence of divorce. Only-children are sometimes said to be more likely to develop precocious interests (from spending more time with adults) and to feel lonely . Sometimes they compensate for the aloneness by developing a stronger relationship with themselves or developing an active fantasy life that includes imaginary friends . In Western countries, only-children can be

210-981: A supervillain in DC Comics Firstborn (Clarke and Baxter novel) , 2007 novel by Arthur C. Clarke and Stephen Baxter Firstborn (Thompson and Carter novel) , 1991 novel by Paul B. Thompson and Tonya C. Cook Film and television [ edit ] Firstborn (1984 film) , starring Teri Garr and Peter Weller First Born (2007 film) , starring Elisabeth Shur 1st Born , a 2019 American-Iranian comedy film First Born (TV serial) , British TV show, 1988 "Firstborn" ( Star Trek: The Next Generation ) , TV episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation The First Born (1921 film) , starring Sessue Hayakawa The First Born (1928 film) , starring Miles Mander Music [ edit ] First Born (Eyedea & Abilities album) , 2001 First Born (The Plot in You album) , 2011 Topics referred to by

240-408: A variety of reasons, including: personal preference, family planning , financial and emotional or physical health issues, desire to travel, stress in the family, educational advantages, late marriage, stability, focus, time constraints, fears over pregnancy, advanced age, illegitimate birth, infertility , divorce , and death of a sibling or parent. The premature death of one parent also contributed to

270-425: Is also common to have traits that show a strong personality which is capable of leading or acting more mature. This study was related to the U.S presidents when it was discovered that more than half were firstborn, the rest were middle and four were lastborn. After investigating the birth order of the U.S presidents, important leaders were also looked at and showed the same outcome; a large number of every type of leader

300-624: Is believed that many feel that their parents place extra pressure and expectations on the only child, and that often, only-children are perfectionists. Only-children are noted to have a tendency to mature faster. Some psychologists believe in the “only child syndrome," though there is very little evidence to back it up. “Only child syndrome” is the idea that in adulthood, those who have had no siblings are more likely to have less developed social skills and antisocial tendencies that have carried on from childhood. A 1987 quantitative review of 141 studies on 16 different personality traits failed to support

330-482: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages firstborn Alfred Adler (1870–1937), an Austrian psychiatrist , and a contemporary of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung , was one of the first theorists to suggest that birth order influences personality in the late twentieth century and early twenty-first century . He argued that birth order can leave an indelible impression on an individual's style of life, which

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360-702: Is not clear that, as a class, they are overindulged or differ significantly from children with siblings. Susan Newman, a social psychologist at Rutgers University and the author of Parenting an Only Child , says that this is a myth. "People articulate that only children are spoiled, they're aggressive, they're bossy, they're lonely, they're maladjusted", she said. "There have been hundreds and hundreds of research studies that show that only children are no different from their peers." However, differences have been found. Research involving teacher ratings of U.S. children's social and interpersonal skills has scored only-children lower in self-control and interpersonal skills. While

390-416: Is one's habitual way of dealing with the tasks of friendship, love, and work. According to Adler, firstborns are "dethroned" when a second child comes along, and this may have a lasting influence on them. Younger and only children may be pampered and spoiled, which can also affect their later personalities. The first born is often raised with more attention than the following child or children, which causes

420-704: The Korean War ended in 1953, the South Korean government suggested citizens each have one or two children to boost economic prosperity, which resulted in significantly reduced birth rates and a larger number of only-children in the country. From 1980 to 2015, the one-child policy in the People's Republic of China restricted most parents to having only one child, although it was subject to local relaxations and individual circumstances (for instance, when twins were conceived). Families may have an only child for

450-558: The Little Emperor Syndrome , and the lack of siblings has been blamed for a number of social ills such as materialism and crime. However, recent studies do not support these claims, and show no significant differences in personality between only-children and children in larger families. The one-child policy , which ended in 2015, was speculated to be the underlying cause of forced abortions , female infanticide , underreporting of female births, and has been suggested as

480-617: The Confluence Model suggests there is an opposing effect from the benefits to the non-youngest children of tutoring younger siblings, though being tutored does not make up the reduced share of parental resources. This provides one explanation for the poorer performance on tests of ability of only-children compared to first-borns, commonly seen in the literature, though explanations such as the increased and earlier likelihood of experiencing parental separation or loss for last-born and only children have also been suggested, as this may be

510-613: The cause of their very status. In his book Maybe One , the environmental campaigner Bill McKibben argues in favor of a voluntary one-child policy on the grounds of climate change and overpopulation. He reassures the reader with a narrative constructed from interviews with researchers and writers on only-children, combined with snippets from the research literature, that this would not be harmful to child development. He argues that most cultural stereotypes are false, that there are not many differences between only-children and other children, and where there are differences, they are favorable to

540-581: The expectations from the people around them are also factors of the way their character develops. Although firstborns are different genders, there are qualities that surpass the difference due to the child's environment. Studies showed an effect on both personality and IQ of a child when comparing the order of birth. When conducting these studies, parents are interviewed and give examples on the type of personality each child expresses. When examining answers from organized studies, personality and attitude traits are repeated when comparing different children born into

570-418: The first born child to develop certain characteristics. This is because a couple, which decides to have their first child, is inexperienced and new to raising a child which causes them to be extra aware and concerned for the child. The treatment of a parent to a firstborn may cause the child to become jealous or bitter towards the next child or children to come. The way siblings of a firstborn act towards them and

600-450: The first child born to either partner in the couple. The effects of birth order have been repeatedly challenged; the largest multi-study research suggests zero or near-zero effects. Birth-order theory has been asserted to have the characteristics of a "zombie theory". Only child An only child is a person with no siblings , by birth or adoption . Throughout history, only-children were relatively uncommon. From around

630-626: The middle of the 20th century, birth rates and average family sizes fell sharply for a number of reasons, including perceived concerns about human overpopulation and more women having their first child later in life due to birth control and women in the workforce . The proportion of families in the United States with only-children increased during the Great Depression but fell during the Post–World War II baby boom . After

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660-557: The only child. Most research on only-children has been quantitative and focused on the behavior of only-children and on how others, for example teachers, assess that behavior. Bernice Sorensen, in contrast, used qualitative methods in order to elicit meaning and to discover what only-children themselves understand, feel, or sense about their lives that are lived without siblings. Her research showed that during their life span, only children often become more aware of their only-child status and are very much affected by society's stereotype of

690-681: The only-child, whether or not the stereotype is true or false. She argues in her book, Only Child Experience and Adulthood , that growing up in a predominantly sibling society affects only-children and that their lack of sibling relationships can have an important effect on both the way they see themselves and others and how they interact with the world. The latest research by Cameron et al. (2011) controls for endogeneity associated with being only-children. Parents that choose to have only one child could differ systematically in their characteristics from parents who choose to have more than one child. The paper concludes that "those who grew up as only children as

720-477: The opinion, held by theorists including Alfred Adler , that only-children are more likely to be maladjusted due to pampering. The study found no evidence of any greater prevalence of maladjustment in only-children. The only statistically significant difference discovered was that only-children possessed a higher achievement motivation, which Denise Polit and Toni Falbo attributed to their greater share of parental resources, expectations, and scrutiny exposing them to

750-735: The same birth order. These findings have been criticized. In specified cases, the firstborn child that was studied on was observed again as an adult and continued to demonstrate the identical traits as seen when they were a child. When studying famous and historic geniuses in the artistic field, recurrence has demonstrated firstborns to be the children with a creative side as well as being the productive ones. This study also ties together with being an only child. One study indicates that people surround themselves with others associated with their own birth order. "Firstborns are more likely to associate with firstborns, middle-borns with middle-borns, lastborns with lastborns, and only children with only children." It

780-432: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Firstborn . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Firstborn_(disambiguation)&oldid=1228218638 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

810-399: The subject of a stereotype that equates them with "spoiled brats". G. Stanley Hall was one of the first commentators to give only-children a bad reputation when he referred to their situation as "a disease in itself". Even today, only-children are commonly stereotyped as "spoiled, selfish, and bratty". While many only-children receive a lot of attention and resources for their development, it

840-453: Was firstborn rather than last. Birth order, and the role of the firstborn, can become complicated in non-nuclear families , with situations such as parents of one child or set of children separating from each other and entering relationships with other people, and then having children with their new partners. In such instances, the first child born in the new relationship may be considered the firstborn for that couple, even though it may not be

870-611: Was not a substitute for having siblings". In his book Born to Rebel , Frank Sulloway provides evidence that birth order influences the development of the " big five personality traits " (also known as the Five Factor Model). Sulloway suggests that firstborns and only-children are more conscientious, more socially dominant, less agreeable, and less open to new ideas compared to later-borns. However, his conclusions have been challenged by other researchers, who argue that birth order effects are weak and inconsistent. In one of

900-610: Was that the parent-child relationship was positively stronger compared to those children with siblings. Due to this relationship being significantly present in an only child's life, it correlated to developmental outcomes, showing that only-children were not at a developmental disadvantage. According to the Resource Dilution Model, parental resources (e.g. time to read to the child) are important in development. Because these resources are finite, children with many siblings are thought to receive fewer resources. However,

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