The Free Press Summer Festival was an annual two-day music festival held in Houston, Texas at Buffalo Bayou 's Eleanor Tinsley Park .
91-553: Other activities include fireworks, interactive art installations, a paint slide, music workshops, a 30-foot water wall and an off-site after party. The festival was started to emphasize local musical performers, visual arts and artists. A recycling program, carbon offset credits and a partnership with the Texas Campaign for the Environment are implemented to help this festival become a greener experience. The festival
182-611: A much greater potential for global warming than carbon dioxide by volume. It is easy to capture and destroy these pollutants at their source. So they present a large low-cost source of carbon offsets. As a category, HFCs, PFCs, and N 2 O reductions represent 71 percent of offsets issued under the CDM. Since many of these are now banned by an amendment to the Montreal Protocol, they are often no longer eligible for offsets or credits. Land use, land-use change and forestry have
273-602: A day, at 10:00 AM, 12:27 PM, 6:00 PM, and 10:12 PM Central time Mondays through Saturdays. Daily 4 also is drawn 24 times weekly. Sales began on September 30, 2007. Daily 4 is played as in Pick 3, except there are 4 digits. Players can select: Straight (all four digits in exact order), Box (all four digits in any order), Straight/Box (all four digits), Pairs [two of the four digits in exact order, which can be: front pair (first two digits), middle pair (middle digits), or back pair (last two digits)], Combo [which can be: 4-way (three of
364-492: A developed country with relatively high domestic costs of emission reduction would set up a project in another developed country. Offset credits under this program are designated as Emission Reduction Units. The International Emissions Trading program enables countries to trade in the international carbon credit market to cover their shortfall in assigned amount units . Countries with surplus units can sell them to countries that are exceeding their emission targets under Annex B of
455-623: A generation. Soil management projects attempt to preserve or increase the amount of carbon sequestered in soil. Deforestation is particularly significant in Brazil, Indonesia, and parts of Africa, accounting for about 20 percent of greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon offsets allow firms to avoid deforestation by paying directly for forest preservation or providing substitutes for forest-based products. Offset schemes using reforestation, such as REDD, are available in developing countries, and are becoming increasingly available in developed countries including
546-416: A greenhouse gas reduction project in a developing country, where the costs of greenhouse gas reduction activities are usually much lower. The developed country receives credits for meeting its emission reduction targets known as Certified Emission Reductions (CERs), while the developing country receives capital investment and clean technology or beneficial change in land use . Under Joint Implementation ,
637-491: A larger share of this market in the future, compared to renewable energy projects. However, there is evidence that large companies are becoming more reluctant to use VCM offsets and credits because of a complex web of standards, despite an increased focus on net zero emissions goals. In 2022 voluntary carbon market (VCM) prices ranged from $ 8 to $ 30 per tonne of CO 2 e for the most common types of offset projects. Several factors can affect these prices. The costs of developing
728-558: A machine; players choose 6 numbers. The jackpot is paid either in 30 annual payments, or in lump sum (discussed further below). Non-jackpot payments are in lump sum. Each game costs $ 1, the minimum jackpot is $ 5 million, and drawings are held at 10:12 PM Central time on Wednesdays and Saturdays. Lotto Texas expanded with a Monday drawing, started in August 23, 2021. Lotto Texas made the Extra! option available to players on April 14, 2013, with
819-728: A player can win both from the Fireball and from the base play if the Fireball matches one of the digits naturally. In 2003, the Texas Lottery joined the Mega Millions consortium. The current format utilizes one set of 70 white balls, and a second set, of 25 yellow balls (the "Mega Ball".) Players choose six numbers; five white ball numbers, and the "Mega Ball" from the second set. Jackpots are paid in either 30 graduated annual payments, or in cash; see below on jackpot choices. Non-jackpot payments are in lump sum. Each game costs $ 2,
910-403: A project are a significant factor. Those tied to projects that can sequester carbon have recently been selling at a premium compared to other projects such as renewable energy or energy efficiency. Projects that sequester carbon are also called Nature-Based Solutions. Projects with additional social and environmental benefits can command a higher price. This reflects the value of the co-benefits and
1001-556: A reduction, avoidance or removal of one metric tonne of carbon dioxide or its carbon dioxide-equivalent (CO 2 e). A variety of greenhouse gas reduction projects can qualify for offsets and credits depending on the scheme. Some include forestry projects that avoid logging and plant saplings, renewable energy projects such as wind farms , biomass energy , biogas digesters , hydroelectric dams , as well as energy efficiency projects. Further projects include carbon dioxide removal projects, carbon capture and storage projects, and
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#17327836573751092-444: A set of 35 red balls. All payments, including the jackpot, are in lump sum. Each game is $ 1, the minimum jackpot is $ 200,000, and drawings are held at 10:12 PM on Mondays and Thursdays. Overall odds of winning are 1:32.4. Texas Two-Step's jackpot always is paid in lump sum; as such, it is the only Texas Lottery jackpot game not to require players to choose cash or annuity when playing (see below.) Introduced in 2012, All or Nothing
1183-494: A third party verifies the project — generates the carbon offset credit is known as the vintage . In 1977, major amendments to the US Clean Air Act created one of the first tradable emission offset mechanisms, allowing permitted facilities to increase emissions in exchange for paying another company to reduce its emissions of the same pollutant by a greater amount. The 1990 amendments to that same law established
1274-478: A voluntary market. These programs also have other positive externalities , or co-benefits, which include better air quality, increased biodiversity, and water and soil protection; community employment opportunities, energy access, and gender equality; and job creation, education opportunities, and technology transfer. Some certification programs have tools and research products to help quantify these benefits. Prices for offsets and credits vary widely, reflecting
1365-502: Is a carbon trading mechanism that enables entities to compensate for offset greenhouse gas emissions by investing in projects that reduce, avoid, or remove emissions elsewhere. When an entity invests in a carbon offsetting program, it receives carbon credit or offset credit , which account for the net climate benefits that one entity brings to another. After certification by a government or independent certification body, credits can be traded between entities. One carbon credit represents
1456-604: Is a cap on emissions. Sources of emissions have the flexibility to find and apply the lowest-cost methods for reducing pollution. A central authority or government body usually allocates or sells a limited number (a "cap") of permits. These permit a discharge of a specific quantity of a specific pollutant over a set time period. Polluters are required to hold permits in amounts equal to their emissions. Those that want to increase their emissions must buy permits from others willing to sell them. These programs have been applied to greenhouse gases for several reasons. Their warming effects are
1547-581: Is a daily-draw game. Sales for this game (which replaced a similarly named game, Cash 5 ) began on July 29, 2002. On Sept. 23, 2018, Cash Five relaunched with a new matrix, better overall odds of winning and guaranteed prizes, including a $ 25,000 top prize. The first drawing with the new rules in place was on Sept. 24, 2018. The current format utilizes one set of 35 balls; players choose five numbers. All payments are in lump sum. Each game costs $ 1; and drawings are held at 10:12 PM Central time Mondays through Saturdays. Overall odds of winning are 1:7.2 Pick 3
1638-595: Is a diverse range of sources of supply and demand as well as trading frameworks that drive offset and credit markets. Demand for offsets and credits derives from a range of compliance obligations, arising from international agreements, national laws, as well as voluntary commitments that companies and governments have adopted. Voluntary carbon markets usually consist of private entities purchasing carbon offset credits to meet voluntary greenhouse gas reduction commitments. In some cases, non-covered participants in an ETS may purchase credits as an alternative to purchasing offsets in
1729-645: Is a four times daily draw game. It began on October 25, 1993. The current format utilizes three sets of digits 0 through 9. Players choose: exact order (all three digits), any order (two or three digits), exact and any order (two or three digits) and combo (two or three digits; combo two is the same as two exact order plays while combo three is the same as three or six exact order plays). All payments are in lump sum. Exact or any order bets cost $ 0.50 or $ 1; exact and any order for $ 1, combo (two digits cost $ 1.50 or $ 3; three digits cost $ 3 or $ 6). The prizes are guaranteed amounts, and drawings are held four times
1820-415: Is a reduction, avoidance, or removal of emissions to compensate for emissions released elsewhere. One carbon credit represents an emission reduction or removal of one metric tonne of carbon dioxide or the equivalent amount of greenhouse gases that contribute equally to global warming (CO 2 e). Carbon credits are a form of carbon pricing , along with carbon taxes and subsidies. Credits can move among
1911-585: Is also taking place through provincial and district governments and at the local level through private landowners. As of 2020, there were over 400 ongoing REDD+ projects globally. Brazil and Colombia account for the largest amount of REDD+ project land area. The Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) is a global, market-based program to reduce emissions from international aviation. It aims to allow credits and offsets for emissions that cannot be reduced by technology and operational improvements or sustainable aviation fuels. To ensure
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#17327836573752002-518: Is also uncertainty about what investors could claim by purchasing various types of carbon credits. REDD+ is a UNFCCC framework, largely addressed at tropical regions in developing countries, that is designed to compensate countries for not clearing or degrading their forests, or for enhancing forest carbon stocks. It aims to create financial value for carbon stored in forests, using the concept of results-based payments. REDD+ also promotes co-benefits from reducing deforestation such as biodiversity. It
2093-418: Is because it is difficult or impossible to determine their additionality . They usually generate revenue. And they usually involve subsidies or other complex financial arrangements. This can make them ineligible under many offset and credit programs. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas. It is most often emitted from landfills, livestock, and from coal mining. Methane projects can produce carbon offsets through
2184-415: Is because some might claim credit for emission reduction projects that would have been undertaken anyway. At prices of $ 100/tCO 2 e, a variety of carbon removal technologies could deliver around 2 GtCO 2 e per year of annual emission reductions between now and 2050. These technologies include reducing deforestation, forest restoration, CCS, BECCs and renewables in least developed countries. In addition, as
2275-741: Is better forest management. Offset certification and carbon trading programs vary by how much they consider specific projects eligible for offsets or credits. The European Union Emission Trading System considers nuclear energy projects, afforestation or reforestation activities, and projects involving destruction of industrial gases ineligible. Industrial gases include HFC-23 and N 2 O . Renewable energy projects can include hydroelectric, wind, photovoltaic solar, solar hot water, biomass power, and heat production. These types of projects help societies move from electricity and heating based on fossil fuels towards forms of energy that are less carbon-intensive. However, they may not qualify as offset projects. This
2366-412: Is drawn 24 times weekly, at 10:00 am, 12:27 pm, 6:00 pm, and 10:12 pm Central Time Mondays through Saturdays. Players choose (or let the lottery terminal select) 12 numbers from a field of 24. A player wins $ 250,000 cash if either all 12 numbers match those drawn or if none match the numbers drawn (the top prize has a $ 5 million liability limit on all drawings on this game). The odds of either way of winning
2457-533: Is organized by Free Press Houston , a local independent newspaper and Pegstar.net Presents, a local concert promotion company. As of November 30, 2017 it has been made official by both Free Press Houston and Austin City Limits promoters that a new version of the festival is to take place in Houston on the weekend of March 24–25, 2018 under a new name; In Bloom Music Festival. This change comes in precisely on
2548-469: Is responsible for approving methodologies, setting guidance, and implementing procedures. The preparation work for this is expected to last until the end of 2023. ER credits issued will fall by 2% to ensure that the program as a whole results in an overall Mitigation of Global Emissions. An additional 5% reduction of ERs will go to a fund to finance adaptation. Administrative fees for program management are still under discussion. CDM projects may transition to
2639-542: Is the program of choice for most of the forest credits in the voluntary market, and almost all REDD+ projects. The Gold Standard was developed in 2003 by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) in consultation with an independent standards advisory board. Projects are open to any non-government, community-based organization. Allowable categories include renewable energy supply, energy efficiency, afforestation , reforestation, and agriculture. The program also promotes
2730-570: Is the second largest trading system in the world after the Chinese national carbon trading scheme . It covers over 40% of European GHG emissions. California's cap-and-trade program covers about 85% of statewide GHG emissions. Voluntary carbon markets (VCM) are largely unregulated markets where carbon offsets are traded by corporations, individuals and organizations that are under no legal obligation to make emission cuts. In voluntary carbon markets, companies or individuals use carbon offsets to meet
2821-599: The Acid Rain Trading Program , which introduced the concept of a cap and trade system, which allowed companies to buy and sell offsets created by other companies that invested in emission reduction projects subject to an overall limit on emissions. In the 1990s, regulatory frameworks for the US Clean Water Act enabled mitigation banking and wetlands offsetting, which set the procedural and conceptual precedent for carbon offsetting. In 1997,
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2912-630: The European Energy Exchange , Global Carbon Credit Exchange gCCEx, Intercontinental Exchange , MexiCO 2 , NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe and Xpansiv. Many companies now engage in emissions abatement, offsetting, and sequestration programs, which generate credits that can be sold on an exchange. At the start of 2022 there were 25 operational emissions trading systems around the world. They are in jurisdictions representing 55% of global GDP. These systems cover 17% of global emissions. The European Union Emissions Trading System (EU-ETS)
3003-668: The European Union Emissions Trading System (EU-ETS) and the California Cap and Trade Program. Eligible credits in these programs may include credits that international or independent crediting systems have issued. There are also standards and crediting mechanisms that independent, nongovernmental entities such as Verra and Gold Standard manage. Under the Clean Development Mechanism , a developed country can sponsor
3094-511: The Gold Standard also have detailed guidance on what descriptive terms are appropriate for buyers of offsets and credits. Offsets from past project have to be additional to what would have happened without the project. For future projects, forward crediting is a process where credits are issued for projected emissions reductions, which can be claimed by buyers even before the reduction activities have occurred. When credit holders claim
3185-477: The Mega Millions consortium in 2003, with sales beginning December 3 and the first drawing to include Texas on December 5. Though no Texas ticket won the jackpot, one Texas-bought ticket matched the first five numbers for US$ 175,000. The first Texas jackpot winner of Mega Millions was not until the drawing of October 4, 2004; a Carrollton player took home the $ 101 million (annuity value) prize. As part of
3276-890: The Sustainable Developments Goals . Projects must meet at least three of those goals besides reducing GHG emissions. Projects must make a net-positive contribution to the economic, environmental and social welfare of the local population. Program monitoring requirements help determine this. A variety of projects can be used to reduce GHG emissions and thus to generate carbon offsets and credits. These can include land use improvement, methane capture, biomass sequestration , renewable energy , or industrial energy efficiency. They also include reducing methane, reforestation and switching fuel, for example to carbon-neutral and carbon-negative fuels . The CDM identifies over 200 types of projects suitable for generating carbon offsets and credits. An example of land use improvement
3367-536: The Texas Lottery . As of 2017, the festival was supported by Budweiser, Brisk, Taco Bell, Dark Horse, DSW, Razor, TopGolf, Academy Sports + Outdoors, Jack Daniel's, Vita Coco and 11 Hundred. See also: List of companies in Houston See: List of colleges and universities in Houston [REDACTED] Category [REDACTED] Texas portal Carbon offset Carbon offsetting
3458-684: The Verified Carbon Standard issued by Verra, the Gold Standard , the Climate Action Reserve, the American Carbon Registry, and Plan Vivo. Puro Standard, the first standard for engineered carbon removal, is verified by DNV GL. There are also some additional standards for validating co-benefits, including the Climate, Community and Biodiversity Standard (CCB Standard), also issued by Verra, and
3549-584: The cross-selling arrangement between the operators of Mega Millions and Powerball , the Texas Lottery Commission agreed to begin selling Powerball tickets on January 31, 2010; the first drawing including Texas was three days later. On April 23, 2013, the House voted not to recommission the Texas Lottery Commission, which would have potentially brought an end to the lottery in Texas. Later in
3640-477: The "Quick Pick" option (random selection of numbers, added on May 29, 1993, the Lottery's first anniversary), the "Cash Value" option (CVO), and changed the drawings to twice weekly, adding Wednesdays. Among notable winners was Thomas "Hollywood" Henderson , the former Dallas Cowboys linebacker, who claimed a winning jackpot in excess of $ 14 million in 2000. The current format utilizes 54 balls drawn from
3731-526: The Article 6.4 program subject to approval by the country hosting the project, and if the project meets the new rules, with certain exceptions for rules on methodologies. Projects can generally continue to use the same CDM methodologies through 2025. From 2026 on, they must meet all Article 6 requirements. Up to 2.8 billion credits could potentially become eligible for issuance under Article 6.4 if all CDM projects transition. Article 6 does not directly regulate
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3822-452: The GHG reductions, they must retire the carbon credits such that cannot be transferred and used. Carbon offsets can be tracked and reported within an offset certification registry, which may contain project information such as project status, project documents, credits generated, ownership, sale, and retirement. The year in which a carbon emissions reduction project — usually the year in which
3913-573: The Kyoto Protocol was that the marginal cost of reducing emissions would differ among countries. Studies suggested that the flexibility mechanisms could reduce the overall cost of meeting the targets. Offset and credit programs have been identified as a way for countries to meet their NDC commitments and achieve the goals of the Paris agreement at a lower cost. They may also help close the emissions gap identified in annual UNEP reports. There
4004-664: The Kyoto Protocol. Nuclear energy projects are not eligible for credits under these programs. Country-specific designated national authorities approve projects under the CDM. Article 6 of the Paris Agreement continues to support offset and credit programs between countries, including CDM projects from the Kyoto Protocol. Programs now occur to help achieve emission reduction targets set out in each country's nationally determined contribution (NDC). The ITMO system requires "corresponding adjustments" to avoid double counting of emission reductions. Double-counting occurs if both
4095-412: The Lottery logo: designs from a contracted advertising agency were pitted against designs from the general public. One logo from each source was placed in head-to-head competition, and the winning logo, a cowboy hat thrown high in celebration (still in current use) was the public design. The winner was Suzan Holten, from Carrollton . The lottery's first game was the scratch game Lone Star Millions, with
4186-461: The Lottery replaced the Sum It-Up with the new Fireball option. The Fireball is an add-on to the Pick 3, and Daily 4 games. Activating the Fireball feature doubles the cost of the play. After the Pick 3 and Daily 4 numbers are drawn, one digit 0 through 9 is drawn and designated as the Fireball number (The fireball number is separate from pick 3 and daily 4). The Fireball number may then be used by
4277-424: The Mega Millions consortium and MUSL (the operator of Powerball, the other major US lottery game) reached an agreement in principle for lotteries, at their option, to cross-sell Mega Millions and Powerball; the earliest date agreed on was January 31, 2010. The Texas Lottery Commission elected to participate in the agreement; on November 17, 2009 voted to publish Powerball rules for public comment. On December 14, 2009
4368-845: The Social Carbon Standard, issued by the Ecologica Institute. The voluntary carbon markets currently represent less than 1% of the reductions pledged in country NDCs by 2030. It represents an even smaller portion of the reductions needed to achieve the 1.5°C Paris temperature goal pathway in 2030. However, the VCM is growing significantly. Between 2017 and 2021, both the issuance and retirement of VCM carbon offsets more than tripled. Some predictions call for global VCM demand to increase 15-fold between 2021 and 2030, and 100 times by 2050. Carbon removal projects such as forestry and carbon capture and storage are expected to have
4459-734: The US and the UK. Texas Lottery The Texas Lottery is the government-operated lottery available throughout Texas . It is operated by the Texas Lottery Commission , headquartered in downtown Austin, Texas. House Bill 54 was introduced for a state lottery on July 11, 1991. The voters of Texas approved an amendment to the Texas Constitution November 5, 1991 authorizing lottery sales in Texas. The Texas Lottery Commission created an unusual contest for
4550-413: The US in 2022. Lower prices on the VCM are in part due to an excess of supply in relation to demand. Some types of offsets are able to be created at very low costs under present standards. Without this surplus, current VCM prices could be at least $ 10/tCO 2 e higher. Some pricing forecasts predict VCM prices could increase to as much as $ 47–$ 210 per tonne by 2050. There could be an even higher spike in
4641-480: The actual reductions achieved. To be credible, the reduction in emissions must meet three criteria: they must last indefinitely, be additional to emission reductions that were going to happen anyway, and must be measured, monitored and verified by independent third parties to ensure that the amount of reduction promised has in fact been attained. A carbon offset or carbon credit is a way of compensating for emissions of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases . It
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#17327836573754732-531: The capture of methane for energy production. Examples include the combustion or containment of methane generated by farm animals by use of an anaerobic digester , in landfills, or from other industrial waste . Carbon offsets that fund renewable energy projects help lower the carbon intensity of energy supply. Energy conservation projects seek to reduce the overall demand for energy. Carbon offsets in this category fund projects of three main types. Cogeneration plants generate both electricity and heat from
4823-400: The collective label LULUCF. LULUCF projects focus on natural carbon sinks such as forests and soil. There are a number of different types of LULUCF projects. Forestry-related projects focus on avoiding deforestation. They do this by protecting existing forests, restoring forests on land that was once forested, and creating forests on land that previously had no forests, typically for more than
4914-611: The cost led festival organizers to remove the Fancy Pants ticket tier in April 2011 and announced that all festival attendees would be able to watch the Fancy Pants acts. The 2009 festival was held August 8–9 with an attendance of approximately 30,000. A portion of the proceeds went to Project Row Houses (a community non-profit responsible for restoration, art and social activism in Houston's Third Ward since 1991). The lineup for FPSF 2009 was: Peekaboo Theory Band The 2010 festival
5005-474: The cost of using offsets and credits rises, investments in reducing supply chain emissions will become more attractive. Verra was developed in 2005. It is a widely used voluntary carbon standard, which also offers specific methodologies for REDD+ projects. As of 2020, there had been over 1,500 certified VCS projects covering energy, transport, waste, forestry, and other sectors. In 2021, Verra issued 300 MtCO 2 e worth of offset credits for 110 projects. Verra
5096-453: The day, the House reversed course with a new vote on the bill. Joan R. Ginther became a four-time winner of prizes over $ 1 million from 1993 to 2010, first from Lotto Texas and subsequently three times from scratch tickets. All of her winning tickets were purchased in Texas, and two of them were bought from the same convenience store in Bishop . In the 2018 fiscal year, lottery revenue
5187-507: The discussion of growth in the Houston region). The lineup for FPSF 2011 was: The festival was held June 2–3, 2012 with an estimated attendance of 92,000. Tickets for FPSF 2012 ranged in price from $ 75 to $ 115. The lineup was: The festival was held on June 1–2, 2013 in Eleanor Tinsley Park. This marks the festival's first sold-out edition. The lineup was: The 2014 festival was held on May 31 - June 1, 2014. The venue
5278-465: The elimination of methane emissions in various settings such as landfills . Many projects that give credits for carbon sequestration have received criticism as greenwashing because they overstated their ability to sequester carbon, with some projects being shown to actually increase overall emissions. Carbon offset and credit programs provide a mechanism for countries to meet their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) commitments to achieve
5369-529: The environmental integrity of these offsets, the program has developed a list of eligible offsets that can be used. Operating principles are similar to those under existing trading mechanisms and carbon offset certification standards. CORSIA has applied to international aviation since January 2019. At that point all airlines had been required to report their CO 2 emissions on an annual basis. International flights must undertake offsetting under CORSIA since January 2021. Compliance market credits account for most of
5460-444: The festival are encouraged. Over 2000 attendees biked to the 2009 festival. In February 2011, a new pass was introduced that would have granted access to a premium side stage viewing area and entry to a limited access electronic music tent. The Fancy Pants Tent was intended to host exclusive performances by electronic musicians and provide complimentary bar drinks and hors d'œuvres, free massages and meet and greets. Complaints about
5551-408: The first drawing to include Extra! winnings being held on April 17, 2013. The Extra! option costs $ 1 more per play. This gives players the chance to win $ 2 for matching 2 of 6 numbers. The Extra! option also adds $ 10 to the base prize amount for matching 3 of 6 numbers, $ 100 to the base prize for matching 4 of 6 numbers, and $ 10,000 to the base prize for matching 5 of 6 numbers. No change is made to
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#17327836573755642-504: The first ticket sold to then Gov. Ann Richards at Polk's Feed Store in Oak Hill on May 29, 1992. First-day sales of 23.2 million tickets sets a then-world record. First-week sales ending June 5 set another world record, with over 102 million tickets. Lotto Texas began sales on November 7, 1992, with the first drawing on November 14 and the first jackpot won by a resident of Schulenburg on November 28. The Texas Lottery Commission
5733-629: The four digits drawn are identical, such as 1112), 6-way (the digits drawn are two pairs, such as 1122), 12-way (two of the four digits drawn are identical, such as 1123) and or 24-way (all four digits are different, such as 1234)]. All payments are in lump sum. Players can select Straight or Box for either $ 0.50 or $ 1; Straight/Box for $ 1; Pairs for $ 0.50 or $ 1; Combo (4-way for $ 2 or $ 4; 6-way for $ 3 or $ 6; 12-way for $ 6 or $ 12; or 24-way for $ 12 or $ 24). The prizes are guaranteed amounts, and drawings are held at 10:00 AM, 12:27 PM, 6:00 PM, and 10:12 PM Central time Mondays through Saturdays. In April 28th, 2019,
5824-623: The game's end on February 1, 2004, it set a world record for first-day sales (23.2 million tickets) and first-week sales (102.4 million tickets), There were 6 prizes of $ 1 million (annuity-only) and 479 of $ 10,000 each. Scratch tickets, most changing frequently, cost $ 1 to $ 100 each. The Texas Lottery is the first and only U.S. lottery to offer $ 100 scratch-off tickets as of May of 2022. Prizes have included not only cash (from $ 1 to $ 20,000,000), and free tickets (which can be used to purchase any Texas drawing game), but also trucks, tickets to sports events, and tours of Cowboys Stadium . Lotto Texas
5915-687: The goals of the Paris Agreement . Article 6 of the Paris Agreement includes three mechanisms for "voluntary cooperation" between countries towards climate goals, including carbon markets . Article 6.2 enabled countries to directly trade carbon credits and units of renewable power with each other. Article 6.4 established a new international carbon market allowing countries or companies to use carbon credits generated in other countries to help meet their climate targets. Carbon offset and credit programs are coming under increased scrutiny because their claimed emissions reductions may be inflated compared to
6006-593: The goals they set themselves for reducing emissions. Credits are issued under independent crediting standards. Some entities also purchase them under international or domestic crediting mechanisms. National and subnational programs have been increasing in popularity. Many different groups exist within the voluntary carbon market, including developers, brokers, auditors, and buyers. Certification programs for VCMs establish accounting standards, project eligibility requirements, and monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) procedures for credit and offset projects. They include
6097-423: The host country and purchasing country count the reduction towards their target. If the receiving country uses ITMOs towards its NDC, the host country must discount those reductions from its emissions budget by adding and reporting that higher total in its biennial reporting. Otherwise Article 6.2 gives countries a lot of flexibility in how they can create trading agreements. The supervisory board under Article 6.4
6188-427: The jackpot prize amount. Overall odds of winning are 1:71. Overall odds of winning are 1:7.9 with the Extra! option. Texas Two Step is the other twice-weekly in-house game in Texas. Sales for Texas Two Step began on May 13, 2001. The current format utilizes a 4+1 matrix using two sets of numbers 1 through 35. Players choose five numbers; four from the first set of 35 white balls, and the fifth, Bonus Ball , from
6279-411: The minimum jackpot is $ 40 million, and drawings are held at 10:00 PM Central time on Tuesdays and Fridays. Texas, as in all Mega Millions jurisdictions except for California , offers an option, called Megaplier (similar to Powerball's Power Play ) which multiplies non-jackpot prizes by either 2, 3, 4, or 5. Second prize (5+0), normally $ 1 million, can be quintupled, to $ 5 million cash, if Megaplier
6370-531: The ninth anniversary of the FPSF. In January 2019 it was announced that a new edition of the In Bloom Music Festival would not be held. A recycling plan (with assistance from Little Joy Recycling) sorts aluminum, plastic, paper and glass. A free bottle of water is given to anyone who recycles 10 plastic bottles. All carbon output is balanced by carbon offset credits . Carpooling and bicycling to
6461-495: The offset and credit market today. Trading on voluntary carbon markets was 300 MtCO 2 e in 2021. By comparison, the compliance carbon market trading volume was 12 GtCO 2 e, and global greenhouse gas emissions in 2019 were 59 GtCO 2 e. Currently several exchanges trade in carbon credits and allowances covering both spot and futures markets. These include the Chicago Mercantile Exchange , CTX Global,
6552-630: The original international compliance carbon markets emerged from the Kyoto Protocol , which established three mechanisms that enable countries or operators in developed countries to acquire offset credits. One mechanism was the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), which expanded the concept of carbon emissions trading to a global scale, focusing on the major greenhouse gases that cause climate change : carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane , nitrous oxide (N 2 O), perfluorocarbons , hydrofluorocarbons , and sulfur hexafluoride . The Kyoto Protocol
6643-517: The perceived value of association with these projects. Credits from a reputable organization may command a higher price. Some credits located in developed countries may be priced higher. One reason could be that companies prefer to back projects closer to their business sites. Conversely, carbon credits with older vintages tend to be valued lower on the market. Prices on the compliance market are generally higher. They vary based on geography, with EU and UK ETS credits trading at higher prices than those in
6734-416: The player to replace any one digit in the Pick 3 and Daily 4 numbers. For instance, if the player selects 123 in the Pick 3 game, and the number actually drawn is 124, but the Fireball is a 3, the player may replace the 4 with a 3 to create a winning combination. Because the Fireball creates additional ways to win, a win using the Fireball generally pays a lesser amount than a win using the base play, however,
6825-522: The prize is forfeited. For scratch tickets, the time limit begins when a game is closed by the Commission; for drawings the time limit begins the date of the drawing. Within Texas, players must choose the cash value option (CVO) or annual pay (AP) when purchasing Powerball, Mega Millions, and/or Lotto Texas tickets when playing, instead of after winning (see below). The Texas Lottery began operations on May 29, 1992 with sales of Lone Star Millions . By
6916-554: The same power source. This improves upon the energy efficiency of most power plants. That is because these plants waste the energy generated as heat. Fuel efficiency projects replace a combustion device with one using less fuel per unit of energy provided. They can do this by optimizing industrial processes , reducing energy costs per unit. They can also optimize individual action , for example making it easier to cycle to work instead of driving. Industrial pollutants such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs) have
7007-415: The same regardless of where they are emitted. The costs of reducing emissions vary widely by source. The cap ensures that the environmental goal is attained. As of 2022, 68 carbon pricing programs were in place or scheduled to be created globally. International programs include the Clean Development Mechanism , Article 6 of the Paris Agreement , and CORSIA . National programs include ETS systems such as
7098-614: The short term in certain scenarios. A major factor in future price models is the extent to which programs that support more permanent removals can influence future global climate policy. This could limit the supply of approvable offsets, and thereby raise prices. Demand for VCM offsets is expected to increase five to ten-fold over the next decade as more companies adopt Net Zero climate commitments. This could benefit both markets and progress on reducing GHG emissions. If carbon offset prices remain significantly below these forecast levels, companies could be open to criticisms of greenwashing . This
7189-558: The top prize are the same; the first ball drawn determines whether a player must match all the numbers, or none, to win the top prize. Other prizes are $ 500, $ 50, $ 10, and $ 2; players win either by matching at least eight numbers or no more than four. Each play is $ 2. Each number set on an All or Nothing playslip has boxes for quick pick and for multi-draw, where a player may select to use the same numbers for up to 24 consecutive drawings. The All or Nothing concept and format has subsequently been adopted by other state lotteries. Cash Five
7280-429: The uncertainty associated with verifying the indirect value of carbon offsets. At the same time, uncertainty has caused some companies to become more skeptical about buying offsets . Emissions trading are now an important element of regulatory programs to control pollution, including GHG emissions. GHG emission trading programs exist at the sub-national, national, and international level. Under these programs, there
7371-508: The various markets they are traded in. There are several labels for one-tonne emission reductions, including " Verified Emission Reduction " or " Certified Emission Reduction ". The label depends on the particular program that certifies a reduction project. At COP27 , negotiators agreed to define offsets and credits issued under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement as " mitigation contributions " in order to discourage carbon neutrality claims by buyers. Certification organizations such as
7462-738: The voluntary carbon markets. In principle, it is possible to issue and purchase carbon offsets without reference to Article 6. It is possible that a multi-tier system could emerge with different types of offsets and credits available for investors. Companies may be able to purchase 'adjusted credits' that eliminate the risk of double counting. These may be seen as more valuable if they support science-based targets and net-zero emissions. Other non-adjusted offsets and credits could support claims for other environmental or social indicators. They could also support emission reductions that are seen as less valuable in terms of these goals. Uncertainty remains around Article 6's effects on future voluntary carbon markets. There
7553-404: Was allocated as follows. Prior to the 2018 fiscal year, the Texas Lottery Commission paid retailers a bonus for selling top-prize tickets for in-house draw games and for scratch tickets winning $ 1 million or higher. This program has been discontinued as of September 1, 2018. As with most US lotteries, players must be at least 18 years of age. Winning tickets must be claimed within 180 days or
7644-399: Was chosen. Texas is among the jurisdictions that offer a feature called “just the jackpot”. For $ 3, a player selects 2 sets of numbers which qualify for the jackpot only. “Just the jackpot” wagers are not eligible for other payouts that are offered in the game though the player is required to make the jackpot choice if either set matches all 6 numbers to win the jackpot. On October 13, 2009,
7735-537: Was closed and the first day was evacuated at about 1:00pm due to bad weather and lightning. Many acts were bumped or rescheduled with no notice when gates were rumored to be reopened at 3:30pm. Upon return many acts had sound trouble. Weather and construction at the park caused many stages to be moved to the Allen Parkway tarmac, often creating congestion and competing for sound. Partial refunds were not offered. The 2014 FPSF lineup consisted of: The 2015 festival
7826-633: Was formed via legislation in 1993 to take over management of the Lottery from the Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts ; the legislation also gives the Commission oversight of charitable bingo games (moving that duty from the Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission ). By November 1993, Texas Lottery sales would exceed US$ 1 billion , breaking a record set by the Florida Lottery in 1989. Texas joined
7917-527: Was held June 5–6 with an attendance of over 45,000. A portion of the proceeds went to Buffalo Bayou Partnership (a non-profit corporation that develops and facilitates improvements to the Buffalo Bayou greenway system). The lineup for FPSF 2010 was: The festival was held June 4–5, 2011 with a two-day attendance of over 60,000. A portion of the proceeds went to Houston Tomorrow (a nonprofit organization founded in 1998 to explore urban issues and to inform
8008-593: Was held on June 6–7, 2015. The lineup was: The event was held June 4–5, 2016 at NRG Park, Yellow Lot, Houston, TX The lineup was: The event was held June 3–4, 2017 at Eleanor Tinsley Park, Houston, TX. Due to flash flood warnings, the remainder of the festival was cancelled. The lineup was: As of 2013, the festival was supported by Absolut Vodka , Aio Wireless , American Apparel , Barefoot Refresh Wines, Budweiser , Cracker Jack'D , Chipotle Mexican Grill , Honest Tea , Houston Chronicle 29-95 , ikan, IKEA , MKT Bar, Kroger , Lowe's , Red Bull , Seidio and
8099-645: Was introduced in its basic form at COP11 in 2005 and has grown into a broad policy initiative to address deforestation and forest degradation. In 2015, REDD+ was incorporated into Article 5 of the Paris Agreement. REDD+ initiatives typically compensate developing countries or their regional administrations for reducing their emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. It consists of several stages: One, achieving REDD+ readiness; two, formalizing an agreement for financing; three, measuring, reporting, and verifying results; and four, receiving results-based payments. Over 50 countries have national REDD+ initiatives. REDD+
8190-421: Was the first Texas in-house drawing game offered, with sales beginning on November 7, 1992; its first drawing on November 14, 1992, and the first jackpot won on November 28, 1992. By its first anniversary, the Texas Lottery sold over $ 1 billion in tickets. Initially sold as an annuity-only game (no cash option), the purchaser having to pick numbers, and the drawings held only on Saturdays, Lotto Texas later added
8281-665: Was to expire in 2020, to be superseded by the Paris Agreement. Countries are still determining the role of carbon offsets in the Paris Agreement through international negotiations on the agreement's Article 6. In November 2024, after years of deadlock, governments attending the COP29 conference in Baku , Azerbaijan agreed to rules on creating, trading and registering emission reductions and removals as carbon credits that higher-emission countries can buy, thus providing funding for low-emission technologies. The economics behind programs such as
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