The Fried Liver Attack , also called the Fegatello Attack (named after an Italian dish), is a chess opening . This opening is a variation of the Two Knights Defense in which White sacrifices a knight for an attack on Black's king . The opening begins with the moves:
24-684: This is the Two Knights Defense where White has chosen the offensive line 4.Ng5, but 5...Nxd5 is risky (5...Na5, the Polerio Defense, is considered better; other Black choices include 5...b5 and 5...Nd4). Bobby Fischer felt that 6.d4! (the Lolli Attack ) was incredibly strong, to the point 5...Nxd5 is rarely played; however, the Fried Liver Attack involves the move 6.Nxf7, a knight sacrifice on f7. The opening
48-493: A Baltic German family. From 1825 to 1829 he studied at the University of Dorpat , and then worked as a mathematics teacher, like Anderssen. From 1838 to 1839, he played a correspondence match against Carl Jaenisch – unfinished, because Kieseritzky had to leave for Paris. In Paris he became a chess professional, giving lessons or playing games for five francs an hour, and editing a chess magazine. Kieseritzky became one of
72-614: A choice of retreats for the knight. The usual move here is 9.Nf3, after which Black obtains some initiative after 9...e4 10.Ne5 Bd6 (see diagram). This is the Knorre Variation, and is considered to be the main line of the Two Knights Defense. After ten moves, White has developed only two pieces against Black's three pieces and pawns, but has an extra pawn as well as a better pawn structure. Both 11.d4 and 11.f4 have been tried here with no definitive conclusion. 10...Bc5
96-486: A distinct advantage of material for Black.) Correct is 5.Bxf7+! Ke7 6.d4! (6.d3 is also good) and now: White can choose to develop rapidly with 4.d4 exd4 5.0-0. Now Black can equalize simply by eliminating White's last center pawn with 5...Nxe4, after which White regains the material with 6.Re1 d5 7.Bxd5 Qxd5 8.Nc3, but Black has a comfortable position after 8...Qa5 or 8...Qh5. The wild Nakhmanson Gambit 6.Nc3 gives White compensation if Black accepts
120-593: A pawn by force . Despite Tarrasch's criticism, 4.Ng5 has remained a popular choice for White at all levels. After 4...d5 White has little option but to play 5.exd5, since both the bishop and e4-pawn are attacked. Then Black usually plays 5...Na5 but there are other options: After 5...Na5, the Polerio Defense, Paul Morphy would play to hold the gambit pawn with 6.d3, the Kieseritzky Attack (or Morphy Variation), which has not been popular, since it has long been known that Black obtains good chances for
144-498: Is a viable alternative for Black, as is 10...Qc7 (the Goring Variation). Steinitz favored 9.Nh3 instead, although it did not bring him success in his famous 1891 cable match against Chigorin. The Steinitz Variation was mostly forgotten until Fischer revived it in the 1960s. Nigel Short led a second revival of 9.Nh3 in the 1990s, and today it is thought to be about equal in strength to the more common 9.Nf3. In addition to
168-584: Is harder to play than attack in this variation, the Fried Liver is dangerous for Black, particularly with shorter time controls . Two Knights Defense The Two Knights Defense (also called the Prussian Defense ) is a chess opening that begins with the moves: First recorded by Giulio Cesare Polerio (c. 1550 – c. 1610) in the late 16th century, this line of the Italian Game
192-861: Is known as both the Traxler Variation and (in the United States and the United Kingdom only) the Wilkes-Barre Variation. White can play 5.d4, 5.Nxf7, or 5.Bxf7+: 4...Nxe4?! is considered unsound but must be handled carefully. 5.Nxe4 d5 poses no problems for Black. If 5.Nxf7? Qh4! 6.g3 (6.0-0 Bc5!) 6...Qh3 7.Nxh8 Qg2 8.Rf1 Nd4 9.Qh5+ g6 10.Nxg6 hxg6 11.Qxg6+ Kd8 and Black has dangerous threats. (Alternatively, after 5.Nxf7? Qh4! 6.g3, Black could play more aggressively 6...Nxg3! 7.fxg3 Qe4+ 8.Qe2 Qxh1+ 9.Qf1 Qxf1+ 10.Kxf1 d5 11.Bxd5 Bh3+ 12.Ke1 Nb4 13.Bb3 Nxc2+ 14.Bxc2 Kxf7 with
216-467: Is popular with younger players who like the name and the aggressive, attacking style. It is classified as code C57 in the Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings . The Fried Liver Attack has been known for many centuries, the earliest known example being a game played by Giulio Cesare Polerio before 1606. Computer chess programs, including those on large mainframes, were reportedly still vulnerable to
240-459: Is quite strong after 9.a3 Nxc2+ 10.Kd1 Nd4!? or 10...Nxa1! 11.Nxd5 Qh4! when White's attack runs out (12.Nxc7+ Kd7 13.Qf7+ Qe7 and the queens come off; after 12.Nb6+ Ke7, 13.Nxc8+ is met by 13...Rxc8 14.d3 Kd8, and 13.Qf7+ is met by 13...Kd8 14.Nxa8 Bd7; either way, Black's king is safe and Black has the advantage). Thus, 9.Bb3, 9.Qe4, or 9.0-0 are better choices. White has a strong attack, but it has not yet been proven to be decisive. Because defence
264-592: The Giuoco Pianissimo if Black responds 4...Bc5, but there are also independent variations after 4...Be7 or 4...h6. White tries to avoid the tactical battles that are common in other lines of the Two Knights and to enter a more positional game. The resulting positions take on some characteristics of the Ruy Lopez if White plays c3 and retreats the bishop to c2 via Bc4–b3–c2. This move became popular in
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#1732794550162288-400: The 1980s and has been used by John Nunn and others. The attempt to defend the pawn with 4.Nc3 does not work well since Black can take the pawn anyway and use a fork trick to regain the piece, 4.Nc3?! Nxe4! 5.Nxe4 d5. The try 5.Bxf7+? does not help, as Black has the bishop pair and a better position after 5...Kxf7 6.Nxe4 d5. Instead, 4.Nc3 is usually played with the intent to gambit
312-525: The Giuoco Piano or Scotch Game. White can choose to avoid these lines by playing 5.e5, a line often adopted by Sveshnikov . After 5.e5, either 5...Ne4 or 5...Ng4 is a playable reply, but most common and natural is 5...d5 6.Bb5 Ne4 7.Nxd4 Bc5, with sharp play. The tricky 5.Ng5?! is best met by 5...d5! 6.exd5 Qe7+! The quiet move 4.d3, the Modern Bishop's Opening, transposes into
336-412: The attack in 1980. After 6...Kxf7, play usually continues 7.Qf3+ Ke6 (7...Kg8?? leads to a mate in 3 after 8.Bxd5+ while other moves immediately lose the knight on d5) 8.Nc3 ( diagram ). Black will play 8...Nb4 and follow up with ...c6, bolstering their pinned knight on d5. White can force the b4-knight to abandon protection of the d5-knight with 9.a3, a move Yakov Estrin recommended, but Black
360-673: The e-pawn with the Boden–Kieseritzky Gambit , 4.Nc3 Nxe4 5.0-0. This gambit is not commonly seen in tournament play as it is not well regarded by opening theory, but it can offer White good practical chances, especially in blitz chess . White must respond to the attack on the e-pawn. (For explanation of notation, see chess opening theory table .) Bibliography Lionel Kieseritzky Lionel Adalbert Bagration Felix Kieseritzky ( Russian : Лионель Адальберт Багратион Феликс Кизерицкий ; 1 January 1806 [ O.S. 20 December 1805] – 18 May [ O.S. 6 May] 1853)
384-412: The four leading French masters of the time, alongside Louis de la Bourdonnais , Pierre Charles Fournier de Saint-Amant , and Boncourt , and for the few years before his death was among the top several players in the world along with Howard Staunton . His knowledge of the game was significant and he made contributions to chess theory , but his career was somewhat blighted by misfortune and a passion for
408-472: The moves 8.Be2 and 8.Qf3, the move 8.Bd3 is a valid alternative that has apparently become fashionable in recent years. This bold move ignores White's attack on f7 and leads to wild play. Czech problemist Karel Traxler played it against Reinisch in Prague in 1890. Later it was named after Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania by Frank Marshall , who claimed to be first to analyze and publish it, so today 4...Bc5
432-851: The name "Chigorin Counterattack" would be more appropriate. The Two Knights has been adopted as Black by many aggressive players including Mikhail Chigorin and Paul Keres , and world champions Mikhail Tal and Boris Spassky . In modern grandmaster play, 3.Bc4 is less common than 3.Bb5 , and the more solid 3...Bc5 is the most frequent reply, so the Two Knights Defense is infrequently seen. It remains popular with amateur players. The theory of this opening has been explored extensively in correspondence chess by players such as Hans Berliner and Yakov Estrin . German master Siegbert Tarrasch called 4.Ng5 "a real duffer's move" ( ein richtiger Stümperzug ) and Soviet opening theorist Vasily Panov called it "primitive", but this attack on f7 practically wins
456-466: The pawn with 6...h6 7.Nf3 e4 8.Qe2 Nxc4 9.dxc4 Bc5. (Bronstein once tried the piece sacrifice 8.dxe4!? with success, but its soundness is doubtful. ) Instead, White usually plays 6.Bb5+, when play usually continues 6...c6 (6...Bd7 is also possible ) 7.dxc6 bxc6 8.Be2 h6. (The move 8.Qf3, popular in the nineteenth century and revived by Efim Bogoljubow in the twentieth, can be played instead; Black may reply with 8...h6, 8...Rb8, or 8...Be7.) White then has
480-438: The piece with 6...dxc3 7.Bxf7+ Kxf7 8.Qd5+ and then makes the intuitive move 8...Ke8?! Instead, 8...Kf6! has been analysed to offer Black a substantial edge with best play. Victor Bologan suggests declining the gambit with 6...Nxc3 7.bxc3 d5 8.Bb5 Be7 leading to a better position for Black. Alternatively, Black can enter the extensively analyzed Max Lange Attack after 5...Bc5 6.e5 d5, which can also arise by transposition from
504-528: The unsound. In 1842 he tied a match with Ignazio Calvi (+7−7=1). In 1846, he won matches against the German masters Bernhard Horwitz (+7−4=1) and Daniel Harrwitz (+11−5=2). He enjoyed a number of other victories across his career, but his nerve was lacking when it came to tournament play. He was invited to play in the first international chess tournament, the London 1851 tournament , where he scored ½–2½ and
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#1732794550162528-563: Was a Baltic German chess master and theoretician , known for his contributions to chess theory, as well for a game he lost against Adolf Anderssen , known as the " Immortal Game ". Kieseritzky's name became associated with several openings and opening variations, such as the Kieseritzky Gambit , Kieseritzky Attack , and the Boden–Kieseritzky Gambit . Kieseritzky was born in Dorpat (now Tartu), Livonia , Russian Empire into
552-555: Was defeated in the first round by the eventual winner Adolf Anderssen . During his time in London, Kieseritzky also played a casual game against Anderssen which became known as " The Immortal Game ". Despite losing, Kieseritzky himself recorded and published the game during his period as editor of La Regence . Kieseritzky is credited with invention of the first three-dimensional chess , Kubicschach ("Cubic Chess"), in 1851, but this variant failed to attract adherents. The 8×8×8 cube format
576-483: Was extensively developed in the 19th century. Black's third move is a more aggressive defense than the Giuoco Piano ( 3...Bc5 ). Black allows White to attack his f7-pawn with 4.Ng5. If White does so, the game quickly takes on a tactical character: Black is practically forced to give up a pawn for the initiative. The complications are such that David Bronstein suggested that the term "defense" does not fit, and that
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