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16-400: The town was founded in 1621 by Dutch settlers. Duke Friedrich III of Holstein-Gottorp persuaded them to invest capital and knowledge in this region in turn for freedom of their Mennonite and Remonstrant religions ( see: Arminianism ) and opportunities to reclaim fen and marsh land in the vicinity of the town. One of them was Johannes Narssius . Dutch became an official language. The town

32-459: A ducal adviser, Philipp Crusius , and with Adam Olearius as secretary. On 14 August 1634 the delegation arrived at Moscow. Although it was not successful in concluding a commercial agreement with Tsar Michael I of Russia , nevertheless, immediately after the return of the delegation to Gottorp on 6 April 1635, Frederick began the preparation of the following expedition. In 1636, he sent his delegation to Persia, and in 1639 Safi of Persia sent

48-631: A return delegation with presents for the Duke. The difficult task of leading the country through the Thirty Years' War confronted Frederick. He tried a policy of neutrality, which meant in practice the refusal of the union with Denmark and inclinations toward Sweden . In 1654 he hosted the recently abdicated Christina, Queen of Sweden . She wrote to her successor to recommend two of his daughters as potential brides. Thus, he married his daughter Hedvig Eleonora to King Charles X of Sweden . Since

64-418: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp Frederick III of Holstein-Gottorp (22 December 1597 – 10 August 1659) was a Duke of Holstein-Gottorp . He was the elder son of Duke Johann Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp and Princess Augusta of Denmark . His mother was a daughter of King Frederick II of Denmark . He had ambitious plans concerning

80-651: The Netherlands . By the beginning of 1598 he was in Switzerland , then visited Austria , Hungary , and Italy , where he remained until 1602. During a stay in Florence , Louis was accepted (with the assistance of his Italian tutor Bastiano de' Rossi ) as the first German member of the Accademia della Crusca , in which he was known by the name "L'Acceso." In 1603 a formal division of the principality of Anhalt

96-786: The Swedish attempt at being the Great Power ultimately failed, Frederick's pro-Swedish policy led to the weakening of the house of Holstein-Gottorp. Frederick as the patron of art and culture was more successful. Thus he founded on 3 September 1642 together with Prince Louis I of Anhalt-Köthen the Fruitbearing Society . Furthermore, he contributed to the creation of the Globe of Gottorf . The painter Jürgen Ovens worked more than 30 years for him and his successor Christian Albrecht of Holstein-Gottorp . Frederick died in 1659 in

112-478: The auspices of Wolfgang Ratke . Problems with the local clergy led to Ratke's imprisonment for eight months, and Louis left this project incomplete. On the occasion of the funeral of his sister Dorothea Maria , Duchess of Saxe-Weimar, on 24 August 1617, the seneschal Kaspar von Teutleben proposed the establishment of a society on the model of the Accademia della Crusca. The creation of the Fruitbearing Society

128-454: The death of his father in 1586, Louis inherited the principality of Anhalt jointly with his half- and full brothers. The youngest of all the sons of Joachim Ernest who survived to adulthood, he grew up in Dessau at the court of his older brother and guardian, John George I. From 1596 to 1597 the seventeen-year-old Louis made a Grand Tour of Europe by traveling to Great Britain , France , and

144-441: The development of sea trade. With this purpose he established Friedrichstadt in 1621, in sympathy with city of Glückstadt established in 1617 by Christian IV of Denmark . Furthermore, he attempted to find a commercial way to Russia and Persia that would not pass around Africa. For this reason he sent on 6 November 1633 the expedition from Hamburg to Moscow under the management of a commercial agent of Otto Brüggemann and

160-808: The fortress of Tönning, while the fortress was besieged in the course of the Second Karl Gustav War between Denmark and Sweden. He was married in Dresden on 21 February 1630 to Princess Marie Elisabeth of Saxony , daughter of Elector John George I of Saxony and Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia . They had sixteen children in just over eighteen years, ten of whom lived to adulthood: Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-K%C3%B6then Louis I of Anhalt-Köthen ( German : Ludwig I., Fürst von Anhalt-Köthen ; 17 June 1579 in Dessau – 7 January 1650 in Köthen ),

176-522: The scholar Adam Olearius , later wrote a book documenting the mission. The aim of creating a regular trading route that did not need to pass around Africa was not achieved, the delegation proved fruitless and the town did not become as successful as anticipated. Beside the Remonstrants and Mennonites, other faith communities which settled in the town included Unitarians , Quakers , Catholics and Jews . This Nordfriesland location article

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192-460: Was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the unified principality of Anhalt . From 1603, he was ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Köthen . He was also a founder of the first German Society (the Fruitbearing Society ). Louis was the seventh son of Joachim Ernest, Prince of Anhalt , but fifth-born son of his second wife Eleonore, daughter of Christoph, Duke of Württemberg . After

208-520: Was agreed upon by the surviving co-rulers. Louis received Köthen , where he took up his principal residence. Militarily and politically Louis remained cautious, preferring to promote agriculture vigorously. He built his new Schloss (official residence) in Italian style and had his court adopt Italian manners. With his financial support, a major educational initiative was launched in Köthen in 1619 under

224-573: Was also a source of tension in the Fruitbearing Society, because Oxenstierna was a member. In Rheda on 31 October 1606 Louis married Countess Amöena Amalie of Bentheim-Steinfurt , 19 March 1586 – d. Oldenburg , 8 September 1625), daughter of Arnold III, Count of Bentheim-Steinfurt-Tecklenburg-Limburg , and younger sister of Anna, the wife of Prince Christian I of Anhalt-Bernburg , Louis's older brother. They had two children: The death of his only son left Louis without an heir, but it

240-552: Was decided upon and Louis was appointed its first leader, a post he held until his death. As a member, was known as Der Nährende (the nourisher) and used the Latin motto "Vita mihi Christ, morse lucrum." During the Thirty Years' War , King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden transferred the governorship of the Dioceses of Magdeburg and Halberstadt to Louis. This provoked the anger of Count Axel Oxenstierna , who desired that post. This

256-468: Was named after Duke Frederick. By 1630, many Arminians had already returned to the Netherlands. Between 1633 and 1637 Frederick III sent an embassy to Tsar Michael I of Russia and to Shah Safi of Persia with a view to setting up Friedrichstadt as a European trade terminus. The delegation was led by the jurisconsult Philip Crusius and the merchant Otto Bruggemann or Brugman; their secretary,

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