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54-548: A Futuro house, or Futuro Pod , is a round, prefabricated house designed by Finnish architect Matti Suuronen , of which fewer than 100 were built during the late 1960s and early 1970s. The shape, reminiscent of a flying saucer , and the structure's airplane hatch entrance has made the houses sought after by collectors. The Futuro is composed of fiberglass -reinforced polyester plastic, polyester- polyurethane , and poly(methyl methacrylate) , measuring 4 metres (13 feet) high and 8 metres (26 feet) in diameter. The Futuro house

108-885: A degree focused entirely on XR design. Studies in the field of technology take place on two campuses. The Myyrmäki campus mainly focuses on industrial technology, and teaching at the Karamalmi campus is more IT-based. Metropolia has a wide variety of industrial degrees, such as automotive engineering and industrial management . All industrial-based studies are conducted in Finnish. The school has two IT programs, one of them in English. Metropolia publishes around 100 RDI projects each year in cooperation with partner networks. Right now, Metropolia conducts its research through five phenomenon-based innovation hubs. In 2018, Metropolia's external RDI income amounted to about EUR 5.4 million. One of

162-548: A double degree with partner universities, the core curriculum focuses on a strong foundation in business principles. In 2017, Metropolia's business program achieved the highest ranking among Finnish Universities of Applied Sciences. Teaching takes place at the Myyrmäki Campus. The school offers three bachelor-level business studies programs, two of which are in English. Metropolia also offers learning pathways leading to an MBA degree. Metropolia conducts many degrees in

216-624: A large number of indoor detail photographs and drawings of the Futuro House. A UK artist, Craig Barnes, purchased and restored a Futuro house in 2013-14. He had discovered the wreck whilst on holiday in South Africa and had it shipped back to the UK before commencing restoration. This Futuro house, the only one in the UK, was on display to the public as part of an exhibition on the rooftop of Matt's Gallery , London until December 2014. The house

270-801: A more robust and comprehensive academic environment. The university emphasizes innovation, practical learning, and collaboration with industry. Metropolia is located in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area . Currently, Metropolia has four campuses: the Arabia and Myllypuro campuses in Helsinki, the Karamalmi campus in Espoo, and the Myyrmäki campus in Vantaa . The Myllypuro campus offers programs in medicine and architecture. The first sections of

324-444: A specific part of the project or to the whole of it. The efficiency and speed in the execution times of these works offer that, for example, in the case of the educational sector, it is possible to execute the projects without the cessation of the operations of the educational facilities during the development of the same. Prefabrication saves engineering time on the construction site in civil engineering projects. This can be vital to

378-560: Is a University of Applied Sciences in Finland . The university has four campuses, offering 93 degree programs in business , culture , healthcare and social services , and technology . In 2008, EVTEK University of Applied Sciences and Helsinki Polytechnic Stadia merged to create the Metropolia University of Applied Sciences. This merger aimed to consolidate resources, expertise, and educational offerings to create

432-422: Is by Goodier and Gibb in 2007, which described the process of manufacturing and preassembly of a certain number of building components, modules, and elements before their shipment and installation on construction sites. The term prefabrication also applies to the manufacturing of things other than structures at a fixed site. It is frequently used when fabrication of a section of a machine or any movable structure

486-436: Is often also referred to as off-site construction. These can be described as component (or sub-assembly) systems, panelised systems, volumetric systems, and modular systems. Below these categories different branches, or technologies are being developed. There are a vast number of different systems on the market which fall into these categories and with recent advances in digital design such as building information modeling (BIM),

540-438: Is shifted from the main manufacturing site to another location, and the section is supplied assembled and ready to fit. It is not generally used to refer to electrical or electronic components of a machine, or mechanical parts such as pumps, gearboxes and compressors which are usually supplied as separate items, but to sections of the body of the machine which in the past were fabricated with the whole machine. Prefabricated parts of

594-472: Is the largest International University of Applied Sciences in Finland. International activities at Metropolia include international degree programs, student and teacher mobility, work placement opportunities abroad, and other projects. All undergraduate programs in business at Metropolia culminate in a Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) degree. While some specializations offer the possibility of earning

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648-434: Is the use of prefabricated concrete and prefabricated steel sections in structures where a particular part or form is repeated many times. It can be difficult to construct the formwork required to mould concrete components on site, and delivering wet concrete to the site before it starts to set requires precise time management. Pouring concrete sections in a factory brings the advantages of being able to re-use moulds and

702-400: Is used in various industries and construction sectors such as healthcare, retail, hospitality, education, and public administration, due to its many advantages and benefits over traditional on-site construction, such as reduced installation time and cost savings. Being used in single-story buildings as well as in multi-story projects and constructions. Providing the possibility of applying it to

756-592: The Baixa district, was rebuilt by using prefabrication on an unprecedented scale. Under the guidance of Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, popularly known as the Marquis de Pombal , the most powerful royal minister of D. Jose I , a new Pombaline style of architecture and urban planning arose, which introduced early anti-seismic design features and innovative prefabricated construction methods, according to which large multistory buildings were entirely manufactured outside

810-411: The foundations are constructed in this way, while sections of walls , floors and roof are prefabricated (assembled) in a factory (possibly with window and door frames included), transported to the site, lifted into place by a crane and bolted together. Prefabrication is used in the manufacture of ships , aircraft and all kinds of vehicles and machines where sections previously assembled at

864-469: The 1970s to 1980s. However, many did not last past the 1980s and were demolished. These pods were installed mostly in shopping centre parking lots. At least one of each model served as small-scale bank branches. This use of these Futuro houses was likely due to zoning regulations at the time that would have made it difficult to live in one. A Futuro House located in Frisco, NC and featuring alien memorabilia,

918-755: The Futuro and moved it from its original location in Greensborough (Melbourne, Victoria) to the track. Duncan bought it from a real estate agent who used the Futuro as a temporary booth for sales of land at a new housing estate called Apollo Parkways. A Futuro House was used as a green room for artists at the Falls Festival in Lorne (Victoria), before its Kyneton owner sold it in 2016 to be shipped to Perth (Australia). Another Futuro House has been in Perth since

972-557: The Health Village is to give students a taste of real-world medical work experience. Some of the services are: prosthetics and orthotics services; osteopathy services; and physiotherapy services. All culture courses are conducted in Finnish. There are 8 undergraduate degrees and 7 master's degrees. All teaching takes place at the Arabia Campus and nearby premises. Metropolia UAS is the first Finnish university to offer

1026-606: The United States of America. In 2010, Finnish conservator Anna-Maija Kuitunen made a damage assessment plan for the first Futuro ever made (serial number 001). This was done as her final thesis for the Metropolia University of Applied Sciences in Finland ("Futuro no. 001 – documentation and evaluation of preservation need"). The thesis is openly available via the Finnish Theses database and contains

1080-456: The assembly of aircraft and spacecraft , with components such as wings and fuselage sections often being manufactured in different countries or states from the final assembly site. However, this is sometimes for political rather than commercial reasons, such as for Airbus . Off-site fabrication is a process that incorporates prefabrication and pre-assembly. The process involves the design and manufacture of units or modules, usually remote from

1134-426: The body of the machine may be called 'sub-assemblies' to distinguish them from the other components. An example from house-building illustrates the process of prefabrication. The conventional method of building a house is to transport bricks , timber , cement , sand , steel and construction aggregate , etc. to the site, and to construct the house on site from these materials. In prefabricated construction , only

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1188-579: The campus to be constructed opened in January 2019 with 3000 students and 250 employees, with the second part opening in January 2020. Construction of the campus cost about 165 million euros. There are currently about 6000 students enrolled in programs on this campus. The Arabia campus offers programs in culture, conservation, and design. The Myyrmäki campus offers programs in industrial technology and international business . There are currently 3500 students and 230 staff members on this campus. Construction of

1242-407: The city of Tampa ordered a Futuro House demolished. Shortly after the turn of the century, a Futuro House was purchased on Broadkill Beach, Delaware , and destroyed to make way for a double-wide modular home . Some have been vandalised in drive-by shootings . The oil crisis of 1973 led to an abrupt halt in plastic production. Synthetics became very expensive to produce. Additionally, the public

1296-524: The city, transported in pieces and then assembled on site. The process, which lasted into the nineteenth century, lodged the city's residents in safe new structures unheard-of before the quake. Also in Portugal, the town of Vila Real de Santo António in the Algarve , founded on 30 December 1773, was quickly erected through the use of prefabricated materials en masse. The first of the prefabricated stones

1350-528: The coming years, with the prefabricated modular construction market expected to grow at a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of 8% between 2022 and 2030. It is expected to reach USD 271 billion by 2030. "Prefabricated Building Construction Systems Adopted in Hong Kong" (PDF) . Retrieved 20 August 2013 . Metropolia University of Applied Sciences The Metropolia University of Applied Sciences ( Finnish : Metropolia ammattikorkeakoulu )

1404-402: The concrete can be mixed on the spot without having to be transported to and pumped wet on a congested construction site. Prefabricating steel sections reduces on-site cutting and welding costs as well as the associated hazards. Prefabrication techniques are used in the construction of apartment blocks, and housing developments with repeated housing units. Prefabrication is an essential part of

1458-564: The cost of transporting prefabricated sections and lifting them into position as they will usually be larger, more fragile and more difficult to handle than the materials and components of which they are made. Prefabrication has been used since ancient times. For example, it is claimed that the world's oldest known engineered roadway , the Sweet Track constructed in England around 3800 BC , employed prefabricated timber sections brought to

1512-664: The fields of healthcare and social services. There are two bachelor's degrees in English (nursing and social services) and 15 in Finnish. The school also offers master-level studies leading to the MHA ( Master of Health Administration ) degree. All degrees in these fields are hosted at the Myllypuro Campus. Metropolia has a unique learning environment called the Well-Being and Health Village. In this place, students provide free medical services under supervision. The idea behind

1566-1050: The final extension of this campus was completed in August 2018. The Karamalmi campus was opened in August 2019 after the Leppävaara Campus was closed on March 4, 2019 due to safety reasons. The property owner of the Leppävaara campus, the City of Espoo , informed Metropolia about the poor condition of the campus structures on February 14, 2019, and urged Metropolia to move campus activities away as soon as possible. Metropolia offers 43 bachelor's degrees , with awarded titles varying by field. These include titles such as Bachelor of Engineering , Bachelor of Business Administration , Bachelor of Healthcare, Bachelor of Social Services , and Bachelor of Culture and Arts. Additionally, 26 master's-level programs are available, while doctoral studies are not offered at Metropolia. However, with

1620-450: The final point of manufacture are assembled elsewhere instead, before being delivered for final assembly. The theory behind the method is that time and cost is saved if similar construction tasks can be grouped, and assembly line techniques can be employed in prefabrication at a location where skilled labour is available, while congestion at the assembly site, which wastes time, can be reduced. The method finds application particularly where

1674-418: The first model in a series of holiday homes to be licensed in 50 countries, already mass-produced in the United States, Australia and Belgium. The segments of the elliptic envelope are assembled on the site using a metal footing. Through its shape and materials used, the house can be erected in very cold mountains or even by the sea. The area is 50 sq m, the volume 140 cubic m, divided by adaptable partitions. By

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1728-428: The improved quality. However, tradition often favors building by hand in many countries, and the image of prefab as a "cheap" method only slows its adoption. However, current practice already allows the modifying the floor plan according to the customer's requirements and selecting the surfacing material, e.g. a personalized brick facade can be masoned even if the load-supporting elements are timber. Today, prefabrication

1782-751: The industrialization of construction. The quality of prefabricated housing units had increased to the point that they may not be distinguishable from traditionally built units to those that live in them. The technique is also used in office blocks, warehouses and factory buildings. Prefabricated steel and glass sections are widely used for the exterior of large buildings. Detached houses, cottages, log cabin, saunas, etc. are also sold with prefabricated elements. Prefabrication of modular wall elements allows building of complex thermal insulation , window frame components, etc. on an assembly line , which tends to improve quality over on-site construction of each individual wall or frame. Wood construction in particular benefits from

1836-873: The late 60s placed on the corner of two roads. Lost Perth Spaceship One house was located in Darwin and was destroyed by Cyclone Tracy in 1974. The final houses are located in Deep Creek, South Australia, and on the campus grounds of the University of Canberra. This Futuro, thought to be manufactured in New Zealand, arrived in Canberra in 1972. It spent time at the Canberra Space Dome (Planetarium) and Observatory in Dickson in 1997 and arrived at

1890-480: The lightness of the panels reduced the cost of foundations and assembly on site. Coloured concrete grey and with flat roofs, prefab houses were uninsulated and cold and life in a prefab acquired a certain stigma, but some London prefabs were occupied for much longer than the projected 10 years. The Crystal Palace , erected in London in 1851, was a highly visible example of iron and glass prefabricated construction; it

1944-766: The mid-1970s, the Futuro was taken off the market, having been poorly received, since its inception — its avant-garde construction, appearance and materials having negatively influenced public acceptance. The first Futuro House that was erected near Lake Puulavesi in Finland elicited public protest because it looked too unnatural for the rustic environment. In the United States , Futuro Houses were banned from many municipalities by zoning regulations. Banks were reluctant to finance them. Some were vandalised . Some customers who'd committed to buy them, backed out and forfeited their non-refundable $ 1,000 deposits ($ 5,662 adjusted for inflation). Some have been destroyed. In 1999,

1998-727: The ongoing Bologna process , graduates with bachelor's degrees from Metropolia are eligible to apply for master's programs at traditional universities. Metropolia takes part in the Finnish Joint Application. After meeting the basic requirements to be admitted to undergraduate studies, international applicants take part in an entrance examination organized by Metropolia. This test is different for each degree, with applicants accepted based on their scores. Applicants may also apply by using SAT results. Minimum scores for each degree may vary but they average around an SAT score of 1250. The Metropolia University of Applied Sciences

2052-658: The only other Futuro currently in a public collection, is in the possession of the WeeGee Exhibition Centre in Espoo, Finland . There are approximately 63 confirmed Futuro Houses in existence across the world. They are in: Australia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Ukraine, Russia, Sweden, South Africa, Taiwan, the United Kingdom and

2106-500: The project—fiberglass-reinforced polyester plastic—was familiar to Suuronen and was previously used in the design of a large plastic dome for the roof of a grain silo in Seinäjoki . To facilitate transport, the house consisted of 16 elements that were bolted together to form the floor and the roof. The project could be constructed on-site, or dismantled and reassembled on-site in two days, or even airlifted in one piece by helicopter to

2160-522: The site rather than assembled on-site. Sinhalese kings of ancient Sri Lanka have used prefabricated buildings technology to erect giant structures, which dates back as far as 2000 years, where some sections were prepared separately and then fitted together, specially in the Kingdom of Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa . After the great Lisbon earthquake of 1755 , the Portuguese capital, especially

2214-417: The site. The only necessity on site for its placement were four concrete piers, so the project could occupy nearly any topography. Due to the integrated polyurethane insulation and electric heating system, the house could be heated to a comfortable temperature in only thirty minutes, from -29 to +16 °C (-20 to +60 °F). An excerpt from a February 1970 copy of Architecture d’aujourd’hui describes "Futuro" as:

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2268-404: The structure is composed of repeating units or forms, or where multiple copies of the same basic structure are being constructed. Prefabrication avoids the need to transport so many skilled workers to the construction site, and other restricting conditions such as a lack of power, lack of water, exposure to harsh weather or a hazardous environment are avoided. Against these advantages must be weighed

2322-427: The structure to be fully habitable. Many surviving structures have been retrofitted to allow for these needs and as a result the form Suuronen intended is compromised. The Futuro House has had many departures from its intended use as a ski chalet. One has been located at South Morang, (Melbourne, Victoria) go kart track for more than 25 years where it has been used as a storage unit at the track. Duncan McIntyre bought

2376-754: The success of projects such as bridges and avalanche galleries , where weather conditions may only allow brief periods of construction. Prefabricated bridge elements and systems offer bridge designers and contractors significant advantages in terms of construction time, safety, environmental impact, constructibility, and cost. Prefabrication can also help minimize the impact on traffic from bridge building. Additionally, small, commonly used structures such as concrete pylons are in most cases prefabricated. Radio towers for mobile phone and other services often consist of multiple prefabricated sections. Modern lattice towers and guyed masts are also commonly assembled of prefabricated elements. Prefabrication has become widely used in

2430-471: The task of integrating these different systems into a construction project is becoming increasingly a "digital" management proposition. The prefabricated construction market is booming. It is growing at an accelerated pace both in more established markets such as North America and Europe and in emerging economies such as the Asia-Pacific region (mainly China and India). Considerable growth is expected in

2484-879: The university in 2011. Two Futuro Houses were transported to Christchurch for the 1974 New Zealand British Commonwealth Games . These structures, referred to as "Space Banks", were used by the Bank of New Zealand as temporary banking structures. Following the games, the Futuro Houses were put up for sale. Futuro Homes in the USA were manufactured by the Futuro Corporation of Philadelphia. Some still stand today and many of these structures existed in New Jersey. At least nine standard Futuro Houses and one Futuro House with eight windows were constructed in New Jersey in

2538-403: The versatility of the home in different locations and an excerpt from a Playboy Magazine advertisement reads, "The FUTURO's steel-legged base is adaptable to virtually any terrain, from flatground to a 20 degree incline ... Ideal for Beach, Skiing, Mountain areas and commercial uses." However, a key limitation to this narrative was the need for electricity and plumbing to be installed in order for

2592-450: The work site, and the installation at the site to form the permanent works at the site. In its fullest sense, off-site fabrication requires a project strategy that will change the orientation of the project process from construction to manufacture to installation. Examples of off-site fabrication are wall panels for homes, wooden truss bridge spans, airport control stations . There are four main categories of off-site fabrication, which

2646-442: Was a product of post-war Finland , reflecting the period's faith in technology, the conquering of space, unprecedented economic growth , and an increase in leisure time. It was designed by Suuronen as a ski cabin that would be "quick to heat and easy to construct in rough terrain". The result was a universally transportable home that had the ability to be mass replicated and situated in almost any environment. The material chosen for

2700-639: Was a roadside attraction on the Outer Banks for many years, though it had fallen into disrepair before being completely destroyed by fire on 19 October 2022. In 1998, Finnish film director Mika Taanila made a short documentary film Futuro  – A New Stance For Tomorrow about the Futuro house. In 1969, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) shot a piece on the first kit shipped to Australia. Prefabrication The most commonly cited definition

2754-504: Was featured on the fourth series of the Channel 4 programme George Clarke's Amazing Spaces (Ep. 2). The Swedish Air Force Museum is restoring a Futuro house. It will be placed in front of the museum at the new playground during May 2021. One Futuro house was found to be biodegrading due to cyanobacteria and archaea . The Futuro home was primarily marketed towards young adults as an avant-garde retreat. Their promotion emphasized

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2808-494: Was followed on a smaller scale by Oxford Rewley Road railway station . During World War II , prefabricated Cargo ships , designed to quickly replace ships sunk by Nazi U-boats became increasingly common. The most ubiquitous of these ships was the American Liberty ship , which reached production of over 2,000 units, averaging 3 per day. The most widely used form of prefabrication in building and civil engineering

2862-538: Was laid in March 1774. By 13 May 1776, the centre of the town had been finished and was officially opened. In 19th century Australia a large number of prefabricated houses were imported from the United Kingdom. The method was widely used in the construction of prefabricated housing in the 20th century, such as in the United Kingdom as temporary housing for thousands of urban families "bombed out" during World War II . Assembling sections in factories saved time on-site and

2916-484: Was shifting their view of plastics from a miracle material to an ecological concern. These problems provide context to the discontinuation of the Futuro House. Fewer than 100 were made and it is estimated that today around 60 of the original Futuro Houses survive, owned mostly by private individuals. The prototype (serial number 000) is in the collection of Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen in Rotterdam . The Futuro no. 001,

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