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42-628: It features a 12-megapixel, 1/1.6" EXR sensor, Fujifilm 's 9th generation of Super CCD , first seen in F200EXR , and uses same body and lens as FinePix S100fs. The main features of the EXR sensor is the new color filter, different from largely used Bayer filter , and pixel binning capability, which it uses to produce higher dynamic range and better sensitivity. Due to the nature of EXR technology, high sensitivity (SN) and high dynamic range (DR) modes produce 6 Megapixel resolution images. The S200EXR has

84-421: A US$ 928 million investment to a Denmark -based biologics production facility, which it acquired from Biogen a year earlier for around US$ 890 million, to double the manufacturing capacity. A tape cartridge using strontium ferrite that could store up to 400 TB was showcased by Fujifilm in the late same month. Fuji Xerox was a joint venture between Fujifilm and Xerox Corporation of North America. After

126-435: A critical role, often then selling the rights to larger companies that have the resources to run the clinical trials. Drug discovery is different from Drug Development. Drug Discovery is often considered the process of identifying new medicine. At the same time, Drug development is delivering a new drug molecule into clinical practice. In its broad definition, this encompasses all steps from the basic research process of finding

168-575: A group of 2245 elderly Americans (average age of 71) surveyed over the period 2010 – 2011, those percentages were 88%, 38%, and 64%. One of the key classifications is between traditional small molecule drugs; usually derived from chemical synthesis and biological medical products ; which include recombinant proteins , vaccines , blood products used therapeutically (such as IVIG ), gene therapy , and cell therapy (for instance, stem cell therapies). Pharmaceuticals or drugs or medicines are classified into various other groups besides their origin on

210-505: A list of essential medicines . A sampling of classes of medicine includes: Pharmaceuticals may also be described as "specialty", independent of other classifications, which is an ill-defined class of drugs that might be difficult to administer, require special handling during administration, require patient monitoring during and immediately after administration, have particular regulatory requirements restricting their use, and are generally expensive relative to other drugs. Drugs affecting

252-452: A process known as reverse pharmacology . Hits from these screens are then tested in cells and then in animals for efficacy . Even more recently, scientists have been able to understand the shape of biological molecules at the atomic level and to use that knowledge to design (see drug design ) drug candidates. Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry , and optimization of those hits to increase

294-411: A process of identifying a new medicine. Development: Chemicals extracted from natural products are used to make pills, capsules, or syrups for oral use. Injections for direct infusion into the blood drops for eyes or ears. Preclinical research : Drugs go under laboratory or animal testing, to ensure that they can be used on Humans. Clinical testing: The drug is used on people to confirm that it

336-499: A suitable molecular target to supporting the drug's commercial launch. Drug development is the process of bringing a new drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery . It includes pre-clinical research (microorganisms/animals) and clinical trials (on humans) and may include the step of obtaining regulatory approval to market the drug. Drug Development Process Discovery: The Drug Development process starts with Discovery,

378-713: A thumb wheel. The S200EXR lost the PC sync socket of the S100FS, but keeps the hot shoe. The lens used on the Fujifilm S200EXR is a variable-aperture zoom. Its widest focal length is 30.5 mm and zooms up to 436 mm (135 format). It is the same lens that was on the Fujifilm S100FS. However, because of the smaller sensor size of the S200EXR (1/1.6" vs 2/3"), its focal length has changed. Its widest aperture

420-737: A type of protection racket bribe, to Yakuza. In retaliation he was murdered in front of his home by Yakuza. In May 1995, Kodak filed a petition with the US Commerce Department under section 301 of the Commerce Act arguing that its poor performance in the Japanese market was a direct result of unfair practices adopted by Fuji. The complaint was lodged by the US with the World Trade Organization. On January 30, 1998,

462-550: A vein , or by drops put into the ear or eye . A medication that does not contain an active ingredient and is used in research studies is called a placebo . In Europe, the term is "medicinal product", and it is defined by EU law as: In the US, a "drug" is: Drug use among elderly Americans has been studied; in a group of 2,377 people with an average age of 71 surveyed between 2005 and 2006, 84% took at least one prescription drug, 44% took at least one over-the-counter (OTC) drug, and 52% took at least one dietary supplement ; in

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504-403: Is F2.8 and closes down to F5.3 at its longest focal length. Unlike other bridge cameras at the time, the S200EXR featured a manual-twist zoom lens similar to that of an actual DSLR. The lens also features optical image stabilization (estimated 2-stop effectiveness). The lens features a fly-by-wire focus ring which is situated closest to the camera's body. It can be used in manual-focus mode with

546-528: Is a Fujifilm subsidiary in Mexico that sells Fujifilm products since 1934 and has been recognized as one of The Best Mexican Companies (Las Mejores Empresas Mexicanas) from 2012 to 2015, a recognition promoted by Banamex , Deloitte México and Tecnológico de Monterrey . Fujifilm is active in pharmaceutical products and contract manufacturing through its subsidiaries including Fujifilm Toyama Chemical, Fujifilm Diosynth Biotechnologies , etc. As of July 2020,

588-504: Is a medicine or a chemical compound used to treat or cure illness. According to Encyclopædia Britannica , medication is "a substance used in treating a disease or relieving pain ". As defined by the National Cancer Institute , dosage forms of medication can include tablets , capsules , liquids, creams , and patches. Medications can be administered in different ways, such as by mouth , by infusion into

630-509: Is an important part of the medical field and relies on the science of pharmacology for continual advancement and on pharmacy for appropriate management. Drugs are classified in many ways. One of the key divisions is by level of control , which distinguishes prescription drugs (those that a pharmacist dispenses only on the order of a physician, physician assistant , or qualified nurse ) from over-the-counter drugs (those that consumers can order for themselves). Another key distinction

672-511: Is between traditional small molecule drugs, usually derived from chemical synthesis , and biopharmaceuticals , which include recombinant proteins , vaccines , blood products used therapeutically (such as IVIG ), gene therapy , monoclonal antibodies and cell therapy (for instance, stem cell therapies). Other ways to classify medicines are by mode of action, route of administration , biological system affected, or therapeutic effects . An elaborate and widely used classification system

714-406: Is memory available and battery power. The owners manual states that the camera can be awakened from sleep by pressing the "play" button for about a second. This is false. Annoyingly, the camera must be turned off and then on again. The EXR sensor in the S200EXR, as well as other EXR sensor cameras exhibit strange artifacts in 12 MP High Resolution Priority mode. This is due to having two of

756-508: Is part of the Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group financial conglomerate ( keiretsu ). Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. was established in 1934 as a subsidiary of Daicel producing photographic films . In the 1940s, Fuji Photo entered the optical glasses, lenses and equipment markets. In 1962, Fuji Photo and UK-based Rank Xerox Limited (now Xerox Limited) launched Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. through a joint venture. From

798-485: Is safe to use. FDA Review: drug is sent to FDA before launching the drug into the market. FDA post-Market Review: The drug is reviewed and monitored by FDA for the safety once it is available to the public. The regulation of drugs varies by jurisdiction. In some countries, such as the United States, they are regulated at the national level by a single agency. In other jurisdictions, they are regulated at

840-523: Is still a lengthy, "expensive, difficult, and inefficient process" with a low rate of new therapeutic discovery. In 2010, the research and development cost of each new molecular entity (NME) was approximately US$ 1.8 billion. Drug discovery is done by pharmaceutical companies, sometimes with research assistance from universities. The "final product" of drug discovery is a patent on the potential drug. The drug requires very expensive Phase I, II, and III clinical trials, and most of them fail. Small companies have

882-798: Is the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System . The World Health Organization keeps a list of essential medicines . Drug discovery and drug development are complex and expensive endeavors undertaken by pharmaceutical companies , academic scientists, and governments. As a result of this complex path from discovery to commercialization, partnering has become a standard practice for advancing drug candidates through development pipelines. Governments generally regulate what drugs can be marketed, how drugs are marketed , and in some jurisdictions, drug pricing . Controversies have arisen over drug pricing and disposal of used Medicine . Medication

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924-406: Is used for euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide . Euthanasia is not permitted by law in many countries, and consequently, medicines will not be licensed for this use in those countries. A single drug may contain single or multiple active ingredients . The administration is the process by which a patient takes medicine. There are three major categories of drug administration: enteral (via

966-469: Is used per day (e.g., four times a day). It may include event-related information (e.g., 1 hour before meals, in the morning, at bedtime), or complimentary to an interval, although equivalent expressions may have different implications (e.g., every 8 hours versus 3 times a day). In the fields of medicine, biotechnology , and pharmacology , drug discovery is the process by which new drugs are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered by identifying

1008-506: The affinity , selectivity (to reduce the potential of side effects), efficacy/ potency , metabolic stability (to increase the half-life ), and oral bioavailability . Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, it will begin the process of drug development prior to clinical trials . One or more of these steps may, but not necessarily, involve computer-aided drug design . Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery

1050-3535: The central nervous system include psychedelics , hypnotics , anaesthetics , antipsychotics , eugeroics , antidepressants (including tricyclic antidepressants , monoamine oxidase inhibitors , lithium salts , and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)), antiemetics , anticonvulsants /antiepileptics, anxiolytics , barbiturates , movement disorder (e.g., Parkinson's disease ) drugs, nootropics , stimulants (including amphetamines ), benzodiazepines , cyclopyrrolones , dopamine antagonists , antihistamines , cholinergics , anticholinergics , emetics , cannabinoids , and 5-HT (serotonin) antagonists . The main classes of painkillers are NSAIDs , opioids , and local anesthetics . For consciousness (anesthetic drugs) Some anesthetics include benzodiazepines and barbiturates . The main categories of drugs for musculoskeletal disorders are: NSAIDs (including COX-2 selective inhibitors ), muscle relaxants , neuromuscular drugs , and anticholinesterases . Antibiotics , sympathomimetics , antihistamines , anticholinergics , NSAIDs , corticosteroids , antiseptics , local anesthetics , antifungals , and cerumenolytics. Bronchodilators , antitussives , mucolytics , decongestants , inhaled and systemic corticosteroids , beta2-adrenergic agonists , anticholinergics , mast cell stabilizers , leukotriene antagonists . Androgens , antiandrogens , estrogens , gonadotropin , corticosteroids , human growth hormone , insulin , antidiabetics ( sulfonylureas , biguanides / metformin , thiazolidinediones , insulin ), thyroid hormones , antithyroid drugs, calcitonin , diphosphonate , vasopressin analogues . Antifungal , alkalinizing agents , quinolones , antibiotics , cholinergics , anticholinergics , antispasmodics , 5-alpha reductase inhibitor , selective alpha-1 blockers , sildenafils , fertility medications . NSAIDs , anticholinergics , haemostatic drugs , antifibrinolytics , Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), bone regulators, beta-receptor agonists , follicle stimulating hormone , luteinising hormone , LHRH , gamolenic acid , gonadotropin release inhibitor , progestogen , dopamine agonists , oestrogen , prostaglandins , gonadorelin , clomiphene , tamoxifen , diethylstilbestrol . Emollients , anti-pruritics , antifungals , antiseptics , scabicides , pediculicides , tar products, vitamin A derivatives , vitamin D analogues , keratolytics , abrasives , systemic antibiotics , topical antibiotics , hormones , desloughing agents, exudate absorbents, fibrinolytics , proteolytics , sunscreens , antiperspirants , corticosteroids , immune modulators. Antibiotics , antifungals , antileprotics , antituberculous drugs , antimalarials , anthelmintics , amoebicides , antivirals , antiprotozoals , probiotics, prebiotics, antitoxins , and antivenoms. Vaccines , immunoglobulins , immunosuppressants , interferons , and monoclonal antibodies . Anti-allergics , antihistamines , NSAIDs , corticosteroids . Tonics, electrolytes and mineral preparations (including iron preparations and magnesium preparations ), parenteral nutrition , vitamins , anti-obesity drugs , anabolic drugs , haematopoietic drugs, food product drugs. Cytotoxic drugs , therapeutic antibodies , sex hormones , aromatase inhibitors , somatostatin inhibitors, recombinant interleukins , G-CSF , erythropoietin . Contrast media . A euthanaticum

1092-410: The human gastrointestinal tract ), injection into the body, and by other routes ( dermal , nasal , ophthalmic , otologic , and urogenital ). Oral administration , the most common form of enteral administration, can be performed using various dosage forms including tablets or capsules and liquid such as syrup or suspension. Other ways to take the medication include buccally (placed inside

1134-460: The 57-year-old joint venture, Fuji Xerox. In December 2019, Fujifilm acquired Hitachi 's diagnostic imaging business for US$ 1.63 billion. Amid the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic , one of Fujifilm Toyama Chemical drugs, i.e. favipiravir , an antiviral commercially named Avigan, is being considered as a possible treatment for the virus, after having been approved by China, Russia, and Indonesia authorities by June 2020. In June 2020, Fujifilm announced

1176-528: The FCR brand. Like its rival Eastman Kodak which dominated in the US, Fuji Photo enjoyed a longtime near-monopoly on camera film in Japan. Fuji increased market share in the US by becoming one of the title sponsors of the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics , offering cheaper camera film, and establishing a film factory in the US. In 1994 vice president Juntarō Suzuki announced that the company would halt paying sōkaiya ,

1218-555: The Fujifilm Group has two operating companies, which encompass more than 300 subsidiaries in total, and three "shared services companies" under the umbrella. The group structure and a list of some Fujifilm subsidiaries are the following: Medication A medication (also called medicament , medicine , pharmaceutical drug , medicinal drug or simply drug ) is a drug used to diagnose , cure , treat, or prevent disease. Drug therapy ( pharmacotherapy )

1260-509: The Super CCD structure and interpolation needed to make the honeycomb layout into a normal square layout. Fujifilm Fujifilm Holdings Corporation ( 富士フイルムホールディングス株式会社 , Fuji-fuirumu Hōrudingusu kabushiki gaisha ) , trading as Fujifilm ( 富士フイルム , Fuji-fuirumu ) , or simply Fuji , is a Japanese multinational conglomerate headquartered in Tokyo , Japan , operating in

1302-517: The WTO announced a "sweeping rejection of Kodak's complaints" about the film market in Japan. In March 2006, Noritsu and Fuji announced a strategic alliance for Noritsu to manufacture all of Fuji's photofinishing hardware, such as minilabs . Each company produces its own software for the minilabs. On September 19, 2006, Fujifilm announced plans to establish a holding company , Fujifilm Holdings Corp. Fujifilm and Fuji Xerox would become subsidiaries of

Fujifilm FinePix S200EXR - Misplaced Pages Continue

1344-643: The active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Later chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules , natural products , or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology . Since sequencing of the human genome which allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high throughput screening of large compound libraries against isolated biological targets which are hypothesized to be disease-modifying in

1386-634: The areas of photography , optics , office and medical electronics , biotechnology , and chemicals . The company started as a manufacturer of photographic films , which it still produces. Fujifilm products include document solutions, medical imaging and diagnostics equipment, cosmetics, pharmaceutical drugs , regenerative medicine , stem cells , biologics manufacturing , magnetic tape data storage , optical films for flat-panel displays , optical devices , photocopiers, printers, digital cameras, color films , color paper, photofinishing and graphic arts equipment and materials. Fujifilm

1428-655: The assist of an focus scale in the viewfinder. The lens can focus as close as 1 cm in Super Macro Mode. The S200EXR is powered by a proprietary lithium-ion battery which is supplied with the camera as well as a neck strap and lens cap. Optional accessories were a bayonet-type lens hood with an opening for turning polarized filters, an AC power adapter, and remote release. The S200EXR can record video at an maximum resolution of 640×480 at 30 fps with mono sound in .avi format. Focus and zoom can be adjusted whilst recording. The camera can record as long as there

1470-399: The basis of pharmacological properties like mode of action and their pharmacological action or activity, such as by chemical properties , mode or route of administration , biological system affected, or therapeutic effects . An elaborate and widely used classification system is the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System (ATC system). The World Health Organization keeps

1512-400: The cheek), sublingually (placed underneath the tongue), eye and ear drops (dropped into the eye or ear), and transdermally (applied to the skin). They can be administered in one dose, as a bolus . Administration frequencies are often abbreviated from Latin, such as every 8 hours reading Q8H from Quaque VIII Hora . The drug frequencies are often expressed as the number of times a drug

1554-457: The dissolution of their partnership in 2019, Fujifilm made it a wholly owned subsidiary. In January 2020, the corporate name change was announced, from Fuji Xerox to Fujifilm Business Innovation Corporation, effective on April 1, 2021. Fujifilm bought Sericol Ltd., a UK-based printing ink company specializing in screen, narrow web, and digital print technologies in March 2005. Fujifilm de México

1596-596: The holding company. A representative of the company reconfirmed its commitment to film, which accounts for 3% of sales. On January 31, 2018, Fujifilm announced that it would acquire a 50.1% controlling stake in Xerox for US$ 6.1 billion, which will be amalgamated into its existing Fuji Xerox business. The deal was subsequently dropped after intervention by activist investors Carl Icahn and Darwin Deason . In late 2019, Fujifilm announced its acquisition of Xerox's 25% stake in

1638-519: The mid-1950s, Fuji Photo began establishing overseas sales bases. In the 1980s, the company expanded its production and other operations internationally. During this period, Fuji Photo developed digital technologies for its photography, medical, and printing sectors. This led to the invention of computed radiography (CR), which addressed several problems associated with traditional radiography, including reducing radiation exposure for both technicians and patients. Fujifilm's systems were marketed and sold under

1680-540: The same color filters next to each other. CCD-RAW files that were shot in EXR-DR Priority and EXR-SN Priority modes are extremely large for a 6-megapixel output. Some file sizes exceed 20 MB. This is due to having two separate images recorded onto a single file. An example would be a highlight image and the shadow image recoded onto the same raw file that was shot in EXR-DR mode. Other reasons may be due to

1722-571: The shape and size of a small DSLR, but with a fixed lens. However, unlike a DSLR, the S200EXR features an 0.2-inch, 200,000-dot FLCD color electronic viewfinder. Framerate of the viewfinder can be adjust in the menu system from 30 fps to 50 fps (half-pressed shutter only). The rear LCD screen of the S200EXR is a conventional non-rotating, non-articulating 2.7-inch 230,000-dot panel. The S200EXR's controls are very similar to that of an actual DSLR with buttons for exposure compensation, ISO, focus and metering modes, and knobs for exposure modes and

Fujifilm FinePix S200EXR - Misplaced Pages Continue

1764-521: The state level, or at both state and national levels by various bodies, as is the case in Australia. The role of therapeutic goods regulation is designed mainly to protect the health and safety of the population. Regulation is aimed at ensuring the safety, quality, and efficacy of the therapeutic goods which are covered under the scope of the regulation. In most jurisdictions, therapeutic goods must be registered before they are allowed to be marketed. There

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