72-711: The Fukuhaku-kai ( 福博会 ) is a yakuza organization based in Fukuoka on the Kyushu island of Japan . The Fukuhaku-kai is a designated yakuza group with an estimated membership of 70. The Fukuhaku-kai was registered as a designated yakuza organization under the Organized Crime Countermeasures Law in 2000. The Fukuhaku-kai is one of the five independent designated yakuza syndicates based in Fukuoka Prefecture , along with
144-482: A bet on. They may choose to bet on multiple tableaus. A tableau may have multiple bets from different players, so the players should keep track of their individual bets. The dealer then places one card face-down from right-to-left on each tableau. The players are shown the card before it is placed if they had made a bet on its tableau. The players now consider their tableaus' point values to determine whether to be dealt one more card face-up. However, this also depends on
216-405: A game. A combination of 2 and 1. If you draw a third card, it is invalid. This yaku is more advantageous for players as they are able to choose which cards to bet on, so this yaku is rarely used. A combination of 4 and 10. A combination of 4 and 6. [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Tsuru Yaku A combination of two of the same cards (i.e. a pair). A pair of 1's is worth 1 Zoro, a pair of 9's
288-551: A large portion of their members hold criminal records. After the Act on Prevention of Unjust Acts by Organized Crime Group Members was enacted, many yakuza syndicates made efforts to restructure to appear more professional and legitimate. As of 2023, Under the Act on Prevention of Unjust Acts by Organized Crime Group Members, the Prefectural Public Safety Commissions have registered 25 syndicates as
360-485: A peak of 184,100. However, this number has drastically dropped, a decline attributed to changing market opportunities and several legal and social developments in Japan that discourage the growth of yakuza membership. In 1991, it had 63,800 members and 27,200 quasi-members, but by 2023 it had only 10,400 members and 10,000 quasi-members. The yakuza are aging because young people do not readily join, and their average age at
432-598: A reputation for being a large source of yakuza members, including many renowned bosses in the Yamaguchi-gumi . Isokichi Yoshida (1867–1936) from the Kitakyushu area was considered by some scholars and political watchers as one of the first renowned modern yakuza. Recently Shinobu Tsukasa and Kunio Inoue, the bosses of the two most powerful clans in the Yamaguchi-gumi, originate from Kyushu. Fukuoka ,
504-457: A stall assignment and protection during the fair. The tekiya were a highly structured and hierarchical group with the oyabun (boss) at the top and kobun (gang members) at the bottom. This hierarchy resembles a structure similar to the family – in traditional Japanese culture , the oyabun was often regarded as a surrogate father, and the kobun as surrogate children. During the Edo period,
576-419: A third card. After the decision, all face-down cards are revealed so that a winner for each tableau can be determined. If the dealer wins, they will collect all points bet on the tableaus that they've won. Likewise, if the player wins, they will collect from the dealer the amount that they bet. If both the dealer and player have the same value, it is a draw, but there is a rule that states the dealer wins . There
648-475: A unique form of Japanese extortion known as sōkaiya . In essence, this is a specialized form of protection racket . Instead of harassing small businesses, the Yakuza harass a stockholders' meeting of a larger corporation. Yakuza operatives obtain the right to attend by making a small purchase of stock, and then at the meeting physically intimidate other stockholders. The number of sōkaiya has decreased over
720-406: A value of 1 or 4. When both dealer and players have Arashi, one of the following is used (major change from top to bottom): When the player has a 4 and a 6, they can choose to drop out instead of choosing to draw the third card. This is called "Shiroku no nige" (シロクの逃げ, "4-6's escape"). A dealer's kuppin is an unconditional win for the dealer. If the player plays three 10's, the game with
792-515: Is a "particularly harmful" yakuza group registered by the Prefectural Public Safety Commissions under the Act on Prevention of Unjust Acts by Organized Crime Group Members ( 暴力団対策法 , Bōryokudan Taisaku Hō ) enacted in 1991. Groups are designated as Shitei Bōryokudan (designated yakuza) if their members take advantage of the gang's influence to do business, are structured to have one leader, and have
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#1732772344693864-423: Is a score of 0. If the three cards drawn are 8-9-3 (pronounced ya-ku-sa in archaic Japanese), the sum is 20 and therefore the score is zero, making one of the worst possible hands that can be drawn. In Japanese , the word yakuza is commonly written in katakana (ヤクザ). Despite uncertainty about the single origin of yakuza organizations, most modern yakuza derive from two social classifications which emerged in
936-414: Is also a rule where the dealer wins if the dealer and player end up in value 0. The dealer is replaced when: A "Yaku" (役) is a specific combination of cards with a predetermined value, similar to the yaku in riichi mahjong . If the dealer's first two cards are 9 and 1, the dealer wins unconditionally, because the number 9 is related to "Ku" (苦, "suffering"). Some rules say the order does not matter and
1008-480: Is important to note that unique local rules may be adopted. Regardless of the total number of the second card, the players can request a third card. Therefore, the player may attempt to get an Arashi for numbers 4 and 9. Shippin only applies to the players, not the dealer (in which the value stays as 5). The ranking of the Yaku (from strongest to weakest) is thus: In theory, the players should bet on tableaus with
1080-857: Is often blamed on real estate speculation by banking subsidiaries. After the collapse of the property bubble, a manager of a major bank in Nagoya was assassinated, prompting much speculation about the banking industry's indirect connection to the Japanese underworld. In 1989, Susumu Ishii, the Oyabun of the Inagawa-kai (a well-known yakuza group) bought US$ 255 million worth of Tokyo Kyuko Electric Railway 's stock. Japan's Securities and Exchange Surveillance Commission has knowledge of more than 50 listed companies with ties to organized crime, and in March 2008,
1152-457: Is one of the few times that yakuza display their tattoos to others, as they normally keep them concealed in public with long-sleeved and high-necked shirts. When new members join, they are often required to remove their trousers as well and reveal any lower body tattoos. The total number of yakuza members and quasi-members peaked at 184,100 in 1963, and then continued to decline due to police crackdowns. The number of regular members decreased with
1224-476: Is typically played with special kabufuda cards. A hanafuda deck can also be used, if the last two months are discarded, and Western playing cards can be used if the face cards are removed from the deck and aces are counted as one . "Oicho-Kabu" derived from Portuguese "Oito-Cabo," which in English means "Eight-End." As in baccarat, this game also has a dealer, whom the players try to beat. The goal of
1296-521: Is used in the Yakuza's mini-game version of Oicho-Kabu. The yaku is applicable for players only. If the face-down middle card in the tableau is sandwiched between two 1's, the players declare Pin scissors, and the dealer unconditionally gives them the number sandwiched between the pins times the number of points bet (i.e. the dealer unconditionally loses). In the Kansai region , centered around Osaka , it
1368-456: Is weak, but it can beat Zoro without question. A combination of 4 and 9. This hand is weak in itself, but can be set to win against some hands. A combination of 1 and 10. There are rules that require the order 10 first before 1 to be valid. This has a low adoption rate among the local yakus. Nobori is when the three cards are consecutive ascending numbers. Kudari is when the three cards are consecutive descending numbers. Sequences do not turn
1440-401: Is worth 9 Zoro, and so forth. If both the dealer and the players have a Zoro, then the one with the larger Zoro value wins. Note that the 9 Zoro is the strongest and the 10 Zoro is considered the weakest. Sometimes only two 2's (called Tsuru, ツル) and two 5's (called Gogo, ゴゴ) are used. This yaku is rarely used because it tends to give the players an advantage. A combination of 7 and 3. This hand
1512-822: The Dojin-kai , are heavily involved in it. The most common charge for yakuza and their associates arrested in 2014 was violation of the Stimulants Control Act ( 覚せい剤取締法 ) , which prohibits the import, export, sale, transfer, possession, and use of methamphetamine, accounting for 26.5 percent of arrests. Some yakuza groups are known to deal extensively in human trafficking . In the Philippines Yakuza trick girls from impoverished villages into coming to Japan by promising them respectable jobs with good wages. Instead, they are forced into becoming sex workers and strippers. Yakuza frequently engaged in
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#17327723446931584-473: The Japanese government aimed at impeding revenue and increasing liability for criminal activities. The name yakuza originates from the traditional Japanese card game Oicho-Kabu , a game in which the goal is to draw three cards adding up to a score of 9. If the sum of the cards is 10 or more, the second digit is the score. So a sum of 13 is a score of 3, a sum of 14 is a score of 4, etc. A sum of 10 or 20
1656-787: The Kudo-kai , the Taishu-kai , the Dojin-kai and the Kyushu Seido-kai . These northern-Kyushu based organizations, excluding the Kyushu Seido-kai, have formed an anti- Yamaguchi-gumi fraternal federation known as the Yonsha-kai. The Fukuhaku-kai has never been a member of this federation, however has caused at least one conflict with the Yamaguchi-gumi, which involved firearms, in 2004. The Fukuhaku-kai has been in conflict with four different Yamaguchi-affiliates over
1728-496: The Osaka Securities Exchange decided to review all listed companies and expel those with yakuza ties. Yakuza involvement in politics functions similarly to that of a lobbying group , with them backing those who share in their opinions or beliefs. In the wake of the 1995 Kobe earthquake , the Yamaguchi-gumi yakuza group, who are based in the area, mobilized to provide disaster relief services (including
1800-751: The Philippines (10%). In 1990, a Smith & Wesson .38 caliber revolver that cost $ 275 in the US could sell for up to $ 4,000 in Tokyo. In 2001, the FBI's representative in Tokyo arranged for Tadamasa Goto , the head of the group Goto-gumi , to receive a liver transplant at the UCLA Medical Center in the United States, in return for information of Yamaguchi-gumi operations in the US. This
1872-475: The San Francisco Bay Area , as well as Seattle , Las Vegas , Arizona , Virginia , Chicago , and New York City . The yakuza are said to use Hawaii as a midway station between Japan and mainland America, smuggling methamphetamine into the country and smuggling firearms back to Japan. They easily fit into the local population, since many tourists from Japan and other Asian countries visit
1944-432: The kobun of the subsidiary organizations also become oyabun and run their own subsidiary organizations. A large yakuza organization such as Yamaguchi-gumi is made up of five or six layered organizations. In other words, the heads of subsidiary organizations are often executives of the parent organizations. The oyabun of the organization is generally called a kumichō ( 組長 ) or kaichō ( 会長 , chairman) ,
2016-417: The kumichō ) , and shateigashira ( 舎弟頭 , pseudo oldest younger brother of the kumichō ) . Honbuchō ( 本部長 , general manager) , fuku-kumichō ( 副組長 , deputy kumichō ) , and jimukyokuchō ( 事務局長 , secretary general) , are also important positions. In general, the shikkōbu ( 執行部 , executive office) of an organization is run by the wakagashira , shateigashira , and honbuchō . Since
2088-415: The shatei are the pseudo-younger brothers of the kumichō , they are generally older and have higher nominal positions but relatively little real authority. In the Yamaguchi-gumi pecking order as of 2024, the order is kumichō , wakagashira , shateigashira , and honbuchō . Yakuza groups are headed by an oyabun ( kumichō or kaichō ) who gives orders to his subordinates, the kobun . In this respect,
2160-406: The "domae" (胴前) which is the maximum number of points they can bet on. Note that this is the maximum limit for the total bets of all the players. For example, if the domoe is 50 points, Player A bets 25 points, Player B bets 15 points, and Player C bets 10 points, then Player D is not allowed to bet since the total is now 50 points. The dealer is determined by having all players flip over a card from
2232-557: The Kansai region but also in the Chugoku and Shikoku regions. This rule is quite disadvantageous to the players, so it has almost disappeared nowadays. It is very rare to see people born before the war playing, so it can be said that it is a rule that is disappearing with the times. There is also a rule that if three or more cards on the table are the same number, the dealer must re-deal the cards. This gambling -related article
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2304-444: The best-known bosses of the Yamaguchi-gumi was Kazuo Taoka , the "Godfather of all Godfathers", who was responsible for the syndicate's massive growth and success during the 20th century. "Yamabishi" (山菱) In the 2010s and 2020s, the yakuza's main source of funding is a fraud called tokushu sagi ( 特殊詐欺 , special fraud) , which mainly targets the elderly to cheat them out of large amounts of money. Their methods include calling
2376-458: The combination becomes invalid if a third card is drawn, whereas others say the 9 must be the first card before 1. If the player's first two cards are 4 and 1, the player wins unconditionally, because the number 4 is related to "Shi" (死, "death"). Some rules say the order does not matter and the combination becomes invalid if a third card is drawn, whereas others say the 4 must be the first card before 1. If both Kuppin and Shippin occurs during
2448-596: The concessions of Nakasu , the largest red-light district in Kyushu, and also with the Dojin-kai and Kudo-kai over their attempts to enter the same territory. Yakuza Yakuza ( Japanese : ヤクザ , IPA: [jaꜜkɯdza] ; English: / j ə ˈ k uː z ə , ˈ j æ k uː z ə / ) , also known as gokudō ( 極道 , "the extreme path", IPA: [gokɯꜜdoː] ) , are members of transnational organized crime syndicates originating in Japan. The Japanese police and media (by request of
2520-521: The constant stream of Vietnamese cafe shoot-outs and home invasion burglaries throughout the 1980s and early 1990s. In New York City, they appear to collect finder's fees from Russian, Irish and Italian gang members and businessmen for guiding Japanese tourists to gambling establishments, both legal and illegal. Handguns manufactured in the US account for a large share (33%) of handguns seized in Japan, followed by handguns manufactured in China (16%) and in
2592-402: The corner . For example, the combination 9, 10, and 1, is invalid. If both the dealer and players have this yaku, then the one with the larger number in the ones digit of the total value wins. In other words, the combination 2, 3, and 4 (4, 3, and 2 in the case of Kudari) is the strongest. This is relatively common among the local yakus. A combination of 3, 7, and 10. The order doesn't matter. It
2664-415: The dealer will be an unconditional draw. If the dealer plays three 10's, the game itself will be invalid. If the player plays two 10's, it is just a value of 0. When the dealer is dissatisfied with the cards they were dealt, they can unconditionally redeal the cards for everyone. This is called "Minso" (ミンソ). This must be announced before the players makes their bets. This rule is found not only in
2736-415: The deck. The person closest to 9 will be the dealer. If there is a tie, another card is flipped. The dealer should sit facing the other players. The dealer shuffles the cards, and a player is given the opportunity to cut. Four cards are placed face-up on the table from right-to-left of the dealer to form four tableaus. The dealer gives themself one card face-down. The players can choose any tableau to place
2808-620: The designated yakuza groups. Three of these organizations have more than 1,000 regular members, eight have more than 100, and 14 have less than 100. Fukuoka Prefecture has the largest number of designated yakuza groups among all of the prefectures, at 5; the Kudo-kai , the Taishu-kai , the Fukuhaku-kai , the Dojin-kai , and the Namikawa-kai . In August 2021, the Fukuoka District Court sentenced Satoru Nomura ,
2880-586: The designated yakuza. These six organizations have a total of 7,700 members and 6,800 quasi-members, for a total of 14,500 members, or 71.1 percent of the total 20,400 yakuza members and quasi-members in Japan. Kobe Yamaguchi-gumi split off from Yamaguchi-gumi in August 2015, Kizuna-kai split off from Kobe Yamaguchi-gumi in April 2017, and Ikeda-gumi split off from Kobe Yamaguchi-gumi in July 2020. These Yamaguchi-gumi and
2952-402: The economic situation during the mid-Edo period and the predominance of the merchant class, developing yakuza groups were composed of misfits and delinquents who had joined or formed the groups to extort customers in local markets by selling fake or shoddy goods. Shimizu Jirocho (1820–1893) is Japan's most famous yakuza and folk hero. He was born Chogoro Yamamoto, but changed his name when he
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3024-400: The edges of towns and villages all over Japan. Most of these gambling houses ran loan-sharking businesses for clients, and they usually maintained their own security personnel. Society at large regarded the gambling houses themselves, as well as the bakuto , with disdain. Much of the undesirable image of the yakuza originates from bakuto ; this includes the name yakuza itself. Because of
3096-520: The end of 2022 was 54.2 years: 5.4% in their 20s, 12.9% in their 30s, 26.3% in their 40s, 30.8% in their 50s, 12.5% in their 60s, and 11.6% in their 70s or older, with more than half of the members in their 50s or older. The yakuza still regularly engage in an array of criminal activities, and many Japanese citizens remain fearful of the threat these individuals pose to their safety. There remains no strict prohibition on yakuza membership in Japan today, although many pieces of legislation have been passed by
3168-647: The fifth head of Kudo-kai , to death for murder and attempted murder. This was the first death sentence handed down to a designated yakuza head. Kudo-kai is the only one of the designated yakuza to be designated as a especially dangerous designated yakuza ( 特定危険指定暴力団 , Tokutei Kiken Shitei Bōryokudan ) , a more dangerous type of yakuza. As of 2023, the National Police Agency has designated Yamaguchi-gumi , Kobe Yamaguchi-gumi , Kizuna-kai , Ikeda-gumi ( ja ), Sumiyoshi-kai , and Inagawa-kai as Shuyō dantai ( 主要団体 , major organizations) among
3240-462: The game is to reach 9. As in Baccarat the last digit of any total over 10 makes your hand: a 15 counts as 5, a 12 as 2, and a 20 as 0. The worst hands in oicho-kabu have a value of 0. One of these worst hands is an eight, a nine and a three, phonetically expressed as "ya-kyu-san". This is the origin of the Japanese word for "gangster," yakuza . Before the game starts, the players decide on
3312-401: The government formally recognized the tekiya . At this time, within the tekiya , the oyabun were appointed as supervisors and granted near- samurai status, meaning they were allowed the dignity of a surname and two swords. Bakuto (gamblers) had a much lower social standing even than traders, as gambling was illegal. Many small gambling houses cropped up in abandoned temples or shrines at
3384-557: The homes of elderly people to beg for money by pretending to be the elderly person's son, or visiting the homes of elderly people posing as employees of financial institutions to swindle them out of their money. In 2014, tokushu sagi accounted for 10.4 percent of all yakuza arrests, surpassing theft for the first time at 10.2 percent, and 34.6 percent of tokushu sagi perpetrators were yakuza and their associates. The total damage from tokushu sagi identified in 2019 exceeded 30 billion yen, and while yakuza accounted for just over 10 percent of
3456-582: The implementation of the Act on Prevention of Unjust Acts by Organized Crime Group Members ( 暴力団員による不当な行為の防止等に関する法律 ) in 1992, and the total number of members and quasi-members began to decline rapidly with the implementation of the yakuza exclusion ordinances in all 47 prefectures around 2010. Between 1990 and 2020, the total number of members and quasi-members decreased by 70 percent. The National Police Agency reported that Japanese yakuza organizations had 10,400 members and 10,000 quasi-members in 2023. A designated yakuza ( 指定暴力団 , Shitei Bōryokudan )
3528-415: The ink is inserted beneath the skin using non-electrical, hand-made, and handheld tools with needles of sharpened bamboo or steel. The procedure is expensive and painful, and can take years to complete. When yakuza play Oicho-Kabu cards with each other, they often remove their shirts or open them up and drape them around their waists. This enables them to display their full-body tattoos to each other. This
3600-399: The islands on a regular basis, and there is a large population of residents who are of full or partial Japanese descent. They also work with local gangs, funneling Japanese tourists to gambling parlors and brothels. In California, the yakuza have made alliances with local Korean gangs as well as Chinese triads and Vietnamese gangs. The yakuza identified these gangs as useful partners due to
3672-400: The left little finger. Members are often portrayed as males with heavily tattooed bodies and wearing fundoshi , sometimes with a kimono or, in more recent years, a Western-style "sharp" suit covering them. At their height, the yakuza maintained a large presence in the Japanese media , and they also operated internationally . In 1963, the number of yakuza members and quasi-members reached
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#17327723446933744-488: The little finger and moving up the hand to the index finger progressively weakens a person's sword grip. The idea is that a person with a weak sword grip then has to rely more on the group for protection—reducing individual action. In recent years, prosthetic fingertips have been developed to disguise this distinctive appearance. Many yakuza have full-body tattoos (including their genitalia ). These tattoos, known as irezumi in Japan, are still often "hand-poked", that is,
3816-479: The lowest level members of criminal groups, such as cash receivers who play the role of financial institution employees, yakuza accounted for nearly 40 percent of the main perpetrators leading fraud schemes. The yakuza and its affiliated gangs control drug trafficking in Japan, especially methamphetamine . While many yakuza syndicates, notably the Yamaguchi-gumi , officially forbid their members from engaging in drug trafficking , some other yakuza syndicates, like
3888-604: The mid- Edo period (1603–1868): tekiya , those who primarily peddled illicit , stolen or shoddy goods; and bakuto , those who were involved in or participated in gambling . Tekiya (peddlers) ranked as one of the lowest social groups during the Edo period. As they began to form organizations of their own, they took over some administrative duties relating to commerce, such as stall allocation and protection of their commercial activities. During Shinto festivals , these peddlers opened stalls and some members were hired to act as security. Each peddler paid rent in exchange for
3960-408: The northernmost part of the island, has the largest number of designated syndicates among all of the prefectures. During the formation of the yakuza, they adopted the traditional Japanese hierarchical structure of oyabun-kobun where kobun (子分; lit. foster child) owe their allegiance to the oyabun ( 親分 , lit. foster parent) . In a much later period, the code of jingi ( 仁義 , justice and duty)
4032-440: The organization is a variation of the traditional Japanese senpai - kōhai (senior-junior) model. Members of yakuza cut their real family ties and transfer their loyalty to the oyabun . They refer to each other as family members— oyaji ( 親父 , fathers) , ojiki ( 叔父貴 , uncles) , and kyōdai ( 兄弟 , elder and younger brothers) . The yakuza is populated almost entirely by men and the very few women who are acknowledged are
4104-427: The oyabun if he wants to spare a member of his own gang from further retaliation. This practice has started to wane amongst the younger members, due to it being an easy identifier for police. Its origin stems from the traditional way of holding a Japanese sword . The bottom three fingers of each hand are used to grip the sword tightly, with the thumb and index fingers slightly loose. The removal of digits starting with
4176-429: The person corresponding to pseudo younger brother of the kumichō is called a shatei ( 舎弟 ) , and the person corresponding to pseudo child of the kumichō ( kobun ) is called a wakanaka ( 若中 ) or wakashū ( 若衆 ) . Although positions in yakuza organizations vary from clan to clan, the three most important yakuza positions are kumichō , wakagashira ( 若頭 , second-in-command and pseudo eldest son of
4248-471: The players have Arashi, then the one with the larger total value wins. That is, the strongest combination is three 3 cards. This combination is called Arashi-Kabu (アラシカブ) or the Great Arashi (オオアラシ) and can win five times as much instead of three. The following yaku are only used in some regions and in some games. Players should agree upon which yakus (if any) are valid and their rankings before starting
4320-547: The police) call them bōryokudan ( 暴力団 , "violent groups", IPA: [boːɾʲokɯꜜdaɴ] ) , while the yakuza call themselves ninkyō dantai ( 任侠団体 , "chivalrous organizations", IPA: [ɲiŋkʲoː dantai] ) . The English equivalent for the term yakuza is gangster , meaning an individual involved in a Mafia -like criminal organization. The yakuza are known for their strict codes of conduct, their organized fiefdom nature, and several unconventional ritual practices such as yubitsume , or amputation of
4392-462: The same round, then Kuppin takes precedence. If all three cards in a tableau are the same number (i.e. three-of-a-kind), the player wins triple the amount bet. The player wins this even against the dealer's Kuppin or Shippin. If the dealer gets three-of-a-kind, then the players pay three times the amount bet. In some rules, the Arashi privilege is only reserved for the players. If both the dealer and
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#17327723446934464-480: The three organizations that split from them are fighting each other. In recent years, the three major yakuza syndicates have formed a loose alliance, and in April 2023, Kiyoshi Takayama , the wakagashira (second-in-command) of the Yamaguchi-gumi , Shuji Ogawa , the kaichō (chairman) of the Sumiyoshi-kai , and Kazuya Uchibori ( ja ), the kaichō of the Inagawa-kai , held a social gathering. One of
4536-476: The use of a helicopter). Media reports contrasted this rapid response with the much slower pace at which the Japanese government's official relief efforts took place. Following the Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami on 11 March 2011, the yakuza sent hundreds of trucks filled with food, water, blankets, and sanitary accessories to aid the people in the affected areas of the natural disaster. CNN México said that although
4608-428: The value of the tableau: Even if players are dissatisfied with their resulting totals, a fourth card cannot be dealt to the tableau. A tableau with no player bets will have its face-down card flipped up, and a card will be dealt face-up to it. After all four tableaus have been decided, the dealer then flips their card face-up and deals a second card face-up to themself. The dealer may decide whether to deal themself
4680-430: The war effort and society came under the control of the strict military government. However, after the war, the Yakuza adapted again. Yubitsume , also referred to as otoshimae , or the cutting off of one's finger, is a form of penance or apology. Upon a first offence, the transgressor must cut off the tip of his left little finger and give the severed portion to his boss. Sometimes an underboss may do this in penance to
4752-469: The wives of bosses, who are referred to by the title ane-san ( 姐さん , older sister) . When the 3rd Yamaguchi-gumi boss ( Kazuo Taoka ) died in the early 1980s, his wife (Fumiko) took over as boss of Yamaguchi-gumi, albeit for a short time. During the World War II period in Japan, the more traditional tekiya/bakuto form of organization declined as the entire population was mobilised to participate in
4824-535: The yakuza operates through extortion and other violent methods, they "[moved] swiftly and quietly to provide aid to those most in need." The presence of individuals affiliated with the yakuza in the United States has increased tremendously since the 1960s, and although much of their activity is concentrated in Hawaii , they have made their presence known in other parts of the country, especially in Los Angeles and
4896-406: The years, and in 2023 there were only about 150 sōkaiya , of whom 30 worked in groups and 120 worked alone. Yakuza also had ties to the Japanese real estate market and banking sector through jiageya . Jiageya specializes in inducing holders of small real estate to sell their property so that estate companies can carry out much larger development plans. The Japanese bubble economy of the 1980s
4968-520: Was adopted, a common Japanese practice. His life and exploits were featured in sixteen films between 1911 and 1940. The roots of the yakuza survive today in initiation ceremonies , which incorporate tekiya or bakuto rituals . Although the modern Yakuza has diversified, some gangs still identify with one group or the other; for example, a gang whose primary source of income is illegal gambling may refer to themselves as bakuto . The island of Kyushu (and particularly its northern prefecture Fukuoka ) has
5040-583: Was developed where loyalty and respect are a way of life. The oyabun-kobun relationship is formalized by ceremonial sharing of sake from a single cup. This ritual is not exclusive to the yakuza – it is also commonly performed in traditional Japanese Shinto weddings, and may have been a part of sworn brotherhood relationships. The structure of yakuza organizations is characterized by a multi-layered hierarchical structure. The kobun (pseudo child) of an organization become oyabun (family head and pseudo parent) and run their own subsidiary organizations, and
5112-452: Was done without prior consultation of the NPA . The journalist who uncovered the deal received threats from Goto and was given police protection in the US and in Japan. The FBI suspects that the yakuza were using various operations to launder money in the US as of 2008 . Oicho-Kabu Oicho-Kabu ( おいちょかぶ ) is a traditional Japanese card game that is similar to Baccarat . It
5184-620: Was used in Hangame . A combination of 4, 7, and 9. The order doesn't matter. It was used in Hangame. Literally, 1-2-3, the same as its combination of 1, 2, and 3. The order doesn't matter. Literally, 7-5-3, the same as its combination of 7, 5, and 3. The order doesn't matter. This yaku is only valid when using Hanafuda cards. A combination of the third (March) and eighth (August) months' light cards. Better than any other hand. A combination of 1, 10, and 10. The order doesn't matter. This
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