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30-511: Ovenbirds or furnariids are a large family of small suboscine passerine birds found from Mexico and Central to southern South America . They form the family Furnariidae . This is a large family containing around 315 species and 70 genera . The ovenbird ( Seiurus aurocapilla ), which breeds in North America , is not a furnariid – rather it is a distantly related bird of the wood warbler family, Parulidae. The ovenbirds are

60-495: A suborder of passerine birds that includes more than 1,000 species , the large majority of which are South American . It is named after the type genus Tyrannus . These have a different anatomy of the syrinx musculature than the oscines (songbirds of the larger suborder Passeri), hence the common name of suboscines . The suboscines originated in South America about 50 million years ago and dispersed into

90-544: A complicated system to collect and publish migration data from Europe, but it collapsed in the 1890s due to too much information that was not analyzed. The 2nd Congress in Budapest in 1891 focused mainly on avian migration, but also included other areas of avian biology such as a major summary of avian classification by Richard Bowdler Sharpe. The 3rd Congress in Paris covered the whole range of ornithological research, and this

120-441: A diverse group of insectivores which get their name from the elaborate, vaguely "oven-like" clay nests built by the horneros , although most other ovenbirds build stick nests or nest in tunnels or clefts in rock. The Spanish word for "oven" (horno) gives the horneros their name. Furnariid nests are always constructed with a cover, and up to six pale blue, greenish or white eggs are laid. The eggs hatch after 15 to 22 days, and

150-482: A highlight of congresses: Heinroth on the ethology of ducks and Lucanus on avian physiology at the 5th Congress; Lambrecht on avian physiology and Dunker on avian genetics at the 7th; Nice on the life history of the Song Sparrow at the 8th; Mayr on avian speciation, Dorst on avian migration, Tinbergen on behavior and Lack on ecology at the 10th; Sibley and Ahlquist with The Tapestry – the first molecular phylogeny of

180-456: Is based on a large-scale genetic 2020 study of the suboscines by Michael Harvey and collaborators. The tawny tit-spinetail ( Leptasthenura yanacencis ) has been moved to the genus Sylviorthorhynchus , the sulphur-bearded spinetail ( Cranioleuca sulphurifera ) has been moved to the genus Limnoctites and its English name changed to the sulphur-bearded reedhaunter, and the white-bellied spinetail ( Synallaxis propinqua ) has been placed in

210-860: Is the oldest and largest series of international meetings for bird scientists. The series started in 1884 and has been held every four years since 1926, except for two times when the Second World War disrupted the schedule. IOU members can enjoy access to the IOU webinars by ornithologists; discounts on books by selected publishers; members-only registration fees to the International Ornithological Congresses, and other IOU-sponsored events; participation in and/or establishment of working groups to address specific projects or issues; voting rights on particular IOU matters and more. The IOU offers different membership options based on

240-639: The Old World likely via a trans-Atlantic route during the Oligocene . Their presence in the early Oligocene of Europe is well documented by several fossil specimens. The suborder Tyranni is divided into two infraorders : the Eurylaimides and the Tyrannides. The New Zealand wrens in the family Acanthisittidae are placed in a separate suborder Acanthisitti. The phylogenetic relationships of

270-668: The Old World suboscines – mainly distributed in tropical regions around the Indian Ocean – and a single American species, the sapayoa : The Tyrannides contain all the suboscines from the Americas except the broad-billed sapayoa. The families listed here are those recognised by the International Ornithologists' Union. This group has been separated into three parvorders by Sibley & Ahlquist. However, DNA:DNA hybridization did not reliably resolve

300-427: The monotypic genus Mazaria . These changes are included in the tree shown below. The remaining paraphyletic genera are flagged in the tree by an asterisk. In 2009, the large ovenbird family was divided into tribes by Robert Moyle and collaborators. The tribes as defined in the 2009 article do not fit well with the revised taxonomy of Harvey and are not included here. For example, the tribe Furnariini as defined in

330-461: The seaside and the surf cinclodes , are associated with rocky coasts. The woodcreepers (formerly Dendrocolaptidae) were merged into this family, following analysis of sequences . While confirming the overall phylogenetic pattern, other scientists instead opted for maintaining the woodcreepers as a separate family, while splitting the ovenbirds (as traditionally defined) into two families, Furnariidae and Scleruridae. The cladogram below showing

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360-1170: The 16 families in the Tyranni suborder is shown below. The cladogram is based on a large molecular genetic study by Carl Oliveros and collaborators published in 2019: The families and the species numbers are from the list maintained by the International Ornithologists' Union (IOC). Philepittidae – 4 species (asities) Eurylaimidae – 9 species (eurylaimid broadbills) Calyptomenidae – 6 species (Asian green broadbills) Sapayoidae – 1 species (sapayoa) Pittidae – 44 species (pittas) Pipridae – 55 species (manakins) Cotingidae – 66 species (cotingas) Tityridae – 45 species (tityras, becards) Tyrannidae – 447 species (tyrant flycatchers) Melanopareiidae – 5 species (crescentchests) Conopophagidae – 12 species (gnateaters) Thamnophilidae – 238 species (antbirds) Grallariidae – 68 species (antpittas) Rhinocryptidae – 65 species (tapaculos) Formicariidae – 12 species (antthrushes) Furnariidae – 315 species (ovenbirds) The Eurylaimides contain

390-1956: The 2009 article is not monophyletic in the Harvey phylogeny. The species numbers in the cladogram are from the list maintained by the International Ornithologists' Union (IOC). Xenops – xenops (3 species) Berlepschia – point-tailed palmcreeper Microxenops – rufous-tailed xenops Pygarrhichas – white-throated treerunner Ochetorhynchus – earthcreepers and crag chilia (4 species) Premnoplex – barbtails (2 species) Margarornis – treerunners (4 species) Cichlocolaptes – treehunters (2 species) * Philydor pyrrhodes – cinnamon-rumped foliage-gleaner * Philydor atricapillus ( type of genus) – black-capped foliage-gleaner Heliobletus – sharp-billed treehunter * Philydor – foliage-gleaners (2 species?) Megaxenops – great xenops Anabacerthia – foliage-gleaners (5 species) Syndactyla – foliage-gleaners (8 species) Ancistrops – chestnut-winged hookbill Dendroma – foliage-gleaners (2 species) Clibanornis – foliage-gleaners (5 species) Thripadectes – treehunters (7 species) Automolus – foliage-gleaners and woodhaunters (10 species) Tarphonomus – earthcreepers (2 species) Premnornis – rusty-winged barbtail Pseudocolaptes – tufted-cheeks (3 species) Furnarius – horneros (8 species) Lochmias – sharp-tailed streamcreeper Limnornis – curve-billed reedhaunter Phleocryptes – wren-like rushbird Geocerthia – striated earthcreeper Upucerthia – earthcreepers (4 species) Cinclodes – cincloides (15 species) Aphrastura – rayaditos (2 species) Sylviorthorhynchus – Des Murs's wiretail and tawny tit-spinetail (2 species) Leptasthenura – tit-spinetails (9 species) Phacellodomus – thornbirds (10 species) Anumbius – firewood-gatherer Suboscine The Tyranni ( suboscines ) are

420-622: The Aves – at the 19th; Schodde and Christidis on the Gondwanan origin of the Australasian avifauna and global implications at the 20th; Walter Bock's Presidential debate between Martin and Sereno on the origin of birds from reptilian ancestors at the 23rd ; and Bairlein on migration, illustrating the huge advances since Dorst, at the 26th. Presidential addresses, moreover, sometimes reviewed important historical aspects in ornithology, such as

450-715: The Furnariidae is now well understood thanks to multiple analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Among other discoveries, the classification of several genera had to be revised. The taxonomic arrangement presented below is based on molecular genetic studies of ovenbird relationships. However, because ovenbirds and woodcreepers are treated here as a single family some taxonomic ranks were modified. For more detail see " List of ovenbird species ". Subfamily: Sclerurinae – miners and leaftossers Subfamily: Dendrocolaptinae – woodcreepers Subfamily: Furnariinae – Neotropical ovenbirds and allies The phylogenetic tree shown below

480-418: The IOU website and YouTube channel, where they can be accessed anytime. The IOU provides platforms for working groups that focus on specific topics and are led by experts in their field and specialists. The working groups aim to support, promote, and advance avian biology by reaching out to ornithologists, conservationists, policy makers, non-governmental organizations, educators, and other stakeholders. Some of

510-672: The Rouen Congress in 1938. It formalized the establishment and operation of the International Ornithological Committee. World events again prevented the staging of the 1942 Congress scheduled for the USA, and the next congress to be held was the 10th in Uppsala, Sweden, in 1950. Plenary lectures by world specialists giving summaries of advances in the various fields of ornithology at the time have been

540-589: The World Bank economic income categorization. Members can also support the IOU's mission and programs through donations. The IOU webinars are a series of online lectures that showcase the latest research and developments in ornithology. The webinars feature speakers from different countries and institutions who share their insights and findings on various topics related to bird biology, ecology, behavior, conservation, and education. The webinars are free and open to members. The webinars are also recorded and uploaded on

570-402: The clades as superfamilies or, if the broadbill group is considered a separate suborder, as infraorders. In the former case, the name Furnarioidea would be available for the tracheophones, whereas "Tyrannoidea", the "bronchophone" equivalent, has not yet been formally defined. In the latter case, the tracheophones would be classified as "Furnariides", while the Tyrannides would be restricted to

600-581: The contribution of amateurs in biology, the role of museum development, and, as at the 23rd Congress, the history of the international ornithological congresses themselves. The first congress outside Europe was held in Ithaca, New York , in 1962, and the first for the southern hemisphere was held in Canberra, Australia , in 1974. Congresses in their current format began in Berlin, 1978, where Donald Farner set up

630-420: The findings and recommendations of ornithology. International congresses in science were rare until the late nineteenth century. One of the first ones was the 1st International Ornithological Congress in 1884, which was motivated by a borderless problem in avian biology: avian migration. This is one of the most remarkable aspects of avian biology, as many bird species travel north and south every year, but little

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660-467: The first International Scientific Program Committee, and formulated new organizational Statutes and bylaws to replace the Règlement. A pattern of plenary lectures, symposia, contributed papers, and round table discussions was established there too. By 1986, it became clear that the tasks of secretaries-general appointed to arrange congresses had become too extensive, and that more organizational continuity

690-499: The scientific community and the public; interacting with other scientific organizations, foundations, and institutions that share similar interests and goals; stimulating and strengthening locally-based research that includes the participation of amateur ornithologists who contribute valuable data and insights; cultivating relationships among ornithologists internationally; and fostering knowledge transfer between basic research and applied sciences, such as conservation, that can benefit from

720-401: The subfamilies of the ovenbirds is based on a molecular genetic studies that revealed that Sclerurinae was the first group to diverge The species numbers are from the list maintained by the International Ornithologists' Union (IOC). Sclerurinae – miners and leaftosser (18 species) Dendrocolaptinae – woodcreepers (58 species) Furnariinae – "true" ovenbirds (239 species) The phylogeny of

750-401: The suboscine phylogeny . It was eventually determined that there was a simple dichotomy between the antbirds and allies (tracheophones), and the tyrant-flycatchers and allies. Given that the "parvorder" arrangement originally advanced is obsolete (see e.g. Irestedt et al. 2002 for tracheophone phylogeny) — more so if the Eurylaimides are elevated to a distinct suborder — it is better to rank

780-642: The tyrant-flycatchers and other "bronchophone" families. The tracheophones contain the Furnariidae, Thamnophilidae, Formicariidae (probably including most tapaculos), and Conopophagidae. The tyrant-flycatcher clade includes the namesake family, the Tityridae, the Cotingidae, and the Pipridae. International Ornithologists%27 Union The IOU has the objective of supporting, promoting, and advancing avian biology by disseminating ornithological knowledge to

810-479: The young fledge after a further 13 to 20 days. They are small to medium-sized birds, ranging from 9 to 35 cm in length. While individual species often are habitat specialists, species of this family can be found in virtually any Neotropical habitat, ranging from city parks inhabited by rufous horneros , to tropical Amazonian lowlands by many species of foliage-gleaners, to temperate barren Andean highlands inhabited by several species of miners . Two species,

840-512: Was followed in London, 1905 and Berlin , 1910 where the next congress, planned for Sarajevo, Yugoslavia, in 1915 became a sign of the upcoming First World War. Ernst Hartert was largely responsible for reviving the congresses in Copenhagen, in 1926, where future meetings were set at every four years. The Règlement des Congrès Ornithologiques Internationaux, adopted in 1932, was only published at

870-743: Was needed for managing the International Ornithological Committee. That led to the creation of the position of permanent secretary at the Ottawa Congress in Canada in 1986; Walter Bock was the foundation appointee, holding the position until 1998, when Dr. Dominique Homberger took over at the Durban Congress in South Africa . Organized by the IOU, the International Ornithological Congress series

900-574: Was understood about it at that time. In Europe, where many countries were involved, studying avian migration demanded an international effort. Rudolf Blasius and Gustav von Hayek devised a grand plan for a multi-nation program on avian migration in Europe, secured the support of Crown-Prince Rudolf of Austria-Hungary, and arranged the 1st International Congress of Ornithology in Vienna , April 1884, which concentrated mainly on migration studies. They established

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