This is an accepted version of this page
21-421: Fūsen gum ( 風船 , balloon) is a brand of bubble gum manufactured by Japanese confectionery manufacturer Marukawa . This confectionery -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Bubble gum Bubble gum (or bubblegum ) is a type of chewing gum , designed to be inflated out of the mouth as a bubble . In modern chewing gum, if natural rubber such as chicle
42-455: A bubble popped. At that time, synthetic bubble gum was introduced, which would almost never stick. The first brands in the US to use these new synthetic gum bases were Hubba Bubba and Bubble Yum . Bubble gum got its distinctive pink color because the original recipe Diemer worked on produced a dingy gray colored gum, so he added red dye (diluted to pink), as that was the only dye he had on hand at
63-574: A color comic strip, known as the Fleer Funnies, which was included with the gum. The featured characters, ‘Dub and Bub’, were introduced in 1930 but were replaced by the iconic Pud and his pals in 1950. Originally, Pud was much more rotund than the slimmed down version seen in the 1960s. The early comics were especially large and colorful. The comic also included Fleer Fortunes and Dubble Bubble Facts. The comics were sequentially numbered which made collecting them easy. They are not dated though, so it
84-779: A different recipe and also discontinued the comic strips and fortunes on the wrappers, but continued to use Pud as its mascot. The main ingredients in Dubble Bubble gum are Sugar , Dextrose , Corn Syrup , Gum Base , Tapioca Dextrin , Titanium Dioxide , Confectioner's Glaze , Carnauba Wax , Corn Starch , Artificial Flavors , Artificial Colors , (FD&C Red 40, Blue 1, Yellow 5, Yellow 6, Red 3), and BHT (to maintain freshness). The ingredients of "1928 Original" Dubble Bubble gum are Sugar , Dextrose , Corn Syrup , Gum Base , Artificial Flavor , Colour , Corn Starch and BHT . Dubble Bubble gum products are nut-free, gluten-free, and peanut-free . Dubble Bubble twist gummies
105-455: A formula for a chewing gum called " Blibber-Blubber ", was found to be less sticky than regular chewing gum and stretched more easily. This gum became highly successful and was eventually named by the president of Fleer as Dubble Bubble because of its stretchy texture. This remained the dominant brand of bubble gum until after WWII, when Bazooka bubble gum entered the market. Until the 1970s, bubble gum still tended to stick to one's face as
126-429: A formula that allowed bubbles to be blown that did not stick. In 1928, while Walter Diemer was testing new gum recipes, he noticed that his product was less sticky than regular chewing gum, and after testing it he found that he could create bubbles easily. After a year of attempts, he made the first successful batch of bubble gum. But the next morning when trying to recreate his successful concoction, he failed to reproduce
147-593: A low/high strain rate . Typically, the strain softening at a low strain rate manifests the disintegration of brittle networks within gums. In contrast, the nonuniform deformation of polymers and crystallization induced by strain explain the strain hardening behavior at a high strain rate . In 1928, Walter Diemer , an accountant for the Fleer Chewing Gum Company in Philadelphia, was experimenting with new gum recipes. One recipe, based on
168-449: A small isothermal strain deformation (i.e., below yield strain ) under small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS). Here the critical yield strain is defined as the modulus deviating about 10% from its initial value. Under it, gum cuds show elastic deformation that follows power-law behavior as a critical gel in the linear regime; otherwise, exhibiting nonlinear responses with increasing shear stress (plasticity). Normally, this yield strain
189-548: Is a brick wall covered in used chewing gum , located in an alleyway in Post Alley under Pike Place Market in Downtown Seattle . Dubble Bubble Dubble Bubble is an American brand of fruit-flavored, usually pink-colored, bubble gum invented by Walter Diemer , an accountant at Philadelphia-based Fleer Chewing Gum Company in 1928. One of Diemer's hobbies was concocting recipes for chewing gum based on
210-510: Is between 25% and 40%. This relatively high fractional recovery (the ability to recover its previous shape) is consistent with providing a satisfying sensory feel. On the contrary, bubble gums only show fractional recovery lower than 15%. Therefore, bubble gums can withstand more substantial stresses before break-up than normal chewing gums . This distinction is mainly due to its on-purpose design, which allows it to form and maintain large, stable bubbles when blown up through sizeable shear stress on
231-428: Is difficult to know the exact year of release. By the late 1950s and early 1960s, Fleer Funnies shrank to the small size most people remember. More than 1,002 comics have been released over the years. During World War II , Dubble Bubble was distributed to the military . Sugar and latex became scarce due to the war and bubble gum manufacturing was halted in 1942. In 1951, Fleer resumed manufacturing of Dubble Bubble and
SECTION 10
#1732800947650252-453: Is less than 1%. Regarding plastic deformation , the nonlinear viscoelasticity can be explored through shear creep experiments (relaxation time) and the start-up of steady shear stress-controlled uniaxial/biaxial extension. The former demonstrates that fractional recovery, defined as the ratio between measured strain after deformation and recovered strain without adding shear stress , for chewing gums under moderate shear stress (~ 1000 Pa)
273-400: Is used, it must pass several purity and cleanliness tests. However, most modern types of chewing gum use synthetic gum-based materials. These materials allow for longer lasting flavor, a softer texture, and a reduction in tackiness . As a sort of chewing gum consisting of long-chain polysaccharides , bubblegum can typically exhibit linear and nonlinear viscoelastic behaviors. Therefore,
294-512: The Guinness World Record for largest bubble gum bubble ever blown, which was 26 inches (66 cm) in diameter. However, Chad Fell holds the record for "Largest Hands-free Bubblegum Bubble" at 20 inches (51 cm), achieved on 24 April 2004. Bubblegum Alley is a tourist attraction in downtown San Luis Obispo, California , known for its accumulation of used bubble gum on the walls of an alley . The Market Theater Gum Wall
315-408: The distinct deformations under chewing can be affected by shear rate , shear strain , and shear stress applied through teeth. Based on these, it is helpful to characterize the intrinsic rheological properties of chewing gums for future improvement and optimization of commercial products’ texture and chewiness . The linear viscoelastic (LVE) property can be probed on pre-shaped gum cuds through
336-474: The original Fleer ingredients. Though founder Frank H. Fleer had come up with his own bubble gum recipe under the name Blibber-Blubber in 1906, it was shelved due to its being too sticky and breaking apart too easily. It would be another 20 years until Diemer would use the original idea as inspiration for his invention. Fleer Chewing Gum Company, in Philadelphia , had been searching for years to produce
357-478: The popularity of its gum grew steadily. Over time, Fleer extended its reach by adding new flavors and new formats like ball gum and expanded distribution of its products overseas. In 1957, Fleer introduced the first gum 6-pack with Dubble Bubble. In 1998, Dubble Bubble was purchased by Concord Confections and in 1999 they introduced Dubble Bubble as a gumball. In 2003, Tootsie Roll Industries acquired Concord. Since Concord's acquisition, Dubble Bubble has since used
378-425: The same results. After four months of trying to mimic his first success, he finally made a 300-pound batch of what would become Dubble Bubble. The only food coloring available at the factory was pink , so Diemer had no choice but to use it, and the color would go on to become the standard for gum for the world over. Using a salt water taffy wrapping machine, Diemer decided to individually wrap 100 pieces and brought
399-619: The stock to a local candy store. The gum was priced at one penny apiece and sold out in one day. Before long, the Fleer Chewing Gum Company began making bubble gum using Diemer's recipe, and the gum was marketed as “Dubble Bubble” gum. Diemer's bubble gum was the first-ever commercially sold bubble gum, and its sales surpassed 1.5 million dollars in the first year. To help sell the new bubble gum, Diemer himself taught salespeople how to blow bubbles so that they in turn could teach potential customers. The original gum featured
420-792: The time. In taste tests, children tend to prefer strawberry and blue raspberry flavors, rejecting more complex flavors, as they say these make them want to swallow the gum rather than continue chewing. While there is a bubble gum "flavor" – which various artificial flavorings including esters are mixed to obtain – it varies from one company to another. Esters used in synthetic bubble gum flavoring may include methyl salicylate , ethyl butyrate , benzyl acetate , amyl acetate or cinnamic aldehyde . A natural bubble gum flavoring can be produced by combining banana , pineapple , cinnamon , cloves , and wintergreen . Vanilla, cherry, lemon, and orange oil have also been suggested as ingredients. In 1996, Susan Montgomery Williams of Fresno, California, set
441-472: The tongue. The stretching experiment shows gum cuds owning strain hardening during uniaxial extension. In particular, the LVE regime is absent with applying a constant Hencky strain rate, like the plastic flow in polycrystals or polymers. Moreover, different values of Hencky strain rates can lead to either extensional viscosity plateaus before sagging (macroscopic failure) or necking (strain hardening) following
SECTION 20
#1732800947650#649350