45-503: Nippes (German: Köln-Nippes ; Kölsch : Neppes [ˈne²pəs] ) is the fifth borough ( Stadtbezirk ) of Cologne , Germany. Nippes was incorporated into the city of Cologne in 1888 and the district was created in 1975. A large Ford Europe production plant is located in Niehl, the north-eastern part of the district. Nippes borders the Cologne boroughs of Chorweiler to
90-501: A balanced room climate. In a move away from the contemporary popularity of electromechanical air conditioning , Haferkamp preferred a structural-physical, self-regulating solution that needed only little additional climate technology. As the Cologne Model , the building became a model for many later archive buildings internationally. For maximum protection of the stack rooms against atmospheric exposure, an armored concrete frame
135-490: A little under 44% of the total capacity was in use. The building was planned to have sufficient capacity for 30 years of growth, but maximum capacity was reached in 1996 which led to the outsourcing of some records. On 3 March 2009 at 1:58 pm, the archive building collapsed. Public prosecutors in 2017 confirmed that the construction of a new underground railway line of the Cologne Stadtbahn system had been
180-623: A municipal constitution document of 1396, was granted pride of place in a chest decorated with a crown. After 1414, the archive was directed by a vault master ( Gewulvemeister ). Its management was later taken over by a committee of municipal jurists, the syndici . In 1594, the records of the Bruges offices of the Hanseatic League (then stored in Antwerp) were transferred to the Cologne archives. These records included copies of
225-659: A new archive building. It was planned to accommodate not only the archive institution itself but also the Kunst- und Museumsbibliothek , a renowned art and museum library, and the Rheinisches Bildarchiv , a collection of photographs on the history of art, architecture, culture, and photography in Cologne and the Rhineland. The plan was to build the “safest and state-of-the-art city archive in Europe“ by 2017. After
270-432: A stream of air that moved exactly parallel to the shelf rows. Each story of the stacks building had a linear capacity of 4,221 metres (13,848 ft) of records on 647 square metres (6,960 sq ft) of effective surface. Rooms were 2.30 metres (7 ft 7 in) high, shelves rose to 2.25 metres (7 ft 5 in). Each shelf had a carrying capacity of 70 kilograms (150 lb). The dominating stacks building
315-457: A warning by construction workers. Around 90% of archival records were buried by the collapse, although it subsequently proved possible to rescue and repair many of them. Construction work on a new archive began in 2016, and the new archive opened on 3 September 2021. At that time, a spokesperson for the archive estimated that restoration work will require more than 200 persons to work continuously for thirty years. The work of communal archives in
360-583: Is the municipal archive of Cologne , Germany. It ranks among the largest communal archives in Europe. A municipal archive has existed in Cologne since the Middle Ages . The oldest inventory of charters in the archive is dated 1408–1409. The oldest document kept in the archive is a charter dated 922 CE . The archive contains official records and private documents from all ages of Cologne history, as well as an extensive library of manuscripts. While
405-473: Is why, unlike many other archives, the Cologne archive boasts a major collection of medieval manuscripts. Both archive and library shared a building until 1934, when the library moved to the newly built building of the University of Cologne . From 1815 until he died in 1857, Johann Jakob Peter Fuchs managed the municipal archive as its honorary director. Fuchs was a friend of Wallraf's who also supervised
450-666: The Black Forest region. The Barbarastollen holds around 638 microfilms with one million images in varying grades of quality from the various Cologne collections, including the municipal archive. In addition, the 1,400 medieval manuscript books of the archives were microfilmed by the Hill Museum & Manuscript Library in the 1980s. However, recent acquisitions (including the Heinrich Böll collection) have not yet been microfilmed. According to director Schmidt-Czaia,
495-604: The Cologne City Council intensified negotiations with the surrounding communities, and on 1 April 1888 ended in a first major incorporation. Since then the city has expanded with major reorganizations in 1910, 1914, 1922 and 1975. Source: Historical Archive of the City of Cologne Historical Archive of the City of Cologne The Historical Archive of the City of Cologne ( German : Historisches Archiv der Stadt Köln , or Kölner Stadtarchiv for short)
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#1732772632705540-645: The Cologne motorway ring . This Cologne location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Districts of Cologne Since the last administrative reform in 1975, the City of Cologne is made up of nine Stadtbezirke and 86 Stadtteile. Stadtbezirk literally translates as city district , which are further subdivided into Stadtteile (city parts). The Stadtteile of Cologne's old and new town ( Alt- and Neustadt ) further consist of quarters, known as " Veedel " in both Kölsch and most often,
585-547: The First French Empire . After 1815, the Kingdom of Prussia enforced the construction of fortifications which again hindered any growth for the city. Only with the acquisition of these fortifications in 1881, the city of Cologne had the possibility of a gradual territorial expansion. On 12. November 1883 a strip of territory from parts of the municipalities of Ehrenfeld , Kriel, Longerich, Müngersdorf and Rondorf
630-589: The Rhinelandic regiolect , as well. City districts are differentiated of being links- or rechtsrheinisch – left or right of the Rhine , with the old town being left of the Rhine, as are 230,25 km (56.8 percent of 405,14 km within city limits), while 174,87 km (43.2 percent) lie right of the Rhine. In regard to population, Cologne is the largest city in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia and
675-555: The fourth largest city in Germany . Since the city's foundation in 38 BC , Cologne grew through numerous extensions and incorporation of surrounding municipalities. Since the construction of the Medieval wall in 1180, the area of the old imperial city of Cologne has not changed for more than 600 years and was only extended over the old city walls in 1794, just short before the arrival of French troops and Cologne's incorporation into
720-555: The state of North Rhine-Westphalia is based on the Archivgesetz des Landes NRW bill of 1989. The municipal archive of Cologne is also governed by the municipal archive ordinance Archivsatzung , last revised in 2007. The federal Bundesarchivgesetz bill does not apply. An early programme of holding archival records in Cologne was the so-called shrine system ( Schreinswesen ), used for documenting citizens' rights. A shrine ( Schrein , from Latin : scrinium )
765-570: The 19th century, the French government ordered their archives to be stored in the state archives in Düsseldorf. It was not until 1949 that a mayor of Cologne succeeded in recovering 19,000 charters and many other records for the Cologne municipal archives. In 1818, the city of Cologne was bequeathed Ferdinand Franz Wallraf 's major collection of art, books, and manuscripts. After Wallraf's death in 1824, his collection of statues and paintings became
810-452: The adjective historical in its name might suggest a closed, complete archive with a focus on older history, the archive is also the official government repository responsible for collecting recent municipal records. The six-story archive building collapsed on 3 March 2009, along with two neighbouring apartment buildings. Two residents of these buildings were found dead. All archive staff and visitors survived, as they were able to escape upon
855-473: The archive did not suffer any substantial loss. After the archive moved to its new location in 1971, the 1897 building has been used as a private library by Gerling, a large insurance company. In 1971, a six-story archive building by architect Fritz Haferkamp was built at Severinstraße in the southern part of Cologne's city centre. An underlying principle of the design was to protect archival records from fluctuations in weather and climate while creating
900-521: The archive were stored in the stacks building, including the medieval manuscripts of the Wallraf collection. Around 90% of archival records were buried by the collapse. Other holdings, mainly those stored in the ground floor extension with the reading room, such as the film and photograph collection and about 40,000 charters were evacuated. Storage of other—albeit less significant—parts of the records had been outsourced, and they were therefore not affected by
945-452: The archives were located in the Haus zur Stessen . In medieval Cologne, valuable goods and important trade documents were frequently stored in vaulted warehouses that were specially built in backyards. This method of storage was used by both business owners and the municipal administration. Documents included grants of privileges, contracts, records of lawsuits, maps, seals, and documents from
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#1732772632705990-476: The basement rooms (located under a ceiling with a thickness of 30 centimetres or 12 inches) were artificially air-conditioned. Vertical light slots with a height of 130 centimetres (51 in) and a width of 25 centimetres (9.8 in) allowed only diffused light to pass to the interior wall, to prevent sunlight from causing any change in temperature. Only the ground floor was equipped with larger windows. The slots were also used for ventilation: opposing slots caused
1035-533: The basis of the Wallrafianum , now known as the Wallraf-Richartz Museum , one of Cologne's major art museums. The archive and library, at that time still run as a single entity, were chosen to hold all books and manuscripts. When the institutions were administratively separated in the 1880s, all manuscripts were retained by the archive, while all printed books were given to the library. This
1080-413: The building. All charters and privileges formerly stored in the town hall tower were catalogued in the first inventory (inventory number Alte Repertorien 6 ). This collection, also known as main charters archive ( Haupturkundenarchiv ), is regarded as the core part of the archive and was hence given the inventory number I. Until 2009, all registers of births, marriages, and deaths were stored at
1125-435: The cause. Construction workers building an underground switch facility noticed that water was flooding into the building pit. They rapidly warned staff and visitors of the archive, who were instructed to evacuate the building. Shortly afterwards, an underground landslide into the subway tunnel caused the archive building to collapse. Two adjacent apartment buildings also collapsed, killing two residents. The main holdings of
1170-411: The collapse. According to the former director Hugo Stehkämper, the collection of 80 shrine charters from the 12th century, a seals collection, and most inventory books were saved and remain intact. The years after the collapse were characterized by three main tasks: the recovery and emergency conservation of the scattered archival documents; their step-by-step cleaning, restoration, and digitization; and
1215-453: The damaged and only roughly cleaned documents: wet materials were flash-frozen to prevent mold growth, and itinerant archivists worked in the receiving archives all over the country to begin the task of re-identifying and re-cataloging. A newly installed centre for restoration and digitization on the outskirts of Cologne started operations in 2011, with a total cost for restoring the archive estimated at €400 million . A freeze-drying unit
1260-451: The decision of the city council, a detailed concept was worked out and approved. In 2013, in the context of the city's financial crisis, local political debate began to move towards re-considering this decision, and even to imposing a planning moratorium. Protests by local support groups as well as national archive organizations followed. In 2017, the total damage from the collapse was estimated at €1.2 billion . Plans to combine
1305-506: The estates of important persons. As the city and its national and international trade thrived and prospered, the municipal administration began to plan further storage to house the growing number of documents in an adequate space. On 19 August 1406, the city council resolved to add a tower to the town hall. The tower was built between 1407 and 1414, and served, among other purposes, as a storage room for municipal charters, privileges, and securities. Cologne's bursary officer, Roland von Odendorp,
1350-435: The incorporation and cataloging of the Wallraf collection in 1824. He reorganized the entire archive and made its contents accessible to scholarly research. In 1857, Leonhard Ennen became the first full-time municipal archivist. Among other material, he acquired documents from the estate of Hermann von Weinsberg , a 16th-century Cologne jurist famous for his autobiographical writings. A new purpose-built structure to house
1395-477: The investigation of the cause for the disaster through a legal process. Additionally, the planning for a new archives building was begun. A disaster recovery building ( Bergungsbauwerk ) was set up at the site of the collapse – a large hole in the ground – where around 95% of all archival items could be held until August 2011, albeit scattered and in many cases badly damaged. Archive repositories all over Germany offered space to store
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1440-399: The late 12th century are known from the cities of Metz and Andernach . In the 19th century, all records of the old Cologne shrine quarters were transferred to the municipal archives. A municipal archive has existed since at least the year 1322. In 1326 the city council decided to establish the so-called white book ( Weißes Buch ), a book of copies of charters and privileges. By 1370
1485-574: The municipal archive and library was erected between 1894 and 1897 to a Gothic revival design by Friedrich Carl Heimann ; it was inaugurated in December 1897. The new building was large enough to accommodate the archive at a time of accelerated growth when the city of Cologne was absorbing many previously independent towns and villages. During World War II the building suffered damage from bombing . However, since all records and manuscripts had been moved into secure storage as early as September 1939,
1530-541: The municipal civil registry offices regardless of their age. Following a reform bill of 13 March 2008, birth registers to 1898, marriage registers to 1928 and death registers to 1978 were transferred to the archives in 2009. Many of the most important and unique holdings of the Cologne archives have been preserved on microfilm in the central safekeeping archive of Germany, the Barbarastollen caves in Oberried in
1575-790: The new archive with the art and museum library were eventually abandoned, and groundwork began in 2016 on a more frugal, but still state-of-the-art archive building, which opened on 3 September 2021. Before the 2009 collapse, the archival holdings included: Among the 700 private deposits are those of writer and Nobel laureate Heinrich Böll , and writers Jakob Ignaz Hittorff , Irmgard Keun , and Hans Mayer , architects Ernst Friedrich Zwirner and Sulpiz Boisserée , collector Ferdinand Franz Wallraf , composers Jacques Offenbach and Max Bruch , conductor Günter Wand , and philosopher Vilém Flusser . Plans and drawings of architects Hans Schilling, Oswald Mathias Ungers , Wilhelm Riphahn , Karl Band , Gottfried Böhm , and Dominikus Böhm were also stored in
1620-431: The north, Mülheim to the east, Innenstadt to the south, and Ehrenfeld to the south-west. Nippes consists of seven Stadtteile (city parts): Nippes is served by numerous railway stations and main highways. Stations include Köln-Nippes , Köln Geldernstraße/Parkgürtel , and Köln-Longerich , as well as numerous light rail stations on Cologne Stadtbahn lines 12, 15, 16, and 18. Bundesautobahn 57 connects Nippes to
1665-501: The protocols of the diets of the Hanseatic League. With the 1594 transfer, the Cologne archive became the most important repository of historical material concerning the Hanseatic League and thus concerning the history of Northern Germany in general, matched only by the municipal archives of Lübeck . On 27 February 1602, the city council ordered that books on jurisdiction and administration were to be systematically bought at
1710-446: The rear ground floor rooms. The basement included the charters archive, the archival library, and, in its centre, a treasure bunker for charters and records walled by 60-centimetre-thick (24 in) armoured concrete. The building was secured by fire detectors, a carbon-dioxide-based fire-extinguishing system, and a burglar alarm device. After the archive had moved from the 1897 building to its new home between 26 April and 20 June 1971,
1755-410: The regularly held Frankfurt Book Fair . These were subsequently stored in the municipal archive and became the basis of the Cologne municipal library. The Ratsbibliothek was one of the few Cologne libraries that did not suffer major losses during the French occupation in the early years of the 19th century. After the secularization of abbeys and colleges of canons in Cologne in the early years of
1800-442: Was 21.4 metres (70 ft) high, 48.8 metres (160 ft) wide, and 16 metres (52 ft) deep, while the ground floor and basement of the complex were considerably larger. Towards Severinstraße , the ground floor consisted of the main entrance hall and an exhibition room. Adjacent were the reading room, approximately 20 office rooms, the restoration workshop, and various functional rooms. Four courtyards provided natural light to
1845-599: Was a wooden chest or cabinet where parish administrations stored records and charters. Such shrines were used for records storage throughout the Middle Ages and into early modern times , most notably in the parish of St. Lawrence near the Cologne town hall. The records were for the most part those of real estate transactions: these were recorded on sheets of parchment or in books, which subsequently became known as shrine books ( Schreinsbücher ). In Cologne, these books can be traced back to 1130 CE . Similar books from
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1890-490: Was added to the city. At the time of the Industrial Revolution , industrial enterprises already avoided the densely populated areas inside of the city limits and settled in the small towns outside the fortified area, while maintaining close economic links to the city of Cologne. More than half of the estates here were in the hands of citizens of Cologne or the same becoming residents in these areas. Since 1886,
1935-409: Was encased by a brick wall with a thickness of 49 centimetres (19 in). A facade was attached at a distance of 7 centimetres (2.8 in) from the brick wall, made from bright Czech granite. The interior walls were plastered with lime mortar that absorbed air moisture from the inside. The moisture diffused through the brick wall and was drained through the space between the wall and the facade. Only
1980-406: Was installed to handle the deep-frozen materials safely before restoration. After recovery at the collapsed site was completed, the legal process required the construction of an investigation building as part of the public prosecutor's process of determining responsibility for the collapse. Construction began in 2012. Also in 2009, following an architectural competition, a decision was taken on
2025-492: Was responsible for its construction. The Gothic building with its two tetragonal upper stories and two more octagonal top stories has some similarities to Dutch belfries of the time and rises to 61 metres (200 ft). It contained a wine cellar, an armory, a meeting room for the municipal council, a firefighter guardroom on the very top, and a vaulted room for the municipal archives. Documents were stored in chests or cabinets marked A to X . The Kölner Verbundbrief charter,
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