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48-402: A KO is a knockout in various sports, such as boxing and martial arts. K.O. , Ko or Kō may also refer to: Knockout The term is often associated with a sudden traumatic loss of consciousness caused by a physical blow. Single powerful blows to the head (particularly the jawline and temple) can produce a cerebral concussion or a carotid sinus reflex with syncope and cause

96-430: A clinch or ground fighting , but is generally not considered to have knockout power . However, as used as a fulcrum for a joint hyperextention, such as an arm lock in classic jujitsu from stand-up or ground positions, can serve well to break said joint either when being the surface that an elbow is slammed upon or as a surface to balance out the break much as the thigh is for the juji-gatame in judo . Leg strikes are

144-405: A backfist strike using the bottom fist. This strike will not damage the bones of the hands as there is no compression of the knuckles or metacarpals, and there is no leverage to bend the wrist. The hammerfist strikes cricket ball sized areas on the body, hence is particularly effective for striking the occiput , the temples, the nose, the mandible, the wrist (for blocking punches), the testicles,

192-527: A big tendency to miss, rely on brute force more than anything and usually require a run-up. If the charger does hit its intended target however, it can cause both pain and recoil to the target, knocking them over with the striker's kinetic energy being transferred to them and falling over as a result of the force or pain. Strikes in Asian martial arts and Western boxing have many of the same principles in common. These principles apply to strikes with most parts of

240-464: A boxer is knocked down and is unable to continue the fight within a ten-second count, they are counted as having been knocked out and their opponent is awarded the KO victory. In mixed martial arts (MMA) competitions, no time count is given after a knockdown, as the sport allows submission grappling as well as ground and pound . If a fighter loses consciousness ("goes limp") as a result of legal strikes, it

288-533: A hard part of the opponent's body or other hard object is inadvertently struck, the carpals , metacarpals , tarsals , metatarsals and phalanges (the wrist, hand, ankle, foot and fingers/toes) may splay and deform on impact and fracture. Martial artists wear wrist and ankle tape and handwear and footwear or other wraps so as to hold the carpals, metacarpals, tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges together and keep them from splaying and deforming, both to avoid causing debilitating injuries to themselves as well as to ensure

336-431: A karate-chop on the assailant's exposed neck. Hand strikes can be delivered with an extended knuckle, rather than the classic fist configuration used for a traditional punch. One of the fingers is moved forwards so that the impact is made with the knuckle, concentrating force onto a smaller area. This kind of strike is optimized for attacks to pressure points . Deriving from traditional and ancient Kung Fu , such striking

384-422: A physical strike using the ball of the foot, heel, shin, knee or thigh (the latter is also known as a knee strike). This attack is often used in hand-to-hand combat, especially in stand-up fighting. Kicks play a significant role in many forms of martial arts, such as Taekwondo, Karate, Kung fu , Vovinam , Kickboxing , Muay Thai, Capoeira , Silat , and Kalarippayattu . Delivering a front kick involves raising

432-400: A sudden, dramatic KO. Body blows, particularly the liver punch , can cause progressive, debilitating pain that can also result in a KO. In boxing and kickboxing, a knockout is usually awarded when one participant falls to the canvas and is unable to rise to their feet within a specified period of time, typically because of exhaustion, pain, disorientation, or unconsciousness . For example, if

480-532: A vulnerable region they can cause pain, for example, hitting an opponent with the shoulder to the nose, striking the upper Quadriceps femoris muscle with the hip, or driving the shoulder into the opponent's solar plexus region . The use of shoulders can also involve charging at the opponent at running speed, similar to a ram or tackle , though a short charge is possible where the attacker simple lunges straight at their opponent with their shoulder. These moves are generally unrefined and unprofessional, since they have

528-399: Is a directed, forceful physical attack with either a part of the human body or with a handheld object (such as a melee weapon), intended to cause blunt or penetrating trauma upon an opponent. There are many different varieties of strikes. A strike with the hand closed into a fist is called a punch , a strike with a fingertip is called a jab or poke , a strike with the leg or foot

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576-455: Is also used if the fighter is hanging on to the ropes, caught between the ropes, or is hanging over the ropes and is unable to fall to the floor and cannot protect himself. A knockdown triggers a count by the referee (normally to 10); if the fighter fails the count, then the fight is ended as a KO. A flash knockdown is a knockdown in which the fighter hits the canvas but is not noticeably hurt or affected. Strike (attack) A strike

624-505: Is called a kick , and a strike with the head is called a headbutt . There are also other variations employed in martial arts and combat sports . "Buffet" or "beat" refer to repeatedly and violently striking an opponent; this is also commonly referred to as a combination, or combo, especially in boxing or fighting video games. Strikes are the key focus of several sports and arts, including boxing , savate , karate , Muay Lao , taekwondo and wing chun . Some martial arts also use

672-426: Is declared a KO. Even if the fighter loses consciousness for a brief moment and wakes up again to continue to fight, the fight is stopped and a KO is declared. As many MMA fights can take place on the mat rather than standing, it is possible to score a KO via ground and pound, a common victory for grapplers . In fighting games such as Street Fighter and Tekken , a player scores a knockout by fully depleting

720-417: Is knocked down four times in an entire match. In MMA bouts, the referee may declare a TKO if a fighter cannot intelligently defend themselves while being repeatedly struck. A double knockout (DKO ), both in real-life combat sports and in fighting -based video games , occurs when both fighters trade blows and knock each other out simultaneously and are both unable to continue fighting. In such cases,

768-433: Is similar to a roundhouse kick, and the jumping or flying knee. While less common, other parts of the body are used in specific strikes. In a bottom strike, as taught by Impact self-defense and other self-defense systems, the defendant drives his or her hips and bottom region backward into an attacker holding them from behind in order to cause the attacker to off-balance and bend forward and possibly cause pain by striking

816-405: Is the act of striking with some part of the palm, knuckle , arm , elbow, or shoulder. This is usually the elbow, the hand, the forearm, or the back of the wrist. A strike using the palm of the hand. Whether the hand is open or the fingertips are folded against the bottom knuckles, palm strikes hit with the bottom part of the palm, where the hand meets the wrist. The hand is held perpendicular to

864-406: Is thrown in a more relaxed manner than a clenched fist. This is because clenching the fist shortens the extensor muscles of the wrist which counter the action of flexor muscles of the wrist used in punching. Many martial arts teach to keep the fist clench relaxed until impact in order to maximize the speed of the punch. Targets are numerous and some examples include the nose , jaw , ears , back of

912-518: The anterior part of the shoulder . It is commonly used in Bajiquan , the “ Eight Extremities Fist ”, as an explosive attack from the ‘ zhen jiao’ (charging step) motion. This move is also commonly featured in many Japanese manga and fighting games, as the martial art is known in Japanese as Hakyyokuken . The shoulder strike can be used against the head of the opponent in close positions such as in

960-419: The head , the groin , the kidneys , the temples and abdominal cavity . Some combat sports, such as Pancrase , have forbidden strikes using the clenched fist but permitted strikes using the palm. Use a stiff arm as an example, from a standing position, left hand up in guard and right hand at your side, shoot your right arm upward hitting with the forearm, since the other hand has to check low let it pass by

1008-546: The instep is used to strike, whereas in Muay Thai, kickboxing and mixed martial arts the shin is used. To execute, the attacker swings their leg sideways in a circular motion, kicking the opponent's side with the front of the leg, usually with the instep, ball of the foot, toe, or shin. An important variation is the downward roundhouse kick, nicknamed the Brazilian Kick from recent MMA use: A more pronounced twist of

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1056-489: The knee and foot of the striking leg to the desired height, also known as chambering, and extending the leg to contact the target, typically with the upper body straight and balanced. The actual strike is usually delivered by the ball of the foot . Thrusting one's hips is a common method of increasing both reach and power of the kick; depending on practitioner's particular needs, a front kick may involve more or less body motion. Front kicks are typically aimed at targets below

1104-462: The 1981 Tae Kwon Do championships in Argentina earning him an individual bronze medal and contributed to the team international gold medal. Delivered just as with a punch except that the hand is held open like with a knife hand. The intended striking area are the tips of the fingers. The ideal targets are the eyes and throat. This technique is generally unsuitable against most other targets due to

1152-405: The adjoining bones of the humerus and the forearm . They can either be linear or circular, and can be used in similar fashion to a standard hook , uppercut , or overhand . Elbow and knee strikes, especially when delivered from a clinch are generally associated with southeast Asian boxing ( Pradal Serey and Muay Lao ). A shoulder strike(also referred to as a shoulder butt) is a strike with

1200-404: The bicep of the right arm, as you add more power and speed you end up slapping your bicep on the way by. A strike using the part of the hand opposite the thumb (from the little finger to the wrist), familiar to many people as a karate chop , Shuto or Tegatana . This refers to strikes performed with the side of the knuckle of the small finger. Suitable targets for the knife hand strike include

1248-432: The chest: abdomen, thighs, groin, knees or lower, however advanced practitioner have the capability of striking head-level targets with the front kick. The side kick refers to a kick that is delivered sideways in relation to the body of the practitioner. There are two areas that are commonly used as impact points in sidekicks: the heel of the foot and the outer edge of the foot. The heel is more suited to hard targets such as

1296-516: The face and the chin tucked in. This may still be ineffective if the opponent punches effectively to the solar plexus . A fighter who becomes unconscious from a strike with sufficient knockout power is referred to as having been knocked out or KO'd ( kay-ohd ). Losing balance without losing consciousness is referred to as being knocked down ("down but not out"). Repeated blows to the head, regardless of whether they cause loss of consciousness, may in severe cases cause strokes or paralysis in

1344-411: The fingertips, wrists, forearms, shoulders, back and hips to strike an opponent as well as the more conventional fists, palms, elbows, knees and feet that are common in combat sports. Other sports and arts, such as wrestling employ no strikes in focusing on grappling techniques. There is also a form of karate called goju ryu which focuses on pressure points (joints) in the legs and arms. Arm strikes

1392-671: The forehead. It is known as a risky maneuver: a misplaced headbutt can cause more damage to the person delivering the headbutt than to the person receiving it. Checking involves striking with the side of the body, at the hip or shoulder, by shifting your balance and pushing with the furthest foot to drive the body into the opponent with force. While these movements are used extensively in ice hockey (see checking (ice hockey) ) they can be performed equally well on dry ground and are part of various self-defense techniques. These strikes rarely cause damage, but are used to off-balance or knock an opponent down. However, when applied with ample power and to

1440-426: The groin or midsection forcefully. While causing minimal striking damage on average, the attack can serve to develop a superior and/or freed position for the defendant. A headbutt is a strike with the head, typically involving the use of robust parts of the cranium as areas of impact. Effective headbutting revolves around striking a sensitive area with a less sensitive area, such as striking the nose of an opponent with

1488-403: The hand with the fingers closed into a fist and striking with the knuckles (as opposed to the hammer fist described below). There are various methods of punches, including but not limited to the straight lead, the backfist, the jab, and the vertical punch. The hammerfist is a strike with the bottom of a clenched fist, using an action like swinging a hammer, but can also be used horizontally like

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1536-434: The high probability of it breaking one's fingers. It does have the added advantage of increasing the range of normal hand striking by 3–4 inches or so as opposed to punching, backfisting, or hammer fisting. It is considered a high-level technique requiring enormous conditioning, but even accidental spear fingering can be quite devastating on the eyes such as punching mistakes seen in modern MMA circuits. A strike utilizing

1584-423: The hips allows for a downward end of the trajectory of the kick that is very deceiving. A knee strike (commonly referred to simply as a knee) is a strike with the knee , either with the kneecap or the surrounding area. The most common is the straight knee strike, often employed from a clinch or double collar tie , targeting anywhere from the groin to the head . Variants include the curved knee strike, which

1632-539: The human body. These principles are typically learned by martial artists through multiple repetitions under the supervision of a qualified instructor. Many martial arts and texts include these principles, such as karate and Jeet Kune Do . This is only a partial list. Besides applying the mechanical elements described above, strikers use particular strategies to help ensure their strikes are effective. Among these strategies are: The human hand and foot are made up of many small bones which may be damaged by heavy impact. If

1680-425: The immediacy, and over time have been linked to permanent neurodegenerative diseases such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy ("punch-drunk syndrome"). Because of this, many physicians advise against sports involving knockouts. A knockdown occurs when a fighter touches the floor of the ring with any part of the body other than the feet following a hit, but is able to rise back up and continue fighting. The term

1728-429: The martial arts and highly circumstantial. The conditioning required to effectively use it is usually better suited towards basic conditioning of other more natural parts of the body, such as punching or kicking. For example, the buckling that can occur on an unconditioned and sometimes even highly conditioned fighter when using the technique and slightly missing the main targets (eyes, neck, or nose) can do more damage to

1776-409: The mastoid muscles of the neck, the jugular, the throat, the collar bones, the 3rd vertebra (key stone of the spinal column), the upper arm, the wrist (knife hand block), the elbow (outside knife hand block), and the knee cap (leg throw). In many Japanese and Chinese martial arts systems, the knife hand is used to block as well as to strike. By tucking the thumb into the palm, a striking surface called

1824-432: The match is declared a draw. Little is known as to what exactly causes one to be knocked unconscious, but many agree it is related to trauma to the brain stem . This usually happens when the head rotates sharply, often as a result of a strike. There are three general manifestations of such trauma: A basic principle of boxing and other combat sports is to defend against this vulnerability by keeping both hands raised about

1872-539: The official attending physician at ringside to stop the fight as well. In amateur boxing, and in many regions professionally, including championship fights sanctioned by the World Boxing Association (WBA), a TKO is declared when a fighter is knocked down three times in one round (called an "automatic knockout" in WBA rules). Furthermore, in amateur boxing, a boxer automatically wins by TKO if his opponent

1920-433: The opponent's health bar , with the victor being awarded the round. The player who wins the most rounds, either by scoring the most knockouts or by having more vitality remaining when time expires during each round, wins the match. This differs from combat sports in reality, where a knockout ends the match immediately. However, some fighting games aim for a more realistic experience, with titles like Fight Night adhering to

1968-402: The ribs, stomach, jaw, temple and chest. A sidekick is performed by first chambering the kicking leg diagonally across the body, then extending the leg in a linear fashion toward the target, while flexing the abdominals. Also referred to as a round kick, or turning kick , this is the most commonly used kick in combat sports due to its power and ease of use. In most traditional martial arts,

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2016-425: The ridge-hand, or reverse knife-hand is formed, extending a few inches along the inside of the hand below the first knuckle of the first finger. Ridge-hand strikes commonly are delivered with a hooking motion, or with a straight arm swinging sideways. Suitable targets include the mastoid muscles of the neck, the jugular, throat , nose, jaw, the eyes, and the groin. The ridge hand is generally considered obsolete in

2064-409: The rules of professional boxing, although technically they are classified as sports games , and share many of the same features as NFL and NBA video games. A technical knockout ( TKO or T.K.O. ), stoppage , or referee stopped contest (RSC) is declared when the referee decides during a round that a fighter cannot safely continue the match for any reason. Certain sanctioning bodies also allow

2112-421: The small bones of the opponent's hand, causing its grip to loosen. This lets the practitioner transition smoothly into a small joint manipulation technique. However, its effectiveness when the opponent is aware that a fight is occurring has been disputed, with evidence hard to obtain due to the nature of the art and its disuse in sport, combat, sparring, or matches. An elbow strike is any type of attack utilizing

2160-429: The sternum, and the ear (although a cupped hand is more effective). The hammerfist is sometimes used during " ground-and-pound " striking in mixed martial arts to avoid damaging the bones of the hand. The hammerfist can also be used to counter grappling charges wherein the assailant goes low, grabs the defender's legs, and gives the defender a concussion to the back of the head. It is a non-lethal alternative to performing

2208-449: The striker, even when he hits decent targets instead, like the jaw or forehead. As such, it is considered a high-level and highly-circumstantial technique in the martial arts that still teach the technique, such as most forms of karate, tae kwon do, jujitsu, and kung fu. The ridge hand technique is very swift and when mastered can be a formidable technique, it was used successfully by Ian Fergusson (currently 7th degree Tae Kwon Do Master) in

2256-403: The wrist to avoid hitting the softer inner wrist tissue against the target. The bottom ridge of the palm is a surprisingly solid striking surface, and can do just as much damage as a closed fist when utilized properly (some studies have shown that a palm strike actually can produce more energy than a punch), with far less risk of injury to the striker's own hand. The palm strike is useful as it

2304-409: Was considered high level technique for advanced students/inheritors of the art. The accuracy required alongside the conditioning requirements (similar to the knuckles for traditional punching) put it as a circumstantial technique and not as a standard one. Some modern martial arts, such as Krav Maga , Aikido , Hapkido , deliver this strike to the back of the hand while being held. It puts pressure on

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