Misplaced Pages

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61-624: The name Kofa comes from a former area gold mine : the King of Arizona mine (active from 1897 to 1910), with Kofa a contraction of the name. In 1936, the Arizona Boy Scouts mounted a statewide campaign to save the bighorn sheep, leading to the creation of Kofa. The Scouts first became interested in the sheep through the efforts of Major Frederick Russell Burnham , the noted frontiersman turned conservationist who co-founded Scouting Burnham observed that fewer than 150 of these sheep lived in

122-626: A geological period when the area was wetter and cooler. The turnoff for Palm Canyon is located at Milepost 85 on US Highway 95 . A parking area is about eight miles east down a gravel road. Half a mile down the trail is a sign indicating the California fan palms. The hike to the canyon is short but strenuous. The Palm Canyon Trail is a National Recreation Trail . The refuge provides opportunities for viewing desert plants and wildlife, rock climbing, exploring old mines, and remote wilderness camping. Temperatures often exceed 120 °F (49 °C) in

183-468: A nearly 20-mile (32 km) stretch was completed in 2007 from just north of Lewiston to 6 miles (10 km) south of Moscow . US 95 is part of a proposed northwestward extension of Interstate 11 (I-11) from Las Vegas. The interstate highway would primarily follow the US ;95 corridor through central and northwestern Nevada, extending to I-80 near Reno and Sparks via Tonopah . In 2018,

244-541: A steep grade up to the rolling Palouse . At a junction with US 195 , US 95 proceeds north to Moscow as a recently completed divided highway. It becomes an undivided highway in Moscow and continues north to Coeur d'Alene , crossing I-90 . US 95 goes north to Sandpoint , where it joins with US 2 , after which the highways run concurrent until after Bonners Ferry , where US 2 heads east to Montana , and US 95 continues north to Canada , meeting BC 95 at

305-644: Is a major north–south United States Highway in the western United States. It travels through the states of Arizona , California , Nevada , Oregon , and Idaho , staying inland from the Pacific Coast . US 95 begins in San Luis, Arizona , at the Mexican border , where Calle 1—a short spur —leads to Highway 2 in San Luis Río Colorado , Sonora . Its northern terminus is at

366-676: Is a primary commercial route between Boise and northern California , connecting to I-80 at Winnemucca , Nevada . US 95 crosses into the Mountain Time Zone approximately 35 miles (56 km) north of Nevada . US 95 is an undivided two-lane highway during most of its length in Idaho, which is over 538 miles (866 km). US 95 enters Idaho from Oregon in Owyhee County , about 50 miles (80 km) southwest of Boise . It passes through Homedale and crosses

427-735: Is also produced from three platinum mines in the Stillwater igneous complex : the Stillwater mine, the Lodestar mine, and the East Boulder Project. Nevada is the leading gold-producing state in the nation, in 2018 producing 5,581,160 troy ounces (173.6 tonnes), representing 78% of US gold and 5.0% of the world's production. Much of the gold in Nevada comes from large open pit mining and with heap leaching recovery. Some of

488-465: Is an upgraded four-lane highway for approximately ten miles (16 km). The second stage, from Fighting Creek Road to Lake Creek on the Coeur d'Alene Indian Reservation, was completed in late July-early August 2006 and upgraded a seven-mile (11 km) stretch of the highway. The third stage, from Lake Creek to Worley , started mid-to-late 2006 and was completed in 2008. This section is significant, as it

549-475: Is on the Coeur d'Alene Indian Reservation. The "new" highway bypasses the Coeur d'Alene Casino , the largest business on the reservation, with the old highway becoming an alternate route that will connect the highway to the casino and the more remote regions of the reservation. This project improved a 20-mile (32 km) stretch of highway and shortened the length of the highway by about 20 miles (32 km). Also,

610-641: Is one of the few US Routes to cross from Mexico to Canada . US 95 begins in the United States at the San Luis Port of Entry , which connects it with Mexico. It then follows the Colorado River northward to San Luis and on to Yuma , where it goes through town and crosses I-8 . As it leaves Yuma, US 95 is an undivided two-lane highway that passes through the U.S. Army's Yuma Proving Ground . It then travels northward between

671-570: Is the longest highway in Nevada, at nearly 647 miles (1,040 km). It joins at the interchange as a multi-lane divided freeway past SR 173 and as part of the concurrent route of I-11 and US 93 in Boulder City. It crosses I-15 at the Spaghetti Bowl , where US 93 becomes concurrent with I-15. US 95 continues as a freeway until again becoming a divided highway at Corn Creek Road, where I-11 temporarily ends, northwest of

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732-747: The Atlantic Cable Quartz Lode was located. The Butte district, although mined primarily for copper, produced 2.9 million ounces (91 tonnes) of gold through 1990, almost all as a byproduct of copper production. Current active hardrock gold mines include the Montana Tunnels mine , and the Golden Sunlight mine . Active gold placers include the Browns Gulch placer and the Confederate Gulch placer. Gold

793-655: The Camas Prairie , then descends the Lapwai Canyon to the Clearwater River . In August 2015, milepost 420 was replaced with one reading 419.9 to prevent the sign from being stolen by marijuana enthusiasts. US 95 becomes a four-lane divided highway after crossing the river east of Lewiston ; it runs concurrent with US 12 for several miles. The highways split as US 12 continues west to Lewiston, and US 95 turns northwest and climbs

854-745: The Canadian border, at the Eastport-Kingsgate Border Crossing . US 95 was one of the original U.S. highways proposed in the 1925 Bureau of Public Roads numbering plan. Under the original proposal, the highway would only exist in Idaho , from Payette to the Canada–US border north of Eastport . When the plan was adopted by the American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials on November 11, 1926,

915-488: The Canadian border in Eastport, Idaho , where the roadway continues north as British Columbia Highway 95 . Unlike many other US Highways, it has not seen deletion or replacement on most of its length by an encroaching Interstate Highway corridor, due to its mostly rural and mountainous course. Because of this, it still travels from border to border and is a primary north–south highway in both Nevada and Idaho. This

976-561: The Cripple Creek & Victor Gold Mine at Victor near Colorado Springs , an open-pit heap leach operation owned by Newmont Mining Corporation , which produced 360,000 troy ounces (11,000 kg) of gold in 2018. Small amounts of gold were mined commercially in North Eastern Florida during the late 19th Century, at the site where Mike Roess Gold Head Branch State Park is located today. No records are extant on

1037-607: The Greens Creek polymetallic mine (56,625 ounces) accounted for the remainder of 2019 gold production. Arizona has produced more than 16 million troy ounces (498 tonnes) of gold. Gold mining in Arizona reportedly began in 1774 when Spanish priest Manuel Lopez directed Papago Indians to wash gold from gravel on the flanks of the Quijotoa Mountains, Pima County . Gold mining continued there until 1849, when

1098-498: The Idaho state line, entering southwest of Marsing in Owyhee County . The speed limit on US 95 in Oregon was 55 miles per hour (89 kilometers per hour) until March 2016, when it was raised to 70 miles per hour (110 km/h) to match the speed limits set by Nevada and Idaho. US 95 is designated the I.O.N. Highway No. 456 (see Oregon highways and routes ); "I.O.N." stands for Idaho–Oregon–Nevada. This section of highway

1159-544: The Izaak Walton League , and the Audubon Society joined the effort. On January 18, 1939, over 1.5 million acres (6,100 km) were set aside at Kofa and at Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge combined, and a civilian conservation corps side camp was set up to develop high mountain waterholes for the sheep. On April 2, 1939, Kofa National Wildlife Refuge was officially opened; Burnham gave

1220-1083: The Las Vegas Valley . Shortly after entering Nye County , US 95 becomes an undivided two-lane highway past the Mercury interchange, as it meanders northwestward through the state, roughly paralleling the California state line. Along this route, it runs through the Amargosa Valley , serving Beatty before heading north into Goldfield and Tonopah . The highway is concurrent with US 6 for several miles north of Tonopah, before it then heads north towards Hawthorne , Schurz (where it meets US 95 ALT , which heads northwest toward Yerington , Carson City —via US 50 west— Reno —via Ramsey Weeks Cutoff, US 50 east, SR 439 north, and I-80 west—and Fernley ) and Fallon . North of Fallon, it meets and runs concurrently with I-80 for 93 miles (150 km), from Exit 83 west of Lovelock to Exit 176 at Winnemucca . It then heads north to

1281-799: The Mesquite mine (owned by Equinox Gold Corp.) in Imperial County , which restarted active mining in 2007, having been inactive since 2001. Gold was discovered in 1858 during the Pike's Peak Gold Rush in the vicinity of present-day Denver in 1858, but the deposits were small. The first important gold discoveries in Colorado were in the Central City - Idaho Springs district in January 1859. Only one Colorado mine continues to produce gold,

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1342-682: The Snake River before a junction with concurrent US 20 and US 26 , which run together for eight miles (13 km). As it proceeds north, US 95 crosses I-84 and US 30 before going through the Payette National Forest . Immediately after Riggins , the highway re-enters the Pacific Time Zone as it crosses the Salmon River . US 95 follows the descending river, then climbs over White Bird Hill to

1403-454: The cougar has established a full-time presence in the park. The Kofa Mountain barberry, Berberis harrisoniana , a rare plant endemic to southwestern Arizona, occurs on the refuge. It is also home to the desert fan palm ( Washingtonia filifera ), the only native palm in Arizona. Palm Canyon is a unique natural feature predominantly known for the native palm trees that grow in the canyon. These are rare in Arizona and are likely relics of

1464-569: The Arizona mountains. He called George F. Miller, then scout executive of the Boy Scout council headquartered in Phoenix , with a plan to save the sheep. Burnham put it this way: I want you to save this majestic animal, not only because it is in danger of extinction, but of more importance, some day it might provide domestic sheep with a strain to save them from disaster at the hands of a yet unknown virus. Several other prominent Arizonans joined

1525-824: The Mexican miners were lured away by the California Gold Rush. Other gold mining under Spanish and Mexican rule took place in the Oro Blanco district of Santa Cruz County, and the Arivaca district, Pima County. Mountain man Pauline Weaver discovered placer gold on the east side of the Colorado River in 1862. Weaver's discovery started the Colorado River Gold Rush to the now ghost town of La Paz, Arizona and other locations along

1586-733: The Silver Strand mine and the Bond mine . Gold was reported in Maryland as early as 1830, but no production resulted. Placer gold was discovered at Great Falls near Washington, DC in 1861 during the American Civil War by Union soldiers from California. After the war a number of mines were opened on gold-bearing quartz veins in Montgomery County . No gold production has been reported since 1951. Total production

1647-469: The United States produced 200 tonnes (6.4 million troy ounces) of gold (down from 210 tonnes in 2018) from 12 states, worth about US$ 8.9 billion, and 6.1% of world production, making it the fourth-largest gold-producing nation, behind China , Australia and Russia . Most gold produced today in the US comes from large open-pit heap leach mines in the state of Nevada . The US is a net exporter of gold. Gold

1708-693: The United States, gold mining has taken place continually since the discovery of gold at the Reed farm in North Carolina in 1799. The first documented occurrence of gold was in Virginia in 1782. Some minor gold production took place in North Carolina as early as 1793, but created no excitement. The discovery on the Reed farm in 1799 which was identified as gold in 1802 and subsequently mined marked

1769-522: The United States, following the discovery of a 17-pound (7.7 kg) gold nugget by 12-year-old Conrad Reed in a creek at his father's farm in 1799. The Reed Gold Mine , southwest of Georgeville in Cabarrus County, North Carolina produced about 50,000 troy ounces (1,600 kg) of gold from lode and placer deposits. Gold was produced from 15 districts, almost all in the Piedmont region of

1830-496: The amount of gold produced, but the find was insufficient to keep the operation running commercially, and the small amount of pay dirt was depleted within a matter of months. Georgia is credited with a total historical production of 871,000 troy ounces (27,100 kg) of gold from 1830 through 1959. Although historically important, the state is not currently a gold producer. Gold was first discovered in Idaho in 1860, in Pierce at

1891-762: The border with Oregon at McDermitt , a distance of 73 miles (120 km). In Oregon, US 95 is an undivided two-lane highway in the sparsely-populated high desert in the southeastern corner of the state, running completely in rural Malheur County . From the Nevada state line at McDermitt , the highway heads north and gradually climbs to its crest at Blue Mountain Pass, at an elevation of 5,293 feet (1,613 m) above sea level . US 95 descends to Basque Station and Burns Junction at 3,960 feet (1,210 m), then eastward down to Rome (3,390 ft [1,030 m]) and up to Jordan Valley (4,389 ft [1,338 m]). The highway heads north-northeastward to

Kofa National Wildlife Refuge - Misplaced Pages Continue

1952-621: The dedication speech. The desert bighorn sheep is now the official mascot for the Arizona Boy Scouts, and the number of sheep in these parks have increased substantially. The Kofa Game Range, as it was called, was originally administered jointly by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Bureau of Land Management . On February 5, 1975, Kofa was transferred exclusively to the Bureau of Land Management. But in 1976 complete authority

2013-675: The first commercial production. The large scale production of gold started with the California Gold Rush in 1848. The closure of gold mines during World War II by the War Production Board Limitation Order No. 208 in autumn 1942 was a major impact on the production until the end of the war. US gold production greatly increased during the 1980s, due to high gold prices and the use of heap leaching to recover gold from disseminated low-grade deposits in Nevada and other states. In 2019

2074-727: The gold was found at the base of Quaternary gravels, but some drift mines were worked in Tertiary gravels. Total production was about 5.9 million troy ounces (183 tonnes) of gold. The Rand Mining District near Randsburg in the Mojave Desert was formed in 1895 around the Yellow Aster Mine . It was the largest gold mining district in Southern California. In 2018 California produced 140,000 troy ounces (4,400 kg) of gold from its only operating mine,

2135-968: The juncture where Canal Creek meets Orofino Creek . The leading historical gold-producing district is the Boise Basin in Boise County , which was discovered in 1862 and produced 2.9 million troy ounces (90.2 tonnes), mostly from placers. The French Creek-Florence district in Idaho County began in the 1860s, and has produced about 1 million troy ounces (31 tonnes) from placers. The Silver City district in Owyhee County began producing in 1863, and made over 1 million troy ounces (31 tonnes), mostly from lode deposits. The Coeur d’Alene district in Shoshone County has made 44,000 troy ounces (1,400 kg) of gold as byproduct to silver mining. In 2006, active gold mines in Idaho included

2196-399: The movement and a "save the bighorns" poster contest was started in schools throughout the state. Burnham provided prizes and appeared in store windows from one end of Arizona to the other. The contest-winning bighorn emblem was made into neckerchief slides for the 10,000 Boy Scouts, and talks and dramatizations were given at school assemblies and on radio. The National Wildlife Federation ,

2257-638: The nearby Rattlesnake vein and a placer deposit of gold was found in November at the Rattlesnake and Wicks gulches. Total production prior to 1904 was about $ 6,750,000. In 2018 gold production in New Mexico came as a byproduct of copper mining from Freeport-McMoRan Inc. 's Chino mine , a large open pit copper mine in Grant County . North Carolina was the site of the first gold rush in

2318-565: The new mining methods, by 1865 production was 867,000 troy ounces (27,000 kg), less than one-quarter of peak production. Production sank to 412,000 troy ounces (12,800 kg) in 1929, but then soared to more than 1,400,000 troy ounces (44,000 kg) for each year 1939 through 1941, after the price was raised from $ 20.67 to $ 35 per ounce. However, the federal government, in War Production Board Order L-208, ordered gold mines closed, to free up resources for

2379-456: The north and ending in remote Owyhee County ; as well as safety concerns because there have been numerous accidents and fatalities on the narrow and very dangerous curves. This change started with the reconstruction and improvements made to White Bird Hill. Major projects have been undertaken including on the Coeur d'Alene Indian Reservation . The first stage was completed in August 2005 from just south of Coeur d'Alene to Fighting Creek Road, and

2440-446: The north, through Amador , Calaveras , and Tuolumne counties, to Mariposa County in the south. The gold of the Mother Lode is in quartz veins within phyllite , schist , slate , and greenstone . Through 1959, the Mother Lode produced about 13.3 million troy ounces (414 tonnes) of gold. The second-largest gold-mining district in California was Grass Valley - Nevada City district in Nevada County . Gold in Holocene gravels

2501-483: The project was awarded to Washington Group International and CH2M Hill . The contract is worth more than $ 1.2 billion, and is slated to last for more than six years, cover 13 major reconstruction projects, affecting over 250 miles (400 km) of the highway's nearly 460 miles (740 km) in the state. The major factors in the reconstruction are due to the fact that US 95 is the only route that runs from north to south in western Idaho, starting at Eastport in

Kofa National Wildlife Refuge - Misplaced Pages Continue

2562-453: The proving ground to the west and the Kofa National Wildlife Refuge to the east until Quartzsite . Here, it merges with I-10 and runs concurrent , heading westward for 17 miles (27 km) until the Colorado River, where it enters California, just shy of Blythe . US 95 spends 123.16 miles (198.21 km) in Arizona. US 95 enters California at Blythe along its dual segment/concurrency with I-10 . It travels largely parallel to

2623-607: The river in the ensuing years. The most prominent of these were those of the San Francisco district, which includes the towns of Oatman , Bullhead City and Katherine in Mohave County was discovered in 1863 or 1864, but saw little activity until a rush to the district occurred in 1902. The district produced 2.0 million ounces of gold through 1959. The gold-bearing quartz veins of the Vulture Mine , southwest of Wickenburg , in Maricopa County were discovered in 1863. The mine produced 366,000 troy ounces (11,400 kg) of gold through 1959. The last gold mine to operate in Arizona

2684-420: The route of US 95 had been approved south to Weiser , still existing solely in Idaho. A proposal to extend US 95 south to Winnemucca , Nevada , was considered by AASHO in 1937; however, action was deferred due to sections in Oregon that were incomplete. AASHTO reconsidered the idea at its meeting on June 28, 1939, as part of a larger plan to extend the highway south to Blythe , California . This plan

2745-462: The state. Total gold production is estimated at 1.2 million troy ounces (37.3 tonnes). Although gold mines are spread over much of Oregon , almost all of the gold produced has come from two principal areas: the Klamath Mountains in southwest Oregon, including Coos, Curry, Douglas, Jackson and Josephine counties; and the Blue Mountains in northeast Oregon, mostly in Baker and Grant counties. US Highway 95 U.S. Route 95 ( US 95 )

2806-432: The summer, and rain falls only a few times per year. Regulated hunting on the refuge is permitted for quail , bighorn sheep, deer , cottontail rabbit , coyote , and fox . Kofa was included in the desert military training exercises conducted by General George S. Patton during World War II . Unexploded ordnance may be encountered during cross-country hiking. Gold mining in the United States#Arizona In

2867-486: The surrounding desert plains, providing excellent bighorn sheep habitat. In recent years, this herd has provided animals for transplanting throughout Arizona and neighboring states. Other notable wildlife species found in the area include the badger , desert tortoise and kit fox . Bird species that occur at Kofa include the white-winged dove , American kestrel , northern flicker , Say's phoebe , cactus wren , phainopepla , and orange-crowned warbler . In recent years,

2928-473: The war effort during World War II , and production fell to 148,000 troy ounces (4,600 kg) in 1943. Post-war gold production never reached the peak of the early 1940s, as inflation and the fixed price of gold eroded its value. The largest gold-mining district in California is the famous Mother Lode of the Sierra Nevada . Found in the early 1850s, the lode is a zone one to four miles wide and running 120 miles northwest–southeast from El Dorado County in

2989-406: The west bank of the Colorado River until it joins I-40 in Needles . The route then travels north from Goffs to the Nevada state line. The total distance in California is about 130 miles (210 km). It is the only US Highway to enter California but not terminate there. US 95 in Nevada is a divided highway between Cal-Nev-Ari (the SR 163 junction to Laughlin ) and Boulder City . It

3050-414: The world's major mining companies, including Newmont Mining , Barrick Gold and Kinross Gold , operate gold mines in the state. Active major mines include Cortez , Twin Creeks, Betz-Post , Meikle , Marigold , Round Mountain , Jerritt Canyon and Getchell . Newmont and Barrick operate the largest mining operations, on the prolific Carlin Trend , one of the world's richest mining districts. Gold

3111-649: Was about 6,000 troy ounces (190 kg). Approximately 29,000 troy ounces (900 kg) of gold were produced from the Ropes gold mine northeast of Ishpeming in Marquette County, Michigan . The underground mine, originally operated from 1880 to 1897, and reopened from 1983 to 1989, extracted gold from quartz veins in peridotite . Gold was first discovered in Montana in 1852, but mining did not begin until 1862, when gold placers were discovered at Bannack, Montana in 1862. The resulting gold rush resulted in more placer discoveries, including those at Virginia City in 1863, and at Helena and Butte in 1864. In 1867,

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3172-400: Was adopted at that meeting and became effective on January 1, 1940. On June 27, 1960, US 95 was extended further south into Arizona, through Yuma to the Mexican border in San Luis , which still serves as the southern terminus of US 95. North of Lewiston, Idaho , US 95 entered Washington for 0.91 miles (1.46 km), partially concurrent with U.S. Route 195 . The route

3233-403: Was discovered in Alabama about 1830, shortly following the Georgia Gold Rush . The principal districts were the Arbacoochee district in Cleburne County , mostly from placer deposits , and the Hog Mountain district in Tallapoosa County , which produced 24,000 troy ounces (750 kg) from veins in schist . Russian explorers discovered placer gold in the Kenai River in 1848, but no gold

3294-406: Was first discovered in New Mexico in 1828 in the “Old Placers” district in the Ortiz Mountains , Santa Fe County, New Mexico . The placer gold discovery was followed by discovery of a nearby lode deposit. In 1877, two prospectors collected float in the area of the future Opportunity Mine near Hillsboro, New Mexico , which was assayed at $ 160 per ton in gold and silver. Soon, ore was discovered at

3355-565: Was found by James Marshall at Sutters Mill, property of John Sutter, in present-day Coloma . In 1849, people started hearing about the gold and after just a few years San Francisco's population increased to thousands. Gold production in California peaked in 1852, at 3.9 million troy ounces (121 tonnes) produced in that year. But the placer deposits worked in the early years were quickly exhausted, and production crashed. Hardrock mining (in California called quartz mining ) began in 1849, and placer mining by hydraulic mining began in 1852. Despite

3416-432: Was found in 1850, followed a few years later by hydraulic mining of Tertiary gravels. By 1880, most of the mining had shifted to lode deposits, such as the Empire Mine . Through 1959, the district produced 10.4 million troy ounces (323 tonnes) of lode gold, and 2.2 million troy ounces (68.4 tonnes) of placer gold. The rich placer deposits of the Columbia Basin- Jamestown - Sonora district were found in 1853. Almost all

3477-451: Was moved to a new four-lane divided highway that bypassed Washington in October 1977. The section was replaced by an extension of US 195 and a spur route created in 1979. In April 2005, the Idaho legislature approved a bill to widen the entire highway from two lanes to four lanes for the entire route starting at the US-Canada port of entry in Eastport, and ending at the border with Oregon in remote Owyhee County . The contract for

3538-564: Was produced. Gold mining started in 1870 from placers southeast of Juneau . Alaska produced a total of 40,300,000 troy ounces (1,250,000 kg) of gold from 1880 through the end of 2007. In 2015 Alaskan mines produced 873,984 troy ounces (27,183.9 kg) of gold, 12.7% of US production. The largest gold producer is the Fort Knox mine , a large open pit and cyanide leaching operation in the Fairbanks mining district , which in 2019 produced 200,263 gold equivalent ounces. The Pogo (159,344 ounces) and Kensington (127,914 ounces) gold mines and

3599-429: Was recovered from dry placers. Other placer deposits on the west bank of the Colorado River were quickly found, including the Picacho and Cargo Muchacho districts. Placer gold deposits were found at San Ysidro in San Diego County in 1828, San Francisquito Canyon and Placerita Canyon in Los Angeles County in 1835 and 1842, respectively Major gold mining in California began during the California Gold Rush. Gold

3660-476: Was returned to the Department of Fish and Wildlife Services and the Kofa Game Range was renamed the Kofa National Wildlife Refuge. The population of desert bighorn sheep was recently estimated to be 428. They live mainly in the two ranges that dominate the refuge landscape – the Kofa Mountains and Castle Dome Mountains of northern Yuma County and southern La Paz County . These mountains are not especially high, but they are extremely rugged and rise sharply from

3721-418: Was the Gold Road mine at Oatman , which shut down in 1998. Patriot Gold is exploration drilling at the Moss mine at Oatman . In 2006, all of Arizona's gold production came as a byproduct of copper mining. Spanish prospectors found gold in the Potholes district between 1775 and 1780, along the Colorado River , in present Imperial County, California , about ten miles northeast from Yuma, Arizona . The gold

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