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71-453: In December 2016 Ekaterina Trendafilova was elected first president. Among the people charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity are Kosovo former president Hashim Thaçi and senior Kosovar politician Kadri Veseli . On 15 September 2021 the court's first trial opened, the case against Salih Mustafa . In 2010, Swiss politician Dick Marty authored a Council of Europe -report in which he noted war crimes had been committed by

142-582: A 12 October 2013 speech to the African Union in which he set a belligerent tone, Uhuru accused the ICC of being "a toy of declining imperial powers". On 31 October 2013, the ICC postponed Kenyatta's trial for crimes against humanity by three months until 5 February 2014 after the defense had requested more time. On 8 October 2014, Kenyatta appeared before the ICC in The Hague. He was called to appear at

213-517: A Single Judge, Trendafilova issued innovative decisions in an attempt to optimise the conduct of pre-trial proceedings, including by devising new streamlined systems for the application and participation in the proceedings of victims of war crimes and crimes against humanity in the Ruto and others case; Muthaura and others case and in the Ntaganda case. Judge Trendafilova addressed for the first time at

284-771: A big margin. He subsequently became Leader of the Opposition in Parliament. He backed Hon. Mwai Kibaki for re-election in the December 2007 presidential election and was named Minister of Local Government by Former President Mwai Kibaki in January 2008, before being appointed as the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Trade in April 2008 as part of the new coalition government. Subsequently, Uhuru Kenyatta

355-424: A coalition (called Party of National Unity "PNU") with President Mwai Kibaki who was running for a second term against Raila Odinga . PNU won the controversial 2007 elections but the dispute over the poll resulted in the 2007–08 Kenyan crisis . Under an agreement between the two parties to end the chaos, Kibaki remained as president in a power sharing agreement with Raila as Prime Minister, while Uhuru Kenyatta

426-490: A company, Wilham Kenya Limited, through which he sourced and exported agricultural produce. Uhuru was nominated to Parliament in 1999, he then became the Minister for Local Government under President Daniel Arap Moi and, despite his political inexperience, was favoured by Moi as his successor. Kenyatta ran as KANU's candidate in the December 2002 presidential election , but lost to the opposition candidate Mwai Kibaki by

497-761: A number of reform measures that changed how treasury and government by extension transact business, such as the Integrated Financial Management Information System (IFMIS) and a fund for the inclusion of the informal sector in the mainstream economy. In 2013, Uhuru Kenyatta was elected as the 4th President of Kenya under The National Alliance (TNA), which was part of the Jubilee Alliance with his running mate William Ruto 's United Republican Party (URP). Uhuru and Ruto won 50.07% of votes cast, with closest rivals, Raila Odinga and running mate Kalonzo Musyoka of

568-490: A political consultancy that worked to elect Donald Trump in the 2016 American presidential election, boasted that his firm had run successful presidential election campaigns in Kenya in 2013 and 2017, though he did not name Kenyatta explicitly. "We have re-branded the entire party twice, written the manifesto, done research, analysis, messaging," Turnbull said, of the campaigns that his company managed in Kenya. "I think we wrote all

639-723: A power-sharing agreement, Kenyatta was named Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Trade on 13 April 2008, as part of the Grand Coalition Cabinet. He was the Deputy Prime Minister representing the PNU, while another Deputy Prime Minister, Musalia Mudavadi , represented the ODM. Kenyatta and the rest of the Cabinet were sworn in on 17 April. Uhuru Kenyatta was later moved from Local Government and appointed Minister for Finance on 23 January 2009. During his tenure, he spearheaded

710-585: A seat in The Hague, the Netherlands. Unlike many other non-Dutch judicial institutions in The Hague, the Kosovo Relocated Specialist Judicial Institution isn't an international court, but a court constituted through Kosovan legislation. To provide a proper legal basis for the court, Kosovo's constitution was amended (amendment 24) and Law No.05/L-053 on specialist chambers and specialist prosecutor's office

781-654: A slim majority in a single round of voting. In the 1997 general election , Uhuru Kenyatta contested for the Gatundu South Constituency parliamentary seat, once held by his father, but lost to Moses Mwihia, a Nairobi architect. In 1999, Moi appointed Uhuru to chair the Kenya Tourism Board, a government parastatal. In 2001, he was nominated as a Member of Parliament , and joined the Cabinet as Minister for Local Government . He would also later be elected First Vice Chairman of KANU. In

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852-482: A spirited fight as he was being cross-examined by ICC Chief prosecutor Luis Moreno Ocampo in The Hague, denying any links with the outlawed Mungiki sect. He said Prime Minister Raila Odinga should take political responsibility for the acts of violence and killings that followed the 2007 presidential elections in Kenya. He told the three judges that "by telling his supporters election results were being rigged, fanned tensions and then failed to use his influence to quell

923-644: A strong contender for the following year's general elections, having received major defections from other big political parties of Kenya. The successful election of TNA's main candidates (Uhuru Kenyatta and William Ruto) continued to enhance TNA's viability. In January 2013, however, TNA merged with URP to form the Jubilee Alliance Party (JAP). Uhuru Kenyatta's party, The National Alliance (TNA) joined William Ruto 's United Republican Party (URP), Najib Balala's Republican Congress Party (RCP) and Charity Ngilu's National Rainbow Coalition party to form

994-648: A verdict delivered on Saturday 30 March 2013. Chief Justice Willy Mutunga in his ruling said the elections were indeed conducted in compliance with the Constitution and the law. After the Supreme Court dismissed the petitions the swearing in ceremony was held on 9 April 2013 at the Moi International Sports Centre , Kasarani , Nairobi , in accordance to Article 141 (2) (b) of the constitution which stipulates that in case

1065-923: Is a member of a number of legal associations, including the Editorial Board of Criminal Law Forum and Human Rights Review , the Women with International Societal Expertise, the Bulgarian Fulbright Society, the Bulgarian Alexander von Humboldt Society, the European Correspondents Scientific Committee of the Central International Constats et Perspectives , the Union of Bulgarian Lawyers and was President of

1136-511: The Coalition for Reforms and Democracy garnering 42%. Raila Amolo Odinga disputed the election results at the Supreme Court which however held (7–0) that the election of Uhuru was valid and such irregularities as existed did not make a difference to the final outcome. Uhuru Kenyatta was therefore sworn in as president on 9 April 2013. Uhuru ran for president in the elections held on 4 March 2013 and garnered 6,173,433 votes (50.03%) out of

1207-555: The Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) , Wafula Chebukati . However, Uhuru's election was challenged in the Supreme Court of Kenya by his main competitor, Raila Odinga . On 1 September 2017, the court declared the election invalid and ordered a new presidential election to take place within 60 days from the day of the ruling. A new presidential election was held on 26 October, which he won, with 39.03% electoral voter participation. Uhuru Kenyatta

1278-606: The Mungiki , in the post-election violence. Overall, the post-election violence of 2007 is said to have claimed about 1300 lives. Uhuru maintained his innocence and wanted his name cleared. On 8 March 2011, while serving as minister in Kibaki's government, he was indicted after being summoned to appear before the ICC pre-trial chamber. He was to appear at The Hague on 8 April 2011 alongside five other suspects. On 29 September 2011, while seeking to exonerate himself, Uhuru Kenyatta put up

1349-507: The 12,221,053 valid votes cast ahead of the second placed Raila Odinga who garnered 5,340,546 (43.7%). Uhuru's result was 50.51% of the vote and was above the 50% plus 1 vote threshold set out in the 2010 constitution, thus making him the president-elect. There was some discontent with the official results, as would be expected in such a hotly contested election, especially in Raila Odinga's strongholds. The inordinate delay in releasing

1420-585: The 12,338,667 votes cast. As this was above the 50% plus 1 vote threshold, he won the election in the first round thus evading a run-off between the top two candidates. He was, therefore, declared the fourth President of the Republic of Kenya by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC). According to the IEBC, Raila Odinga garnered 5,340,546 votes (43.4%) and was thus the second in

1491-400: The 2002 nomination process, which was widely thought as undemocratic and underhand, Moi influenced Uhuru Kenyatta's nomination as KANU 's preferred presidential candidate, sparking an outcry from other interested contenders and a massive exit from the party ensued. This move by the late President Moi was seen as a ploy to install Uhuru as a puppet so that even in retirement, Moi would still rule

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1562-748: The 2013 elections. On 17 September 2012, The National Alliance party had its first real test when it contested various civic and parliamentary positions in a by-election that covered 17 seats in total; 3 parliamentary and 14 civic. Overall, 133,054 votes were cast in the by-elections and TNA led the pack after it garnered 38.89% or 51,878 votes, followed by Orange Democratic Movement with 33.7% or 44,837 votes, Party of National Unity with 4.46% or 5,929 votes, Wiper Democratic Movement with 4.44% or 5,912 votes and United Democratic Forum with 4.15% or 5,520 votes. TNA won civic and parliamentary seats in 7 different counties while its closest challengers, ODM won seats in 4 counties. The National Alliance Party remained

1633-509: The Chairman of the IEBC, Wafula Chebukati announced Uhuru's reelection to a second term in office during the 2017 Kenyan general election, with 54% of the popular vote. This was later contested in court and annulled. Innulment, a second election was required in which Uhuru Kenyatta won with 98% of the vote with a 39% voter turnout. On 9 March 2018 Uhuru Kenyatta agreed on a truce between the opposition leader, Raila Odinga. This action marked

1704-459: The Chambers' custody. The cases against three people are in the pre-trial stage, four people are on trial, one case in the appeals stage, and three persons are serving sentences. Ekaterina Trendafilova Ekaterina Trendafilova ( Bulgarian : Екатерина Трендафилова; born 20 June 1953) is a Bulgarian lawyer and judge with international and domestic experience. She is currently serving as

1775-622: The Congo, Darfur, Uganda, Kenya, Mali). She also served as a member of the Advisory Committee on Legal Texts and of the Working Group on Lessons Learned. Together with her colleagues of Pre-Trial Chamber II, Judge Trendafilova made the landmark decision that saw President Uhuru Kenyatta , his Deputy William Ruto , former Head of Civil Service Francis Muthaura and journalist Joshua Sang committed to trial in January 2012. As

1846-975: The Criminal Division of the Legislative Consultative Council with the President of the Bulgarian Parliament. Within the purview of the criminal justice reform, Trendafilova was invited to the International Visitor Leadership Program (Criminal Justice Issues), hosted by the US Department of State with working visits to judicial and law enforcement institutions in Washington, New York, Salt Lake City, Denver, San Diego. Trendafilova completed her PhD in 1984. She

1917-862: The EU on modalities of dealing with those serious allegations. On 3 August 2015, the Kosovo Assembly adopted Article 162 of the Kosovo Constitution and the Law on Specialist Chambers and Specialist Prosecutor's Office, following the Exchange of Letters between the President of Kosovo and the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy in 2014. The Specialist Chambers are attached to each level of

1988-522: The Faculty of Law, Sofia University “St Kliment Ohridski”. She also lectured at “St. Cyril and Methodius”, Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria. She made presentations on different topics in the field of criminal law and procedure, international criminal law and criminal justice, human rights, humanitarian law and related legal fields in Japan, USA, Colombia, Switzerland, Italy, France, Germany. Ekaterina Trendafilova

2059-549: The General Election, the need for an economically empowered youth and a call to bring an end to divisive and sectarian interests in politics to safeguard Kenya from sliding to dictatorship. Machel Waikenda was the director of communications and secretary of arts and entertainment of the National Alliance, from April 2012 to August 2013 and he led the media and communications department of the party during

2130-730: The Highest Award of the Union of Bulgarian Lawyers and the Award-recognition of the Legal Initiative for Training and Development acknowledging her contribution to the legal reform and education of judges and prosecutors. In 2008, she received the “Special Merits and Contribution” award from the Bulgarian Ministry of Justice, in recognition of her outstanding contribution to Justice and the Rule of Law in

2201-464: The ICC "status conference" when the prosecution said evidence needed to go ahead with a trial was being withheld. In a speech to the Kenyan parliament Kenyatta said that he was going to The Hague in a personal capacity — not as president of the country — so as not to compromise the sovereignty of Kenyans. Kenyatta did not speak in court, but denied the charges in comments to journalists as he left

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2272-439: The ICC confirmed the cases against Kenyatta and Muthaura although the charges against Muthaura were subsequently dropped. Serious concerns about the case have been raised, particularly the nature of the evidence being used against Kenyatta. There are also serious concerns about witness tampering and indeed, a number of witnesses have disappeared or died, which is the reason cited by the ICC for dropping charges against Mathaura. On

2343-554: The International Criminal Court the issue whether members of armed groups engaged in a non-international armed conflict may be held accountable for war crimes, in particular rape and sexual slavery, committed against fellow fighters; and whether the war crime of intentionally attacking civilians may be committed through conduct other than the traditional shelling or bombarding, such as by raping, destruction of civilian properties and pillaging towns and villages in

2414-541: The Jubilee Alliance coalition. Various opinion polls prior to the election placed Uhuru as one of the main contenders, and his Jubilee Alliance as among the most popular. The other formidable coalition was the Coalition For Reform and Democracy (CORD), led by Raila Odinga . In undercover video footage, released in a BBC news report on 19 March 2018, the managing director of Cambridge Analytica,

2485-729: The KLA. Partly based on that report, the prosecutor of the Special Investigative Taskforce (SITF) of the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo (EULEX Kosovo) concluded sufficient evidence existed for prosecution of "war crimes, crimes against humanity as well as certain crimes against Kosovan law". The court is located outside Kosovo on request of the prosecutor in order to provide adequate protection to witnesses. The Kosovo authorities have agreed with

2556-590: The Legal Section of the Union of Bulgarian Scholars. Ekaterina Trendafilova is widely published in the field of international and comparative criminal justice, criminal procedure and human rights. She published in Bulgaria and abroad, notably in the USA, France, Italy, Spain, The Netherlands, Brazil, Germany and South Africa on standards applicable to transitional justice, including fairness and expeditiousness of

2627-675: The Pre-Trial Division; ad hoc Judge of the Appeals Division sitting on interlocutory appeals and on the final appeals in the cases of the Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo (on both judgments – on the merits of the criminal case and on reparations for victims) and the Prosecutor v. Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui . She was assigned to various situations and cases before the Court (Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of

2698-548: The Republic of Bulgaria. In 2014 Trendafilova was awarded the Golden Badge of Honour of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for the promotion of the prestige of the Republic of Bulgaria in the administration of International Justice. Uhuru Kenyatta Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta CGH ( / ʊ . h uː . r uː k ɛ n . j ɑː . t ɑː / born 26 October 1961) is a Kenyan politician who served as

2769-599: The Supreme Court of Kenya to contest the result . The groups were the Coalition For Reform and Democracy, CORD, led by Raila Odinga , and the Africa Centre for Open Governance (AFRICOG). Uhuru Kenyatta and his running mate were respondents in these cases and were represented by Fred Ngatia and Katwa Kigen respectively. The Supreme court judges unanimously upheld the election of Uhuru Kenyatta as Kenya's fourth president after rejecting Raila Odinga's petition in

2840-437: The Supreme Court upholds the victory of the president-elect, the swearing in will take place on "the first Tuesday following the seventh day following the date on which the court renders a decision declaring the election to be valid". During his inaugural speech, Uhuru promised economic transformation through Vision 2030 , unity among all Kenyans, free maternal care and that he will serve all Kenyans. He also promised to improve

2911-788: The TNA launch was a strong indication that he would contest for the party's presidential nomination ticket in his quest for the presidency in the 2013 General Elections. The Justice and Constitutional Affairs Minister Eugene Wamalwa and Eldoret North Constituency MP William Ruto led more than 70 MPs in attending the function. The Speaker of the East African Legislative Assembly, Abdi Ramadhan, Cabinet Ministers Mohamed Yusuf Haji , Jamleck Irungu Kamau , Dr. Naomi Shaaban, Samuel Poghisio , Professor Sam Ongeri and Dr. Mohammed Kuti and MPs Charles Cheruiyot Keter , Aden Bare Duale and Mohamed Maalim Mohamud also attended

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2982-665: The allied parties that campaigned for his election victory during the 2013 election . He later on went to form a merger with the United Republican Party (URP) led by William Ruto to form the Jubilee Party. Kenyatta was re-elected for a second and final term in the August 2017 general elections , winning 54% of the popular vote. The win was formally declared on national television by the Chairperson of

3053-650: The contemporary trends in the field. Between 2004 and 2006, she was appointed expert of the European Commission CARDS Regional Project “Establishment of an Independent, Reliable and Functioning Judiciary and Enhancing the Judicial Co-Operation in the Western Balkans”, which involved field missions to Croatia, Montenegro, Albania, Macedonia with a view to formulating recommendations for judicial reforms. She

3124-569: The country through Uhuru and presumably insulate himself against the numerous charges of abuse of office that plagued his presidency. Uhuru finished second to Mwai Kibaki in the General Elections, with 31% of the vote. He conceded defeat and took up an active leadership role as Leader of the Opposition . In January 2005, Uhuru Kenyatta defeated Nicholas Biwott for chairmanship of KANU, taking 2,980 votes among party delegates against Biwott's 622 votes. Uhuru led his party KANU in

3195-603: The country's watershed moment that redrew its political architecture. On 27 November 2019, Uhuru Kenyatta launched the Building Bridges Initiatives (BBI) in Bomas of Kenya. This is one of the outcomes as a result of the truce with the opposition leader Raila Odinga as its implementations will foresee some amendments in the Kenyan Constitution . Prior to him becoming president, Kenyatta

3266-416: The course of military operations. In February 2015, sitting in the Appeals Chamber, Judge Trendafilova dissented from the decision to uphold the Trial Chamber’s acquittal of Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui , a militia leader of commanding fighters who destroyed the village of Bogoro in eastern Congo in 2003, raping and hacking to death some 200 people, including children. The original 2012 trial judgment had been only

3337-422: The court system in Kosovo – Basic Court, Court of Appeals, Supreme Court and Constitutional Court. They will function according to relevant Kosovo laws as well as customary international law and international human rights law. The EU has supported the process from the outset and together with other contributing countries (Canada, Norway, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United States of America) will financially support

3408-458: The court to catch a flight back home. "We as Kenyans, we know where we came from, we know where we are going, and nobody will tell us what to do," he said. The judges adjourned the hearings and charges were dropped on 13 March 2015. On 20 May 2012, Uhuru Kenyatta attended the elaborately assembled and much-publicized launch of The National Alliance party in a modern high-tech dome at the Kenyatta International Conference Centre . His presence at

3479-422: The event. Speeches at the launch revolved around the need for a thriving economy, the need for the rights of people of all classes in society to be championed, the need for peaceful co-existence, the need for visionary and committed leadership, the need for transformative leadership, the need for a youthful crop of committed professionals in leadership, the need for free and fair nomination and election processes in

3550-418: The field of eight candidates. CORD, under the leadership of presidential candidate Raila Odinga , lodged a petition with the Supreme Court of Kenya on 10 March 2013 challenging Uhuru's election. On 30 March 2013, Dr Willy Mutunga , the Chief Justice of Kenya, read the unanimous Supreme Court ruling declaring the election of Uhuru Kenyatta and his running-mate, William Ruto , as valid. On 11 August 2017,

3621-556: The first President of the Kosovo Specialist Chambers – a position to which she was appointed in December 2016 for a four-year term and took her office on 12 January 2017. Prior to her appointment to the Kosovo Specialist Chambers, President Trendafilova was elected a Judge of the International Criminal Court with most votes at the first round of elections. During her mandate at the International Criminal Court, she served between 2006 and 2015 as member of Pre-Trial Chambers I, II and III; Presiding Judge of Pre-Trial Chamber II; President of

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3692-424: The fourth president of Kenya from 2013 to 2022. The son of Jomo Kenyatta , Kenya's first president, he previously served as Deputy Prime Minister from 2008 to 2013. Daniel Arap Moi had picked Kenyatta as his preferred successor. Uhuru Kenyatta. However, he was defeated by the then opposition leader Mwai Kibaki in the 2002 election , and Kibaki was subsequently sworn in as the President. Kenyatta served as

3763-473: The member of parliament (MP) for Gatundu South from 2002 to 2013 and also as Deputy Prime Minister to Raila Odinga from 2008 to 2013. Currently he is a member and the party leader of the Jubilee Party of Kenya , whose popularity has since dwindled. Kenyatta was previously a member of the Kenya Africa National Union (KANU), a political party that had led Kenya to independence in 1963. He resigned from KANU in 2012 and joined The National Alliance (TNA), one of

3834-475: The proceedings, criminal procedure, the relationship between the International Criminal Court and African countries and the incorporation of human rights law into the criminal justice system. In 2000, Trendafilova was awarded the “Author of the Year” award for contribution to the legal literature with the monographic paper “The Amendments to the Criminal Procedure Code from 1999: Theoretical Grounds, Legislative Decisions, Tendencies”. In 2006 Trendafilova received

3905-403: The referendum campaigns against the draft constitution in 2005 , having teamed up with the Liberal Democratic Party , a rebel faction in the Kibaki government, to form the Orange Democratic Movement . The result of this was a vote against the adoption of the draft constitution by a noticeable margin, which was a great political embarrassment to Emilio Mwai Kibaki. In November 2006, Kenyatta

3976-491: The results and the technical failure of some safeguards and election equipment deployed by the IEBC did not help the perception that the election had been less than free and fair. Further, an exit poll conducted by UCSD Professor Clark Gibson and James Long, Asst. Prof. and University of Washington suggested that neither Odinga nor Kenyatta had attained the 50% plus one vote threshold. Analysts have contended that even though elections for five other levels were held in Kenya at

4047-491: The same time, their national turnout levels and total vote tallies were about 16% less than the presidential total; e.g. while 10.6 million voters elected candidates for member of the National Assembly, the Senate and the 47 gubernatorial seats, almost 2 million more voted in the presidential election. This has fueled concern and speculations of vote manipulation in President Kenyatta's favor. Two groups disputed these results and filed petitions challenging various aspects of it at

4118-439: The second verdict in the court's history and the first time it had cleared a suspect. Judge Trendafilova argued that the Appeals Chamber should have ordered a retrial because of errors by the Trial Chamber, saying that vital evidence was disregarded. Ekaterina Trendafilova is active in the field of legal reform. In 2016, she consulted the Parliament of Kazakhstan on possible reforms of the Kazakh criminal justice system in light of

4189-407: The speeches, and we staged the whole thing—so just about every element of this candidate." A Jubilee Party vice president admitted on 20 March 2018, that the party had hired an affiliate of Cambridge Analytica for "branding" in the 2017 election. Uhuru Kenyatta was officially declared the president elect on Saturday 9 March at 2:44 pm. As per the IEBC's official results, Uhuru got 6,173,433 of

4260-460: The standards of education in Kenya. During the Madaraka day Celebrations, a national holiday celebrated to the country's independence on 1 June, President Uhuru Kenyatta announced free maternal care in all public health facilities, a move that was welcomed by many Kenyans. On 1 September 2017, the Supreme Court of Kenya nullified the re-election of Uhuru Kenyatta after the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) had announced him

4331-463: The violence that followed the announcement of the 2007 presidential results." Though Uhuru had previously dismissed ICC summons, he changed his decision along the way. Together with his two other co-accused suspects, Head of Civil Service, Ambassador Francis Muthaura and former Police Commissioner Hussein Ali, the trio honoured the ICC Summons that sought to determine whether their cases met the set standards for international trials. On 23 January 2012,

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4402-401: The work of the court. The Specialist Chambers comprises two organs, the Chambers and the Registry. The Specialist Prosecutor's Office is an independent office for the investigation and prosecution of the crimes within the jurisdiction of the Specialist Chambers. The Specialist Chambers and the Specialist Prosecutor's Office are staffed with international judges, prosecutors and officers and have

4473-611: Was Kibaki's choice as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister For Finance in his share of Cabinet slots. On 13 September 2007, Uhuru Kenyatta withdrew from the December 2007 presidential election in favour of Kibaki for re-election. He said that he did not want to run unless he could be sure of winning. Following the election, amidst the controversy that resulted when Kibaki was declared the victor despite claims of fraud from challenger Raila Odinga and his Orange Democratic Movement , Kibaki appointed Kenyatta as Minister for Local Government on 8 January 2008. After Kibaki and Odinga reached

4544-400: Was Minister of Finance from 2009 to 2012, while remaining Deputy Prime Minister. Accused by the International Criminal Court (ICC) of committing crimes against humanity in relation to the violent aftermath of the 2007 election , he resigned as Minister of Finance on 26 January 2012. He was elected as President of Kenya in the March 2013 presidential election , defeating Raila Odinga with

4615-469: Was an expert with the PHARE Twinning project (Bulgaria–Austria) on the “Execution of the Reform Strategy of the Judiciary in Bulgaria. Access to Justice”. Trendafilova contributed to the legal reform in Bulgaria. In 1998–1999 she was the head of the working group on the reform of the Bulgarian Criminal Procedure Code in line with European and international standards for efficient administration of justice and an effective protection of human rights. She chaired

4686-431: Was approved. The court will be staffed by EU personnel and will have international judges only. The costs of the court will be borne by the EU as part of its Common Foreign and Security Policy . The four specialized chambers are all chambers of corresponding regular Kosovar institutions: A total of 11 persons have been indicted in the Kosovo Specialist Chambers. Of those indicted, all have been arrested and transferred to

4757-414: Was born on 26 October 1961, to the first president of Kenya , Jomo Kenyatta , and his fourth wife, Mama Ngina Kenyatta (née Muhoho). The second born in the family , he has two sisters, Christine (born 1953), Anna Nyokabi (born 1963) and a brother, Muhoho Kenyatta (born 1965). His family hails from the Kikuyu , a Bantu ethnic group. His given name " Uhuru " is from the Swahili term for "freedom" and

4828-437: Was displaced as KANU leader by the late Nicholas Biwott. On 28 December 2006, the High Court of Kenya reinstated Uhuru Kenyatta as KANU chairman. However, further court proceedings followed. On 28 June 2007, the High Court confirmed Kenyatta as party leader, ruling that there was insufficient evidence for Biwott's argument that Kenyatta had joined another party. In the run up to the 2007 general election, he led KANU to join

4899-415: Was given to him in anticipation of Kenya's upcoming independence. Uhuru attended St Mary's School in Nairobi . Between 1979 and 1980, he also briefly worked as a teller at the Kenya Commercial Bank . After attending St. Mary's school, Uhuru went on to study economics, political science and government at Amherst College in the United States . Upon his graduation, Uhuru returned to Kenya, and started

4970-400: Was granted a Humboldt (1993–1994) and a Fulbright scholarship (1997). She was a deputy district attorney at the Sofia District Court (1985–1989) as well as a barrister with the Sofia bar (1995–2006). Trendafilova was the representative of Bulgaria with the UN Commission for Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (1992–1994). In 2001, Trendafilova was appointed Professor in Criminal Justice at

5041-423: Was named as a suspect of crimes against humanity by the International Criminal Court (ICC) prosecutor Luis Moreno Ocampo , for planning and funding violence in Naivasha and Nakuru . This was in relation to the violence that followed the bungled national elections of December 2007 . In furtherance of his political support for Kibaki's PNU at the time, he was accused of organising a Kikuyu politico-religious group,

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