Kalasan ( Indonesian : Candi Kalasan , Javanese : ꦕꦟ꧀ꦝꦶꦏꦭꦱꦤ꧀, Candhi Kalasan ), also known as Candi Kalibening , is an 8th-century Buddhist temple in Java , Indonesia . It is located 13 kilometers (8.1 mi) east of Yogyakarta on the way to Prambanan temple, on the south side of Jalan Solo main road (part of Indonesian National Route 15 ) between Yogyakarta and Surakarta . Administratively, it is located in the Kalasan District ( kapanewon ) of Sleman Regency .
26-616: According to the Kalasan inscription dated 778 AD, written in Sanskrit using Pranagari script , the temple was erected by the will of Guru Sang Raja Sailendravamçatilaka (the Jewel of the Sailendra family) who succeeded in persuading Maharaja Tejapurnapana Panangkaran (in another part of the inscription also called Kariyana Panangkaran) to construct Tarabhavanam , a holy building for
52-456: A Tārā sacred building to honor his teachers that have run for 700 years. 7. The Kalasa village has been given to Samgha after calling the witnesses; prominent people the village authorities which are Pangkura, Tavana, Tiripa. 8. The alms of “bhura” that is incomparable given to the Sangha by the "king like a lion" (rājasimha-) by the kings of the Śailendra dynasty and subsequent rulers. 9. By
78-526: A building for the noble (Buddhist) monks skilled in the Mahāyana teachings, has been established by experts 4. Tārā's sacred building as well as the (building) belongs to the noble monks had been established by the officials commissioned by the king, called Pangkura, Tavana, Tiripa. 5. A sacred building for Tārā has been established by the teachers of Śailendra king in a growing kingdom the jewel (ornament) of Śailendra dynasty 6. Mahārāja Panangkarana constructed
104-405: A millennia ago. Niches where the statues would have been placed are found inside and outside the temple. The niches adorned an outer wall intricately carved with Kala, gods, and divinities in scenes depicting the svargaloka , the celestial palace of the gods, apsaras , and gandharvas . The roof of the temple is designed in three sections. The lower one is still according to the polygonal shape of
130-407: Is crowned with stupas. The middle part of the roof is an octagonal (eight-sided) shape. Each of these eight sides adorned with niches contains a statue of a Dhyani Buddha flanked by two standing bodhisattvas. The top part of the roof is almost circular and also has 8 niches crowned with a single large dagoba . The octagonal aspect of the structure has led to speculation of non-Buddhist elements in
156-473: Is located 13 kilometers (8.1 mi) east of Yogyakarta on the way to Prambanan temple, on the south side of Jalan Solo main road (part of Indonesian National Route 15 ) between Yogyakarta and Surakarta . Administratively, it is located in the Kalasan District ( kapanewon ) of Sleman Regency . According to the Kalasan inscription dated 778 AD, written in Sanskrit using Pranagari script ,
182-492: Is to be found in the smaller rooms facing north, west, and south; but the lotus pedestals suggest that the rooms once contained statues of Bodhisattvas . The temple is richly decorated with Buddhist figures such as the Bodhisattva and Gana . The Kala Face above the southern door has been photographed and used by several foreign academics in their books to give an idea of the artistry in stone by Central Javanese artists of
208-492: The Dutch colonial era, the temple is currently in poor condition. Compared to other temples nearby such as Prambanan, Sewu , and Sambisari the temple is not well maintained. The temple stands on a square 14.20 meters sub-basement. The temple plan is cross-shaped, and designed as a twelve-cornered polygon. Each of the four cardinal points has stairs and gates adorned with Kala-Makara and rooms measuring 3,5 square meters. No statue
234-585: The Kalasan inscription, the temple once houses the large (probably reaching 4 meters tall) statue of the Boddhisattvadevi Tara. By the design of the throne, most probably the statue of the goddess was in a seated position and made from bronze. Now the statue is missing, probably the same fate as the bronze Buddha statue in Sewu temple, being looted for scrap metal over centuries. On the outer wall of
260-621: The Pangkura and his followers, the Tavana and his followers, the Tiripa and his followers, by the soldiers, and religious leaders, then the next, 10. "The king that is like a lion" (rājasimhah) asked repeatedly to the upcoming kings to be bound to Dharma so that they will be protected forever. 11. Well, by granting the vihara (monastery), all sacred knowledge, the Law of Cause and Effect, and births in
286-545: The Sailendra family's realm. Panangkaran awarded the Kalaça village to Sangha (Buddhist monastic community). According to the date of this inscription, Kalasan temple is the oldest of the temples built in the Prambanan Plain . Despite being renovated and partially rebuilt during the Dutch colonial era, the temple is currently in poor condition. Compared to other temples nearby such as Prambanan, Sewu , and Sambisari
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#1732773221159312-445: The body and contains small niches with statues of bodhisattvas seated on a lotus. Each of these niches is crowned with stupas. The middle part of the roof is an octagonal (eight-sided) shape. Each of these eight sides adorned with niches contains a statue of a Dhyani Buddha flanked by two standing bodhisattvas. The top part of the roof is almost circular and also has 8 niches crowned with a single large dagoba . The octagonal aspect of
338-607: The creatures in the world drowned in misery, he take across (with) three true knowledges, she Tarā who became the only guiding star for direction in the world and (the realm of) the gods . 2. A holy building for the Tārā that is truly beautiful was ordered by the teachers of Sailendra king, after obtaining the approval of the Maharaja Dyah Pancapana Panamkarana 3. By order of the teacher, a sacred building (dedicated) to Tārā has been established, and likewise
364-400: The goddess (boddhisattvadevi) Tara . In addition, a Vihara ( monastery ) was built for Buddhist monks from the Sailendra family's realm. Panangkaran awarded the Kalaça village to Sangha (Buddhist monastic community). According to the date of this inscription, Kalasan temple is the oldest of the temples built in the Prambanan Plain . Despite being renovated and partially rebuilt during
390-2004: The inscription also called Kariyana Panangkaran) to construct a holy building for (Bodhisattvadevi) Tara and also build a Vihara (monastery) for Buddhist monks from Sailendra family's realm. Panangkaran donated the Kalaça village to Sangha (Buddhist monastic community) . The temple dedicated to Tara is identified as Kalasan temple. The inscription now is displayed in the National Museum of Indonesia , Jakarta , under inventory number No. D.147. Namo bhagavatyai āryātārāyai 1. yā tārayatyamitaduḥkhabhavādbhimagnaṃ lokaṃ vilokya vidhivattrividhair upayaiḥ Sā vaḥ surendranaralokavibhūtisāraṃ tārā diśatvabhimataṃ jagadekatārā 2. āvarjya mahārājaṃ dyāḥ pañcapaṇaṃ paṇaṃkaraṇāṃ Śailendra rājagurubhis tārābhavanaṃ hi kāritaṃ śrīmat 3. gurvājñayā kŗtajñais tārādevī kŗtāpi tad bhavanaṃ vinayamahāyānavidāṃ bhavanaṃ cāpyāryabhikṣūṇāṃ 4. pangkuratavānatīripanāmabhir ādeśaśastribhīrājñaḥ Tārābhavanaṃ kāritamidaṃ mapi cāpy āryabhiksūṇam 5. rājye pravarddhamāne rājñāḥ śailendravamśatilakasya śailendrarajagurubhis tārābhavanaṃ kŗtaṃ kŗtibhiḥ 6. śakanŗpakālātītair varṣaśataiḥ saptabhir mahārājaḥ akarod gurupūjārthaṃ tārābhavanaṃ paṇamkaraṇaḥ 7. grāmaḥ kālasanāmā dattaḥ saṃghāyā sākṣiṇaḥ kŗtvā pankuratavānatiripa desādhyakṣān mahāpuruṣān 8. bhuradakṣineyam atulā dattā saṃghāyā rājasiṃhena śailendrarajabhūpair anuparipālyārsantatyā 9. sang pangkurādibhih sang tāvānakādibhiḥ sang tīripādibhiḥ pattibhiśca sādubhiḥ, api ca, 10. sarvān evāgāminaḥ pārthivendrān bhūyo bhūyo yācate rājasiṃhaḥ, sāmānyoyaṃ dharmmasetur narānāṃ kāle kāle pālanīyo bhavadbhiḥ 11. anena puṇyena vīhārajena pratītya jāta arthavibhāgavijñāḥ bhavantu sarve tribhavopapannā janājinānām anuśsanajñāḥ 12. kariyānapaṇaṃkaraṇaḥ śrimān abhiyācate bhāvinŗpān, bhūyo bhūyo vidhivad vīhāraparipālan ārtham iti. Honor for Bhagavatī Ārya Tārā 1. After seeing all
416-456: The large (probably reaching 4 meters tall) statue of the Boddhisattvadevi Tara. By the design of the throne, most probably the statue of the goddess was in a seated position and made from bronze. Now the statue is missing, probably the same fate as the bronze Buddha statue in Sewu temple, being looted for scrap metal over centuries. On the outer wall of the temple found traces of plaster called vajralepa (lit: diamond plaster). The same substance
442-422: The rooms once contained statues of Bodhisattvas . The temple is richly decorated with Buddhist figures such as the Bodhisattva and Gana . The Kala Face above the southern door has been photographed and used by several foreign academics in their books to give an idea of the artistry in stone by Central Javanese artists of a millennia ago. Niches where the statues would have been placed are found inside and outside
468-553: The structure has led to speculation of non-Buddhist elements in the temple, similar to some interpretations of the early Borobudur structure. The temple is facing east, with the eastern room also serving as access to the main central room. In the larger main room, there is a lotus pedestal and throne carved with makara, lion, and elephant figures, similar to the Buddha Vairocana throne found in Mendut temple. According to
494-401: The temple found traces of plaster called vajralepa (lit: diamond plaster). The same substance was also found in the nearby Sari temple. The white-yellowish plaster was applied to protect the temple wall, but now the plaster has worn off. The temple is located on the archaeologically rich Prambanan plain. Just a few hundred meters northeast of Kalasan temple is located Sari temple. Candi Sari
520-401: The temple is not well maintained. The temple stands on a square 14.20 meters sub-basement. The temple plan is cross-shaped, and designed as a twelve-cornered polygon. Each of the four cardinal points has stairs and gates adorned with Kala-Makara and rooms measuring 3,5 square meters. No statue is to be found in the smaller rooms facing north, west, and south; but the lotus pedestals suggest that
546-414: The temple was erected by the will of Guru Sang Raja Sailendravamçatilaka (the Jewel of the Sailendra family) who succeeded in persuading Maharaja Tejapurnapana Panangkaran (in another part of the inscription also called Kariyana Panangkaran) to construct Tarabhavanam , a holy building for the goddess (boddhisattvadevi) Tara . In addition, a Vihara ( monastery ) was built for Buddhist monks from
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#1732773221159572-417: The temple, similar to some interpretations of the early Borobudur structure. The temple is facing east, with the eastern room also serving as access to the main central room. In the larger main room, there is a lotus pedestal and throne carved with makara, lion, and elephant figures, similar to the Buddha Vairocana throne found in Mendut temple. According to the Kalasan inscription, the temple once houses
598-415: The temple. The niches adorned an outer wall intricately carved with Kala, gods, and divinities in scenes depicting the svargaloka , the celestial palace of the gods, apsaras , and gandharvas . The roof of the temple is designed in three sections. The lower one is still according to the polygonal shape of the body and contains small niches with statues of bodhisattvas seated on a lotus. Each of these niches
624-453: The three worlds (as appropriate with) Buddhism, can be understood. 12. Kariyana Panangkarana asked repeatedly to upcoming noble kings to always protect this important temple according to the rules. Kalasan Kalasan ( Indonesian : Candi Kalasan , Javanese : ꦕꦟ꧀ꦝꦶꦏꦭꦱꦤ꧀, Candhi Kalasan ), also known as Candi Kalibening , is an 8th-century Buddhist temple in Java , Indonesia . It
650-514: Was most probably the monastery mentioned in the Kalasan inscription. Further east lies the Prambanan complex, Sewu temple, and Plaosan temple. 7°46′1″S 110°28′22″E / 7.76694°S 110.47278°E / -7.76694; 110.47278 Kalasan inscription The Kalasan inscription is an inscription dated 700 Saka (778 CE), discovered in Kalasan village, Sleman Regency , Yogyakarta , Indonesia . The inscription
676-508: Was written in Sanskrit with Pranagari script (Northern India). This is the first inscription discovered in Indonesia that mentioned the dynastic name of Sailendra as Sailendravamça . The inscription mentioned Guru Sang Raja Sailendravamçatilaka (Teacher of the King, the Jewel of the Sailendra family) who succeeded in persuading Maharaja Tejapurnapana Panangkaran (in other part of
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