53-752: The Kangla Sanathong ( Meitei for 'The Royal Entrance to the Kangla '), also known as the Kangla Gate , is the western entrance gate to the Kangla Fort in Imphal West district of Kangleipak ( Meitei for ' Manipur '). In Meitei language (officially called Manipuri language ), "Sanathong" ( Meitei : ꯁꯅꯊꯣꯡ ) literally means "the golden door", in which "sanā" ( Meitei : ꯁꯅꯥ ) means gold and "thong" ( Meitei : ꯊꯣꯡ ) means door . During June 2019, Nongthombam Biren Singh ,
106-760: A "first language" subject at primary level in 24 schools throughout the state. In December 2021, Tripura University proposed to the Indian Ministry of Education and the University Grants Council (UGC) , regarding the introduction of diploma courses in Meitei, along with international languages like Japanese, Korean and Nepali. The exact classification of the Meitei language within Sino-Tibetan remains unclear. It has lexical resemblances to Kuki and Tangkhul . The Meitei language
159-514: A compound from mí 'man' + they 'separate'. This term is used by most Western linguistic scholarship. Meitei scholars use the term Meit(h)ei when writing in English and the term Meitheirón when writing in Meitei. Chelliah (2015: 89) notes that the Meitei spelling has replaced the earlier Meithei spelling. The language (and people) is also referred to by the loconym Manipuri. The term
212-661: A group of seven traditional artisans from Manipur led by Ibomcha Meitei. According to " The Free Press Journal " , the number of traditional artisans was fifteen. During October 2021, a model of the Kangla Sanathong (Royal Kangla Gate) was exhibited in the 72nd online exhibition series of the Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya (IGRMS). Kept in the Tribal Habitat Open Air Exhibition of
265-514: A household. The Khencho ( ꯈꯦꯟꯆꯣ ), an early Meitei work of poetry was composed by the beginning of the 7th century CE. Although it is obscure and unintelligible to present-day Meiteis, it is still recited as part of the Lai Haraoba festival. One of the best-preserved early Meitei language epigraphic records is a copper plate inscription dating to the reign of King Khongtekcha ( r. c. 763 – 773 CE ). During
318-412: Is a tonal language . There is a controversy over whether there are two or three tones. Meitei distinguishes the following phonemes : Consonants Vowels Note: the central vowel /ɐ/ is transcribed as <ə> in recent linguistic work on Meitei. However, phonetically it is never [ə], but more usually [ɐ]. It is assimilated to a following approximant: /ɐw/ = [ow], /ɐj/ = [ej]. A velar deletion
371-514: Is a 3rd-century narrative work describing the establishment of a colony in Kangleipak by a group of immigrants led by Poireiton , the younger brother of the god of the underworld. The Yumbanlol , a copper plate manuscript was composed in the 6th century or 7th century CE for the royal family of Kangleipak. It is a rare work of dharmashastra , covering sexuality, the relationships between husbands and wives, and instructions on how to run
424-643: Is an Indian politician, former footballer and journalist who is currently serving as the 12th Chief Minister of Manipur since 2017, in addition to representing the Heingang Assembly constituency in the Manipur Legislative Assembly since 2002. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party . Besides being the chairman of Shri Shri Govindaji Temple Board , he is the first incumbent Chief Minister who serves as
477-555: Is derived from the name of the state of Manipur . Manipuri is the official name of the language for the Indian government and is used by government institutions and non-Meitei authors. The term Manipuri is also used to refer to the different languages of Manipur and to the people. Additionally, Manipuri, being a loconym, can refer to anything pertaining to the Manipur state. Speakers of Meitei language are known as "Kathe" by
530-661: Is noted to occur on the suffix -lək when following a syllable ending with a /k/ phoneme. Meitei has a dissimilatory process similar to Grassmann's law found in Ancient Greek and Sanskrit , though occurring on the second aspirate. Here, an aspirated consonant is deaspirated if preceded by an aspirated consonant (including /h/, /s/ ) in the previous syllable. The deaspirated consonants are then voiced between sonorants. /tʰin-/ pierce + Nongthombam Biren Singh Nongthombam Biren Singh ( Meitei pronunciation : /nōng-thōm-bam bī-ren sīng/; born 1 January 1961)
583-594: Is the first-ever BJP Chief Minister in Manipur. In January 2018, he laid the foundation stone for the new academic building of Manipur Public School. The project is undertaken by Manipur Minorities and OBC Economic Development Society (MOBEDS). The cost of the project is estimated to be Rs 10.80 crore under the Union Ministry of Minority Affairs and will include new classrooms, headmaster's room, common rooms, library, laboratories, toilets, and separate hostels for boys and girls. On 20 April 2018, Singh launched
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#1732783161856636-569: Is the official language and the lingua franca of Manipur and an additional official language in four districts of Assam . It is one of the constitutionally scheduled official languages of the Indian Republic . Meitei is the most widely-spoken Tibeto-Burman language of India and the third most widely spoken language of northeast India after Assamese and Bengali . There are 1.76 million Meitei native speakers in India according to
689-811: Is the official language of the Government of Manipur as well as its lingua franca . There are nearly 170,000 Meitei-speakers in Assam, mainly in the Barak Valley , where it is the third most commonly-used language after Bengali and Hindi. Manipuri is also spoken by about 9500 people in Nagaland, in communities such as Dimapur , Kohima , Peren and Phek . Meitei is a second language for various Naga and Kuki-Chin ethnic groups. There are around 15,000 Meitei speakers in Bangladesh mainly are in
742-679: The Burmese people , "Moglie" or "Mekhlee" by the people of Cachar , Assam ( Dimasas and Assamese ) and "Cassay" by the Shan people and the other peoples living in the east of the Ningthee River (or Khyendwen River). "Ponna" is the Burmese term used to refer to the Meiteis living inside Burma . The Meitei language exhibits a degree of regional variation; however, in recent years
795-613: The Chief Minister of Manipur , launched an LED display board at the Kangla Western Gate. Operated by the "Leibak Information Technology Pvt Ltd, Khurai Thoidingjam Leikai" , the LED board displays advertisements and information about the Kangla and other news. On 15 June 2022, the Government of Manipur , led by Chief Minister Nongthombam Biren Singh , unveiled the bronze statue of Meidingu Nara Singh , built at
848-550: The Democratic Revolutionary Peoples Party and won the assembly elections from Heingang . He retained the seat in 2007 contesting with an Indian National Congress ticket after joining the party in 2003. Serving as the Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports, he quit the party in 2016 before joining the Bharatiya Janata Party . In 2017 , he retained his seat from Heingang again and was named
901-509: The Ethnologue , the alternative names of Meitei language are Kathe, Kathi, Manipuri, Meetei, Meeteilon, Meiteilon, Meiteiron, Meithe, Meithei, Menipuri, Mitei, Mithe, Ponna . The name Meitei or its alternate spelling Meithei is preferred by many native speakers of Meitei over Manipuri. The term is derived from the Meitei word for the language Meitheirón ( Meithei + -lon 'language', pronounced /mə́i.təi.lón/ ). Meithei may be
954-526: The Government of Manipur , flagged off the international cycling trek of Ji Ingobi Chongtham , a 21 year old cyclist of Manipur , for his 220-day seven-nation tour of different South Asian countries, including Myanmar , Thailand , Malaysia , Cambodia , Laos , Vietnam and Singapore . On 19 June 2022, Nongthombam Biren Singh , the Chief Minister of Manipur , flagged off an E-Rickshaw roadshow at Western Gate of Kangla in Imphal . On 27 June 2022, at
1007-540: The Manipuri Sahitya Parishad (Manipuri Language Council). It also invested ₹ 6 crore (equivalent to ₹ 7.1 crore or US$ 850,000 in 2023) in the creation of a corpus for the development of the Meitei language. The Department of Manipuri of Assam University offers education up to the Ph.D. level in Meitei language. Since 1998, the Government of Tripura has offered Meitei language as
1060-600: The Manipuri Sahitya Parishad and the All Manipur Students' Union demanded that Meitei be made an official language for more than 40 years, until Meitei was finally added to the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India in 1992. Meitei became an associate official language of Assam in 2024, following several years of effort by the Meitei associate official language movement to protect
1113-755: The Moirangs , the Angoms , the Luwangs , the Chengleis ( Sarang-Leishangthems ), and the Khaba-Nganbas . Each had their respective distinct dialects and were politically independent from one another. Later, all of them fell under the dominion of the Ningthouja dynasty , changing their status of being independent "ethnicities" into those of "clans" of the collective Meitei community . The Ningthouja dialect
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#17327831618561166-429: The 2011 census , 1.52 million of whom are found in the state of Manipur , where they represent the majority of its population. There are smaller communities in neighbouring Indian states, such as Assam (168,000), Tripura (24,000), Nagaland (9,500), and elsewhere in the country (37,500). The language is also spoken by smaller groups in neighbouring Myanmar and Bangladesh . Meitei and Gujarati jointly hold
1219-605: The BSF and turned to journalism. Despite having had no formal training and experience, he began the Meitei language daily Naharolgi Thoudang in 1992 and worked as the editor till 2001. In 2002, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Manipur, as the Democratic Revolutionary Peoples Party (DRPP) candidate in the constituency Heingang. He later joined the Indian National Congress . He
1272-650: The Chief Minister after his party gained Coalition and formed the government. In 2022 he once again retained his seat from Heingang . He has won the Heingang assembly constituency since 2002. Under Mr. Singh’s leadership that the BJP not only increased its seat share in the Manipur Assembly, from 21 (in 2017) to 32 (in 2022), but had also managed to weather several storms while running the government in
1325-598: The First State-Level Ginger Festival at Parbung in Pherzawl District. The festival will remain one of Singh's legacies in the promotion of agriculture in the hill district which is one of the most backward in the state. Farmers have reported that since 2018 they are able to sell their organic ginger throughout the year. During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in India, Manipur became the third State to declare itself coronavirus free after
1378-662: The IGRMS museum, it was displayed online with the informative descriptions including photographs and videos. During October 2017, at the western Kangla Gate, Nongthombam Biren Singh , the Chief Minister of Manipur , opened the first evening of "Imphal Evenings" , a night plaza in Imphal . In August 2019, in the Western Kangla Gate, Karam Shyam , the Consumer Affairs Food And Public Distribution Minister of
1431-561: The Kamarupan group—a geographic rather than a genetic grouping. However, some still consider Meitei to be a member of the Kuki-Chin-Naga branch . The Meitei language has existed for at least 2000 years. According to linguist Suniti Kumar Chatterjee , the ancient Meitei literature dates back to 1500 to 2000 years before present . The earliest known Meitei language compositions is the ritual song Ougri ( ꯑꯧꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ), which
1484-490: The Kangla gate, Nongthombam Biren Singh , the Chief Minister of Manipur , flagged off the "Relief Assistance & Disaster Response Team" for the flood-affected people of Assam . Along with the relief materials consisting of 135 quintals of rice , 102 bags of dal , 120 bags of salt , 120 boxes of mustard oil , 40 personnels of State Disaster Response Force (SDRF) were also sent for rescue operations. On 7 June 2021, at
1537-550: The Kangla western entrance gate in Imphal . During June 2017, the Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya (IGRMS) of Bhopal built a replica of the Kangla Gate. To revitalise the vanishing but valuable cultural traditions, the IGRMS museum added the "Kangla Gate" in the entrance gate of the Open-air Exhibition Tribal Habitat of the museum. The grand Kangla Gate in IGRMS was crafted by
1590-496: The Manipur Congress spokesperson Devabrata Singh said that "Biren Singh is acting like a dictator. All his critics have been sidelined." Journalist Kishorechandra Wangkhem was arrested on charges of sedition on 21 November 2018 for calling the state's BJP Chief Minister, N Biren Singh, a puppet of the central government led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Singh's tenure saw the outbreak of ethnic violence between
1643-732: The Spokesperson and Co-convener of the Election Management Committee of BJP Manipur Pradesh. He won the 2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly Election from Heingang Assembly Constituency. In March 2017, he was elected as leader of the BJP Legislature Party in Manipur and with a majority of MLAs having been presented to the Governor, he was sworn in as Chief Minister of Manipur on 15 March 2017. He
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1696-758: The Western Kangla Gate, an interfaith prayer event was organised under the supervision of Nongthombam Biren Singh , the Chief Minister of Manipur , to attain divine healings and protections from COVID-19 in Manipur . The prayer event was participated by the representatives from Sanamahism ( Lainingthou Sanamahi Temple Board ), Christianity ( Archbishop Most Rev. Dominic Lumon , All Manipur Christian Organisation ), Hinduism ( priests from Shree Shree Govindajee Temple Board ), Islam ( Jamiat-Ul-Ulema ), Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak , Sikhism ( Giani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee ), Jainism ( Shree Digambar Jain Samaj ) and Kabui religion ( Kabui Poupei Chapriak Fom ). During
1749-503: The broadening of communication, as well as intermarriage, has caused the dialectal differences to become relatively insignificant. The only exceptions to this occurrence are the speech differences of the dialects found in Tripura, Bangladesh and Myanmar. The exact number of dialects of Meitei is unknown. The three main dialects of Meitei are: Meitei proper, Loi and Pangal. Differences between these dialects are primarily characterised by
1802-649: The districts of Sylhet , Moulvibazar , Sunamganj and Habiganj in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh. In the past, there was a Meitei speaking population in Dhaka , Mymensingh and Comilla also. Manipuri is used as a second language by the Bishnupriya Manipuri people . Myanmar has a significant Meitei speaking population in the states of Kachin and Shan and the regions of Yangon , Sagaing , and Ayeyarwady , among others. According to
1855-763: The educational institutions in Manipur. It is one of the 40 instructional languages offered by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), controlled and managed by the Ministry of Education . Meitei is taught as a subject up to the post-graduate level in Indian universities, including Jawaharlal Nehru University , Delhi University , Gauhati University , and the University of North Bengal . Indira Gandhi National Open University teaches Meitei to undergraduates. Meitei language instruction has been offered in
1908-470: The extensions of new sounds and tonal shifts. Meitei proper is considered to be the standard variety —and is viewed as more dynamic than the other two dialects. The brief table below compares some words in these three dialects: Devi (2002) compares the Imphal , Andro , Koutruk, and Kakching dialects of Meitei. Meitei is the sole official language of the Government of Manipur , and has been an official language of India since 1992. Meitei language
1961-691: The heights of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022, the Department of Archaeology of the Government of Manipur allowed the opening of all the three entrance gates of the Kangla , including the Kangla western gate. All the three grand doors were opened because of a large number of NGOs and clubs visiting the Kangla Fort to lit torches for the Yaoshang festival. Five representative members of each association and organization were allowed to enter either of
2014-407: The identity, history, culture and tradition of Manipuris in Assam. The Meitei language is one of the 13 official languages of the India used to administer police, armed services, and civil service recruitment exams. The Press Information Bureau of the Indian Ministry of Information and Broadcasting publishes in 14 languages, including Meitei. Meitei is a language of instruction in all in
2067-554: The last five years. More recently, the state under Singh's leadership saw the outbreak of the 2023-2024 Manipur violence . Born in 1961 in Imphal, Manipur, Singh holds a BA from Manipur University. Singh is married to Hiyainu Devi, with one son and two daughters. He began his career as a footballer and got recruited in the Border Security Force (BSF) playing for its team in domestic competitions. He resigned from
2120-530: The lower primary schools of Assam since 1956. The Board of Secondary Education, Assam offers secondary education in Manipuri. The Assam Higher Secondary Education Council of Assam offers both Meitei-language schooling and instruction in Meitei as a second language. Since 2020, the Assam Government has made an annual grant of ₹ 5 lakh (equivalent to ₹ 5.9 lakh or US$ 7,100 in 2023) to
2173-621: The president of the Lainingthou Sanamahi Temple Board (LSTB), the temple development board of Lainingthou Sanamahi of the Sanamahi religion since 2021. N. Biren Singh was awarded Champions of Change in 2018 for his exceptional work to the nation. The award was conferred by the Vice-President of India Sri. Venkaiah Naidu at Vigyan Bhavan New Delhi. Turning to politics in 2002, Singh joined
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2226-508: The recently passed bill in the Manipur Legislative Assembly to protect indigenous peoples would not harm any community in the state. In October 2016, Biren resigned from the Manipur Legislative Assembly and the Manipur Pradesh Congress Committee , this came after revolt against Okram Ibobi Singh , the then Chief Minister of Manipur . Singh formally joined the BJP on 17 October 2016 and later became
2279-466: The same time period, Akoijam Tombi composed the Panthoibi Khonggul ( ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯏꯄꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯀꯨꯜ ), an account of the romantic adventures of the deified Meitei princess Panthoibi . In 1100 CE, a written constitution, ( Meitei : ꯂꯣꯏꯌꯨꯝꯄ ꯁꯤꯜꯌꯦꯜ , romanized: Loyumba Shinyen ), was finalised by King Loiyumba ( r. c. 1074 – 1112 CE ) of Kangleipak . It
2332-611: The same time, the Hinduised King Pamheiba ordered that the Meitei script be replaced by the Bengali-Assamese script . In 1725 CE, Pamheiba wrote Parikshit , possibly the first piece of Meitei-language Hindu literature , based on the story of the eponymous king Parikshit of the Mahabharata . The majority of Meitei speakers, about 1.5 million live in the Indian state of Manupur. Meitei
2385-404: The third place among the fastest growing languages of India , following Hindi and Kashmiri . Meitei is not endangered : its status has been assessed as safe by Ethnologue (where it is assigned to EGIDS level 2 "provincial language"). However, it is considered vulnerable by UNESCO. The Manipuri language is associated with the Ningthouja dynasty ( Mangangs ), the Khuman dynasty ,
2438-412: The three gates on 18 and 19 March 2022, from 7 am to 4 pm. Meitei language Meitei ( / ˈ m eɪ t eɪ / ; ꯃꯩꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ , Eastern Nagari script : মৈতৈলোন্ , [mejtejlon] ( IPA ) , romanized: meiteilon ) also known as Manipuri ( ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ , Eastern Nagari script : মণিপুরী , [mɐnipuɾi] ( IPA ) ), is a Tibeto-Burman language of northeast India . It
2491-402: The trust vote. All members resigned from Indian National Congress and later joined Bharatiya Janata Party in presence of Ram Madhav , Baijayant Panda and Chief Minister of Manipur Biren Singh. In January 2017, his son N Ajay was sentenced to a five-year jail term for the murder of Irom Roger after a traffic related altercation during Holi in 2011. During the 2022 Manipur Election,
2544-416: The two patients who had tested positive successfully recovered from the virus. On 17 June 2020, 9 MLAs supporting the N. Biren Singh led government in Manipur revolted against him and withdrew support from his government blaming him for lack of action during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the vote of confidence, he was one of the eight MLAs who had skipped the assembly proceedings defying the party whip for
2597-420: Was a codification of the proto-constitution drafted by King Naophangba in 429 CE. Before 1675 CE, the Meitei language experienced no significant influence from any other languages. Beginning in the late 17th century, Hindu influence on Meitei culture increased, and the Meitei language experienced some influences from other languages, on its phonology , morphology (linguistics) , syntax and semantics . At
2650-429: Was appointed Minister of State of Vigilance in the Manipur state government in May 2003. In 2007 he retained his Assembly seat, contesting on behalf of the Indian National Congress . He was later appointed the Minister of Irrigation & Flood Control and Youth Affairs & Sports in the State Government. In 2012 he again retained his Assembly seat for the third consecutive term. In September 2015, Biren stated that
2703-738: Was predominant, and received heavy influences from the speech forms of the other groups. Meitei is one of the advanced literary languages recognised by Sahitya Akademi , India's National Academy of Letters. Meitei belongs to the Tibeto-Burman branch of the Sino-Tibetan languages. During the 19th and 20th centuries, different linguists tried to assign Meitei to various sub-groups. Early classifier George Abraham Grierson (1903–1924) put it in Kuki-Chin , Vegelin and Voegelin (1965) in Kuki-Chin-Naga, and Benedict (1972) in Kuki-Naga. Robbins Burling has suggested that Meitei belongs to none those groups. Current academic consensus agrees with James Matisoff in placing Manipuri in its own subdivision of
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#17327831618562756-459: Was the court language of the historic Manipur Kingdom , and before it merged into the Indian Republic. The Sahitya Akademi , India's National Academy of Letters, recognised Meitei as one of the major advanced Indian literary languages in 1972, long before it became an official language in 1992. In 1950, the Government of India did not include Meitei in its list of 14 official languages. A language movement , spearheaded by organisations including
2809-425: Was used in religious and coronation ceremonies of Kangleipak . It may have existed before the Common Era . Numit Kappa ( Meitei : ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯀꯥꯞꯄ , transl: The Shooting of the Sun), a religious epic that tells the tale of how the night was divided from the day, was also composed in the first century. Poireiton Khunthok ( Meitei : ꯄꯣꯢꯔꯩꯇꯣꯟ ꯈꯨꯟꯊꯣꯛ , transl: The Immigration of Poireiton)
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