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26-453: Some shrines are the "first shrines" called ichinomiya that have the highest rank in their respective provinces of Japan . The Ise Grand Shrine stood at the top of all shrines and thus was outside the classification. All listed shrines on this page with the exception of Ise Grand Shrine are Beppyo shrines . On the fourteenth day of the fifth month of 1871, by decree of the Dajō-kan ,

52-535: A 1903 snapshot of the 193,297 shrines in existence at that time saw the following: Ichinomiya Ichinomiya ( 一宮 , also 一の宮 or 一之宮 ; first shrine) is a Japanese historical term referring to the Shinto shrines with the highest rank in a province . Shrines of lower rank were designated ninomiya ( 二宮 , second) , sannomiya ( 三宮 , third) , shinomiya ( 四宮 , fourth) , and so forth. The term gave rise to modern place names, such as

78-492: A pair at all nationally ranked shrines. The colonization of Korea marked the beginning of a shift frrom a meiji era "pioneer theology" to a universal theology and Amaterasu became more prominent and was generally paired with Kunitama. Some people identified Dangun with Susanoo-no-Mikoto , the government not wanting to take a stand on this enshrined the generic Okunitama at Chōsen Jingu so believers could have their own interpretations. Ogasawara Shozo  [ ja ]

104-512: Is a type of kami or god who acts as a tutelary deity or guardian of a province of Japan or sometimes other areas in Shinto. The term is sometimes treated as a specific deity itself especially with Hokkaidō Shrine , and other colonial shrines, a or as an epithet in the case of Okunitama Shrine or a part of a deity's name in the case of Yamato Okunitama , whose name is also sometimes interpreted as an epithet. In ancient times it

130-631: The Japanese colonial empire . In 1871, the Japanese government established the Kanpei-sha (官幣社) system to classify Shinto shrines based on their level of association with the imperial family. The highest category included shrines that venerated the imperial family members, emperors, or meritorious retainers of the Imperial family. These shrines were considered to be the most closely associated with

156-513: The Nara period , kokushi were appointed as imperial governors of each province. When the kokushi travelled from Heian-kyo to his local seat at the provincial capital , the first shrine he called upon officially in his province was the "ichinomiya". As the purpose of this visit was to announce to the local kami of his appointment to office, it was important that this shrine be dedicated to important local deities and to be located close to

182-614: The Shima Province Ichinomiya was considered part of it, as was Izawa-jinja which was also seen as the Shima Province Ichinomiya Kashima Jingu and Katori Jingu were considered the two shrines directly below Ise Jingu. The Kan-sha ( 官社 ) or "official government shrines" had two subdivisions, Kanpei-sha or "government shrines" and Kokuhei-sha or "national shrines". For future tables, red cells denote shrines in

208-467: The "Metropolitan shrines" as "Metropolitan and Prefectural Shrines" or Fuken-sha ( 府県社 ) . "Clan shrines" or "Domain shrines" were known as Han-sha ( 藩社 ) . Due to the abolition of the han system , no shrines were ever placed in this category. "District shrines" were known as Gō-sha ( 郷社 ) . Musashi Province Ichinomiya "Village shrines" were known as Son-sha ( 村社 ) and ranked below their respective "District shrines", in accordance with

234-481: The District Shrine Law of 4 July 1871. Small local shrines known as Hokora ( 祠 ) are ranked beneath the village shrines, in accordance with the District Shrine Law of 4 July 1871. At a later date, shrines beneath the rank of "Village shrines" were classed as "Ungraded shrines" or Mukaku-sha ( 無格社 ) . New shrines were established and existing shrines promoted to higher ranks at various dates, but

260-477: The city of Ichinomiya, Aichi , named after Masumida Shrine in the former Owari Province . The term "Ichinomiya" literally means "first shrine" and is popularly regarded as the highest ranking shrine in each province . The second ranking shrine is referred to as the "Ninomiya" and third ranking shrine as "Sannomiya", and so on. However, there is no documentary material stipulating on how the shrines in each province are to be ranked, or even when this ranking system

286-611: The deities to worship in Yamato Province were Ōmononushi , Okunitama , and Kotoshironushi . Motoori Norinaga discussed the concept. Those virtuous kami who care for the land are called kunitama or kunimitama. A generic "Kunitama" was among the Three Pioneer Kami ( 開拓三神 , Kaitaku Sanjin ) Ōkunitama  [ simple ] , Ōkuninushi , and Sukunabikona used in Japanese colonial shrines. They are all Kunitsukami or earthly kami representing

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312-533: The fundamental elements of the modern shrine system were established: a hierarchic ranking of Shinto shrines, with specification of the grades of priest who could officiate at the various levels of shrine. These rankings were set aside in 1946, when such rankings were deemed " State Shinto " by the Occupation Shinto Directive . The Jinja Honcho currently has a slightly different List of Special Shrines (別表神社, beppyo jinja ). Izawa-no-miya

338-1081: The general public. Ōnamuchi Sukunahikona-no-kami Mount Miwa Kushinadahime Ōkuninushi Ashinazuchi Tenazuchi Empress Shoken Amaterasu Susanoo Yamatotakeru Miyazu-hime Takeinadane  [ ja ] Empress Jingū Tamayori-hime Toyotama-hime Emperor Chūai Emperor Ōjin Empress Jingū Hoori Toyotama-hime Ugayafukiaezu Tamayori-bime Ninigi-no-Mikoto Ugayafukiaezu Tamayori-bime Kōyamiko-no-Ōkami Ōgetsuhime-no-kami Ichikishimahime-no-Ōkami Yasakatome Kotoshironushi Amaterasu Ame-no-oshihomimi Ninigi-no-Mikoto Hoori Emperor Jimmu Kunitama Okami Amaterasu Okami Empress Kōgyoku , Emperor Tenji , Empress Jingū Emperor Meiji Amaterasu Omikami The mid-range of ranked Imperial shrines or Kanpei Chūsha (官幣中社) included 23 sanctuaries. These shrines were considered to be of intermediate rank among

364-586: The government-supported shrines and were given lesser financial support compared to the Kanpei-taisha. Izanagi Izanami-no-Mikoto There were five shrines that were considered the lowest ranked among the Imperial shrines. They were called Kanpei-shōsha (官幣小社). Emperor Ōjin Empress Jingū Okunitama After the establishment of the officially ranked Imperial shrines, another group of special shrines known as Bekkaku kanpeisha (別格官幣社)

390-472: The imperial family and received government support. The Kanpei-taisha were the most highly ranked shrines in Japan that were officially designated by the government. There were 67 shrines that held this status, which were closely associated with the imperial family. These shrines were considered to be of great historical and cultural significance, and were often visited by members of the imperial family as well as

416-531: The land. This started in the Matsumae Domain during haibutsu kishaku where many shrines in Hokkaido were forced to adopt such deities in that group. There was very little worship of such deities there at that time and as a result not much objection to it. This came to be later used in many overseas shrines to justify colonialism. In Korea Kunitama and Amaterasu were enshrined together. as

442-471: The proclamation of the fourteenth day of the fifth month of 1871 into four main ranks, "Metropolitan", "Clan" or "Domain", "Prefectural", and "District" shrines. By far the largest number of shrines fell below the rank of District shrine. Their status was clarified by the District Shrine Law ( 郷社定則 , Gōsha Teisoku ) of the fourth day of the seventh month of 1871, in accordance with which "Village shrines" ranked below their respective "District shrines", while

468-576: The provincial capital. Even after the collapse of the Ritsuryō system by the Kamakura period , the ichinomiya continued to enjoy a certain prestige, and often after all vestiges of the provincial capital had fallen into ruins and its exact location lost, the term "Ichinomiya" was often preserved as a place name. Tachibana Mitsuyoshi, a noted Shinto scholar in the early Edo Period , visited ichinomiya nationwide for 23 years starting 1675, and wrote

494-461: The record of his travels in a 13 volume account. This began the popularization of pilgrimages by the common populace to these shrines. Under State Shinto , the ichinomiya were not accorded any special status. Many were accorded high ranks under the Modern system of ranked Shinto shrines . While there can be only one "first shrine" in each province, several provinces have various rival candidates for

520-417: The smaller local shrines or Hokora ranked beneath the "Village shrines". Here is a non-exhaustive list of shrines under each categorization. This list only includes ones now listed as Beppyo shrines unless otherwise specified. "Metropolitan shrines" were known as Fu-sha ( 府社 ) . "Prefectural shrines" were known as Ken-sha ( 県社 ) . At a later date, the "Prefectural shrines" were classed together with

546-427: The title. This has arisen for various reasons: relocation of the provincial capital can result in a new ichinomiya being appointed. In some cases, the merger of two provinces can result in two ichinomiya for the new province. In other cases, due to the ambiguity in the criteria for ichinomiya designation and due to conflicting ancient records, rival claimants have arisen. Kunitama Kunitama (国魂)

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572-503: Was a strong advocate of these positions and his advocacy was associated with the enshrinement of Okunitama at both Chōsen Jingu , and Keijō Shrine . He advocated enshrining of Dangun at Chōsen Shrine , and others argued that in Korea Kunitama was Dangun and should be called Chosen kunitama. In 1936 Keijō Shrine released a memo saying that Okunitama was in fact a generic title forr any Korean deity and not Dangun. The name

598-513: Was also changed to Kunitama-no-Okami as a parallel to Amaterasu Omikami An ethnic Korean group proposed to take over Okunitama worship after the war but was denied. State authorities at Chōsen Jingu however never allowed for Okunitama to be called "Chosen kunitama" and indigenous Dangun traditions were suppressed in favor of worshipping Amaterasu in the shrine. In Manchukuo there were proposals to identify Kunitama with Nurhaci but they were not accepted. At Mōkyō Jinja Genghis Khan

624-678: Was believed that every province had a kunitama. Yamato Okunitama is the Kunitama of Yamato Province . He is sometimes identified with Ōmononushi . As the Yamato court grew in power shrines were made in more and more places outside of the Yamato region. Musahi no Okunitama  [ simple ; ja ] of the Musashi Province was traditionally identified as Ōkuninushi . Hirata Atsutane said in his morning prayers that

650-590: Was created. As a general rule, all shrines designated "Ichinomiya" are of ancient origin and are listed in the Engishiki records completed in 927AD. However, the shrine selected is not necessarily the largest, or oldest, in that province, and is not necessarily one of the " Myojin Taisha ", which are regarded as the most important shrines. Rather, per the Ritsuryō legal and administrative system established in

676-1101: Was created. These shrines were not included in the ranking system of the Imperial shrines, but were still imperial. The Kokuhei-sha ( 国幣社 ) identified the hierarchy of government-supported shrines with national significance. The kokuheisha enshrined kami considered beneficial to more local areas. The most highly ranked, nationally significant shrines or Kokuhei Taisha ( 国幣大社 ) were six sanctuaries. The mid-range of ranked, nationally significant shrines or Kokuhei Chūsha ( 国幣中社 ) encompassed 47 sanctuaries. The lowest ranked, nationally significant shrines or Kokuhei Shōsha ( 国幣小社 ) includes 50 sanctuaries. Gokoku shrines were ranked separately. They were considered branches of Yasukuni Shrine . This list only includes those which are currently ranked as Beppyo shrines . The Sho-sha ( 諸社 ) or various smaller shrines ranking below these two levels of Kan-sha ("official government shrines") are commonly, though unofficially, referred to as "people's shrines" or Min-sha ( 民社 ) . These lower-ranking shrines were initially subdivided by

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