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26-779: At the beginning trailhead at Watershed Park , the Karen Fraser Woodland Trail meanders west, briefly following Interstate 5 and Indian Creek before crossing through the Olympia border into the city of Lacey. The trail crosses the Chehalis Western Trail, at a roundabout connection named Hub Junction, and continues on a westerly path past the Lacey Depot, a picnic and trained-themed playground area. The trail terminates past Woodland Creek Community Park near Long Lake . Future phases will extend

52-542: A moderate growth rate of 0.3–0.6 metres (12-24 inches) per year. 30-40% of the plant's biomass is underground. It has perennial (not biennial ) woody stems that are covered with fine prickles , especially on new growth. The plant has golden or yellowish brown erect or arching stems (also known as "canes") that often form thickets, like many other brambles in the genus Rubus . The leaves are alternate, trifoliate (with three leaflets), 7–22 centimetres (3– 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 inches) long and typically ovate in shape, with

78-460: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Watershed Park Watershed Park is a 153-acre temperate rain forest public park located in Olympia, Washington that supplied almost all the city's water from privately established wells in the late 1800s. The city acquired and operated the wells starting in 1917 until the 1950s when the municipal water source was replaced. In 1955

104-450: Is crucial for its pollination. Birds and mammals also help with dispersion of seeds through their feces, while rodents and other burrowing animals may further help with dispersion. Some notable mammals crucial for the dispersion of seeds are the grizzly and American black bears, which can deposit 50,000 to 100,000 seeds in one pile of feces. Salmonberry have several traits that make it highly resistant to fire. Rhizomes and root crowns below

130-437: Is largely dependent on the environment, there is an estimated growth of 30 fruits per 3m^2 (32 ft^2) and 17-65 seeds per fruit. Salmonberry sprout mainly from the buds found on rhizomes, stumps, and root crowns of the plant. The flowers cannot self-pollinate and are instead pollinated by insects, hummingbirds, and beetles. Salmonberries ripen approximately 30–36 days after pollination, from early May to late July in most of

156-594: Is often dominant and fast-growing in early-seral communities. Its size and population growth decline in abundance as the canopy begins to form, and may also be influenced by other factors such as basal area, plant disturbance, and population density. In open areas they often form large thickets, and are found to associate with stands of red alder ( Alnus rubra ), lady fern ( Athyrium filixfemina ), western skunk cabbage ( Lysichiton americanus ), devil's club ( Oplopanax horridus ), thimbleberry ( Rubus parviflorus ), and threeleaf foamflower ( Tiarella trifoliata ). In

182-477: Is still used as a food source and medicinal plant in regions of Alaska today. Other uses by Native Americans include: It is also widely grown as an ornamental plant for its flowers, with a double-flowered clone identified in Washington and British Columbia . R. spectabilis has escaped cultivation and become naturalized in parts of northwestern Europe , including Great Britain , Ireland and

208-559: The Faroe Islands . The salmonberry is important to multiple indigenous people of America in its native range. The Makah people call the plant ka'k'we'abupt and the berry ka'k'we ; the Cowlitz people call the plant e'twanac and the berry e'twan ; speakers of Lower Chinook call it yunts . The Squamish people call the plant yetwánáy and the berries yetwán , the shoots are called stsá7tskaý (pronounced saskay ). In

234-501: The Pacific Northwest and July to August in cooler Northern climates. They are 1.5–2 cm ( 1 ⁄ 2 – 3 ⁄ 4  in) long and resemble large shiny yellow to orange-red raspberries . The fruit pulls away from its receptacle , differentiating it from blackberries . Botanically speaking, the salmonberry is not a true berry , but instead an aggregate fruit made of many smaller drupelets . The fruits of

260-584: The Saanich dialect , it is called elile . The birdsong of the Swainson's thrush , sometimes known as the salmonberry bird, is a phenological indicator known to multiple indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest Coast to be associated with the ripening of salmonberries. The birdsong itself is even said to make the berries ripen, as is the case of the Saanich people who give the birdsong

286-583: The Squaxin Island Tribe , were installed at the Watershed trailhead in 2021 after an arts initiative begun by the city of Olympia. A commemoration marker to honor a local couple for their civil rights work was installed on the trail at Goose Pond in 2022. This article related to a protected area in the state of Washington is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Thurston County, Washington state location article

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312-557: The color polymorphism. A similar species from Japan, the red-flowered raspberry ( ベニバナイチゴ ) was once considered a subspecies as R. spectabilis subsp. vernus . It is now reclassified as R. vernus . Salmonberries are typically found in coastal areas with nitrogen-rich soils , in moist to wet forests and streambanks, increasing in abundance in areas of high rainfall and decreasing in abundance at higher elevations and continentality. Ecologically speaking, salmonberry tends to spread quickly and needs plenty of room to grow, and

338-593: The creation of the Olympia Woodland Trail and the Lacey Woodland Trail. The city of Lacey began to obtain rail lines from Burlington Northern and Georgia-Pacific between 2002 and 2005. In October 2017, the two trails were renamed with a single name to honor State Senator Karen Fraser who previously represented the area and was, in 1976, the first female mayor of Lacey. A pair of ten-foot cedar wood carvings, created by an artist of

364-405: The creek. There are big leaf maple , douglas fir , red alder and incense cedar throughout the park, along with huckleberry , Oregon grape , licorice and sword ferns , and devil's club . The one and a half-mile long, G. Eldon Marshall trail encircles much of the park. Evidence of the former waterworks in the form of pipes is scattered throughout the park, as well. A future expansion of

390-456: The entire waterworks in 1909, and sold it to the City of Olympia in 1917. After operating the wells into the 1950s, the city planned to log the area and sell the property, leading to a Washington Supreme Court battle that led to the area's preservation, with a city ordinance protecting the area presently. Local environmental activist Margaret McKenny is recognized as the impetus for establishing

416-473: The forest was to be logged and the land sold but strong local opposition resulted in an ordinance preserving the area as a city park. Throughout, remnants of the waterworks are visible from the park trails. The park takes its name from the watershed of Moxlie Creek . Water wells for the city of Olympia were first created in the area now comprising Watershed Park in the late 19th century. Influential Western Washington businessman Henry Clay Heermans bought

442-435: The park as a protected place. The Moxlie Creek Springs Basin, one of the largest spring basins in the region, is situated in the center of the park, which is completely forested by a temperate rain forest . Skunk cabbage and salmon berries grow alongside Moxlie Creek, which weaves throughout the area. The creek is fed by groundwater and surface water runoff. Chinook , coho salmon and coastal cutthroat trout live in

468-413: The paved Karen Fraser Woodland Trail will extend the trail to run along the northwestern edge of the park, creating a connection with Tumwater Falls Park. This expansion will connect with Watershed's hiking trails. The park has suffered from gypsy moth infestations. Salmon berry Rubus spectabilis , the salmonberry , is a species of bramble in the rose family Rosaceae , native to

494-497: The salmonberry plant exhibit polymorphism , as berries are often either red in color or a yellow-orange color. Studies have found that although both red and yellow-orange morphs have similar physical qualities, the red berries are more commonly consumed by birds, although this is likely not a strong enough selective pressure to determine color morph distribution alone; factors such as soil type (which affects germination), along with other unstudied factors are more likely responsible for

520-733: The soil surface usually survive, even if top stems are burned. Depending on burial depth, seeds also often remain unharmed. Additionally, the plant tend to quickly sprout after fires, allowing for rapid growth and regeneration. Salmonberries are susceptible to many diseases, including mildew, fruit rot, rust, root rot, and viral and bacterial diseases. Their fruits, foliage, canes, roots, and crowns may also be damaged by pests such as beetles, aphids, mites, moths, among others. Salmonberries are edible. The fruit has been referred to as " insipid ", but depending on ripeness and site, they are good eaten raw – whether red or golden – and when processed into jam, candy, jelly and wine. Native American people ate

546-439: The terminal leaflet being larger than the two side leaflets, which are sometimes shallowly lobed. The margins of the leaflets are doubly serrate . The leaves are also stipulate and are smooth to slightly hairy on the top surface, compared to the underside, which are typically more pale and hairy. In late fall and winter months, salmonberry leaves will fall, and the plant remains dormant or maintains minimal shoot elongation during

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572-584: The trail west through Watershed Park, crossing the Deschutes River , and ending at Tumwater Falls . The future Deschutes Valley Trail will start at Tumwater Falls and continue the trail to Pioneer Park . In 1990, Olympia residents Jim and Carol Rainwood suggested the creation of the trail and formed the Woodland Trail Greenway Association who contributed time and resources to trail development. Their work resulted in

598-410: The west coast of North America from west-central Alaska to California , inland as far as Idaho . Like many other species in the genus Rubus , the salmonberry plant bears edible fruit, typically yellow-orange or red in color, resembling raspberries in appearance. Rubus spectabilis is a deciduous , rhizomatous shrub growing to 1–4 metres (3–13 feet) tall and 9 metres (30 feet) wide, with

624-439: The wild, the fruit are typically eaten by birds, bears, and small mammals, among others, while the leaves, twigs, and stems are grazed on by herbivores such as deer, moose, mountain goats, elk, and rabbits. Populations of dense thicket growth can provide escape habitats for small animals, as well as nesting sites for birds. In the spring, salmonberry flowering coincides with the migration of certain species of hummingbirds, which

650-428: The winter. The flowers are 2–3 cm ( 3 ⁄ 4 – 1 + 1 ⁄ 4  in) in diameter, with a calyx of five hairy sepals and five pinkish-purple petals that surround a cluster of stamens; they are produced between April and July, either singly or in clusters of 2 or 3. The flowers are perfect (bisexual) , containing 75–100 stamens and many individual pistils with superior ovaries. While fruit production

676-417: The young shoots or used it as a medicinal plant. The shoots were harvested during April to early June before they turned woody or tough, and were peeled, then steamed, boiled, or pit-cooked , and eaten (or less commonly, eaten raw). Traditionally, the berries and sprouts were also eaten with salmon or mixed with oolichan grease or salmon roe. They were not dried because of their high moisture content. It

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