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43-504: The literal meaning of Kebayoran Baru is "New Kebayoran". The word kebayoran itself is derived from kabayuran , meaning "stockpiles of bayur wood ( Pterospermum javanicum )". Kabayuran or Kebayuran refers to the name of a settlement Kampung Kabayuran (older Dutch spelling Kamp. Kabajoeran ), located outside Batavia on the west bank of Grogol River . The settlement was located near an area where stockpiles of timber (including bayur wood) were established to be transported to Batavia via

86-407: A grid plan of square or rectangular city blocks. Using the perimeter block development principle, city blocks are developed so that buildings are located along the perimeter of the block, with entrances facing the street, and semi-private courtyards in the rear of the buildings. This historic arrangement reflects organic development of structures and land usage, adapted to urban planning. Since

129-469: A grid plan or quasi-grid plan. That typology is prevalent in Japan and China, for example. Chen defines the supergrid and superblock urban morphology in that context as follows: “The Supergrid is a large-scale net of wide roads that defines a series of cells or Superblocks, each containing a network of narrower streets.” Superblocks can also be retroactively superimposed on pre-existing grid plan by changing

172-515: A city's urban fabric. City blocks may be subdivided into any number of smaller land lots usually in private ownership, though in some cases, it may be other forms of tenure. City blocks are usually built-up to varying degrees and thus form the physical containers or "streetwalls" of public space. Most cities are composed of a greater or lesser variety of sizes and shapes of urban block. For example, many pre-industrial cores of cities in Europe, Asia, and

215-635: A community can be found in Kebayoran Baru. There are also several puskesmas (health clinic) that mainly serves the lower middle class society. Markets ( pasar ) managed by the Jakarta Provincial Government (under PD Pasar Jaya) in this sub-district includes: Along with the development of the city, shopping centers that are managed by the private sector have also emerged. There are also trading centers for specialty goods, although some are not well planned, such as: There

258-458: A model for constructing new cities (Colombijn & Kusno, 2017). In the face of all the critiques about how the development of Kebayoran Baru did not turn out as the intended plan, this satellite city has proved to be a significant example of early planning practice in Indonesia, especially in a post-World War II reconstruction era. Unlike the rigorous construction process seen anywhere else in

301-477: A more extensive grid plan . Some variations of the interpretation of city blocks include superblocks, subblocks, and perimeter blocks. A superblock , or super-block , is an area of urban land that is bounded by arterial roads and the size of multiple typically sized city blocks. Within the superblock, the local road network, if any, is designed to serve only local needs. Superblocks can also contain an orthogonal internal road network, including those based on

344-461: A square or rectangular layout, but the first floor is tilted forward to protect the facade of the lower level from the sun. Lower-level official houses in Kebayoran make use of front patio. Larger villas in Kebayoran were usually designed by well-known Indies architects at that time such as Job & Sprey and Liem Bwan Tjie . The current Kebayoran Baru district also includes some villages which

387-532: Is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family Malvaceae . Its species are tropical trees that range from southern China across tropical Asia. Traditionally included in the family Sterculiaceae , it is included in the expanded Malvaceae in the APG and most subsequent systematics. Pterospermum is based on two Greek words, " Pteron " and " Sperma ," meaning "winged seed." Some species are grown ornamentally while others are valued for their timber. To date,

430-401: Is always within a block with sidewalks . The geometric subtraction of a block without sidewalks from block with sidewalks , contains the sidewalk, the alley, and any other non-lot sub-structure. A perimeter block is a type of city block which is built up on all sides surrounding a central space that is semi-private. They may contain a mixture of uses, with commercial or retail functions on

473-426: Is filled with large mansions with lots ranging from 500 square meters to 6000 square meters. The northern part of the city is dominated by luxury apartments and office buildings. Senayan is notable for its large concentration of businesses run by Korean expatriates in Indonesia , a trend which began as early as 1982. Because it was conceptualized as a satellite city from the early times, all the facilities that support

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516-531: Is making use of the latest building material (reinforced concrete) and taking into consideration the principle of tropical design - to maximize natural lighting while minimizing the heat without the use of electricity. Post-war modernism style e.g. the so-called Yankee-type or Jengki style were popular in Kebayoran Baru, so called because of its heavy influence from the American post-war modernism . For example, middle-class houses in Kebayoran were designed with

559-457: Is not part of the original plan. These additions are now located in Radio area, Gandaria Utara, and Cipete Utara. Being a design older than 50 years, Kebayoran Baru is considered a cultural heritage ( Cagar Budaya ) according to Law no. D.IV-6099/d/33/1975. New modern international style developments in the area has been a threat to the historic tropical residential character of Kebayoran Baru. To

602-494: The Sudirman Central Business District to the northeast. The rough boundaries of Kebayoran Baru district are Sudirman Avenue to the northwest, Gatot Subroto Road to the northeast, Krukut River to the east, Cipete Utara Road - Haji Nawi Road to the south, and Grogol River to the west. The district of Kebayoran Baru is divided into ten kelurahan or subdistricts: This subsection focuses on

645-544: The Middle East tend to have irregularly shaped street patterns and urban blocks, while cities based on grids have much more regular arrangements. By extension, the word "block" is an important informal unit of length equal to the distance between two streets of a street grid. In most cities of the New World that were planned rather than developing gradually over a long period of time, streets are typically laid out on

688-545: The United States and Canada, the addresses follow a block and lot number system , in which each block of a street is allotted 100 building numbers. The blocks in central Melbourne, Australia , are also 330 by 660 feet (100 m × 200 m), formed by splitting the square blocks in an original grid with a narrow street down the middle. Many Old World cities have grown by accretion over time rather than being planned, making rectangular city blocks uncommon in

731-479: The activities centres in South Jakarta. As quoted by Roosmalen (2005): “Kebayoran Baru today in many parts and ways is a pleasant district where spacious residential areas with abundant green spaces and busy business areas alternate in an enjoyable way and it's considered the centre of Jakarta by many” (p. 21). Most buildings in Kebayoran Baru were designed following the principle of functionalism , that

774-481: The area of Kebayoran Baru that was once the Kebayoran Baru satellite city. The development of Kebayoran Baru satellite town was very quick. The 730 ha land in Kebayoran was initially planned as a new airport, established to replace Kemayoran Airport (1940) whose location blocked the development of Batavia eastward. This plan was replaced with a plan for a satellite town for Batavia, the Kebajoran. The first idea for

817-442: The block names of Kebayoran Baru has been largely forgotten, however some of the names linger in the name of the public facility within the urban block. Below is the list of Kebayoran Baru blocks and its landmarks. Despite the lavish urban planning and design that involved the state government and the former Dutch East Indies colony, there are some inevitable concerns about the deviation from the initial master plan. Many scholars hold

860-560: The city center in Central Jakarta . The southern quarter of the Semanggi Interchange is located in Kebayoran Baru. The total planning area is 730 ha, with about 45% was allocated for the residential area, 16% for green space, and 14% for shops and other buildings. The remaining 25% of Kebayoran Baru area was allocated for roads. Kebayoran Baru is divided into several blocks (Indonesian blok ) from A to S. Today

903-411: The city centre and the newly built satellite town was only eight kilometres long, and the new connecting highway was immediately filled with ribbon developments on both edges, hence losing its standing as a satellite city. Another criticism that depicts the difficulties of putting planning into practice was made by Roosmalen (2003). She explained that one of the principal regulations defining and ensuring

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946-507: The core area's density in Kebayoran Baru was relatively close to 500,000 residents when completed. Additionally, the plan for this satellite city also has significant contributions to research in urban planning and future development of new towns in Indonesia generally and in Jakarta specifically. Sumintardja (2010), demonstrated this point clearly by stating that the human settlement study in Indonesia became significant soon after WWII ended and

989-404: The development of architecture in colonial Indonesia . Soesilo designed the master plan for Kebayoran Baru and Pejompongan in 1948; these are the first urban center in the country to be designed by a native Indonesian. The first laying of the stone was done on March 18, 1949. The first area to be designed is now located around Kebayoran station, on the east side of Grogol River. The construction

1032-415: The following species names have been resolved: City block A city block , residential block , urban block , or simply block is a central element of urban planning and urban design . In a city with a grid system, the block is the smallest group of buildings that is surrounded by streets . City blocks are the space for buildings within the street pattern of a city, and form the basic unit of

1075-542: The future of planning theories and practices in Indonesia. A notable example of these positive outcomes is the fact that this new town has a considerable density compared to most post-World War II new cities across the United Kingdom. According to Silver (2008), Kebayoran Baru was expected to have a capacity of about 50,000 and 100,000 residents, in comparison with the UK which only projected for 25000 inhabitants. Even more,

1118-431: The ground floor. Perimeter blocks are a key component of many European cities and are an urban form that allows very high urban densities to be achieved without high-rise buildings. In North American English and Australian English , the word "block" is used as an informal unit of distance. For example, someone giving directions might say, "It's three blocks from here", meaning either literally three blocks distant (in

1161-497: The innermost development among most European cities , for example. An exception is represented by those cities that were founded as Roman military settlements, and that often preserve the original grid layout around two main orthogonal axes (such as Turin, Italy ) and cities heavily damaged during World War II (like Frankfurt ). Following the example of Philadelphia , New York City adopted the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 for

1204-409: The intended goals. Only 4,720 homes were constructed out of a total of 7,050; and public facilities such as local markets, schools, mosques, and a church also didn't meet the intended outcome, with only 162 built out of the expected 352 public amenities. On the other hand, despite these several pieces of evidence about the deviation from its planning vision, Kebayoran Baru also contributed positively to

1247-547: The land acquisition process for Kebayoran was completed. In February 1949, the first draft of the town's master plan was completed by Moh. Soesilo. Construction of the master plan followed immediately in March 1949, just a month later. Moh. Soesilo was an urban planner in the Centraal Planologisch Bureau and a student of Thomas Karsten , a renowned Dutch engineer who contributed to the urban planning and

1290-439: The new town's autonomy and self-sufficiency proved difficult to follow. The construction of any structure along the connecting highway between Batavia (City Centre) and Kebayoran Baru is prohibited. From both an intellectual and a pragmatic standpoint, breaking restrictions like this jeopardised the plan's initial layout. Furthermore, according to Handinoto (1954), after Kebayoran Baru was finally completed in 1945, it did not achieve

1333-460: The owner of Artha Graha Bank), among others. Kebayoran Baru, and the district of Menteng , is the most expensive residential districts in Indonesia, having very high land prices per square foot. Although Kebayoran Baru, in the Sukarno era, was solely a residential area, the district now harbors many commercial ventures, is known for its lifestyle businesses . The southern part of the neighborhood

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1376-495: The river. Bayur wood is known for its strength and resistance to termite attack. The Kampung Kabayuran settlement thrived in the early 19th-century but has since been urbanized. This settlement was located roughly on what is now the Kebayoran Railway Station . As a district, the area of Kebayoran Baru is larger than the historic Kebayoran Baru satellite city, including the southern area of Kebayoran Baru and

1419-512: The satellite town was started in July 1948 and was immediately approved in September 1948. The new satellite town is located relatively close to Tanah Abang - Serpong railway line, enabling the transport of building construction material to the Kebajoran. Following the approval of the plan, the colonial government began the land acquisition process for Kebayoran satellite town. On January 17, 1949,

1462-481: The southwest of the residential area of Kebayoran was the Radio Kebajoran , a radio broadcasting station located just to the west of Block A. The area of radio broadcasting station has never been fully developed, however the name lingers in the name of the streets Jalan Radio Dalam (inner Radio street) and Jalan Antene ("Antennae" street). Jalan KH. Ahmad Dahlan was formerly named Jalan Radio (Radio Street),

1505-567: The spacing of streets in grid plans varies so widely among cities, or even within cities, it is difficult to generalize about the size of a city block. Oblong blocks range considerably in width and length. The standard block in Manhattan is about 264 by 900 feet (80 m × 274 m). In Chicago , a typical city block is 330 by 660 feet (100 m × 200 m), meaning that 16 east-west blocks or 8 north-south blocks measure one mile, which has been adopted by other US cities. In much of

1548-449: The state, Kebayoran Baru was created at an astounding speed of implementation, from design to mass housing construction (Colombijn, 2014). Since the plan's approval in September 1948, it only took five months to acquire the entire land area, finalise the master plan, and start construction. Kebayoran Baru today is no longer a separated city as initially envisioned but rather an essential part of Greater Jakarta in general, particularly one of

1591-710: The street that leads to the Radio Kebajoran complex. The entire area planned as Radio Kebajoran complex is now located in Gandaria Utara Administrative Village. Kebayoran Baru is one of the most affluent areas of Jakarta, where many wealthy citizens reside. Many prominent Indonesians live in the district, including Jusuf Kalla (Vice President of Indonesia and business tycoon), Guruh Sukarnoputra (son of Sukarno and an artist) with his mother Fatmawati , Hary Tanoesoedibjo (Indonesian media tycoon), and Tomy Winata (businessman and

1634-484: The traffic rules and streetscape of internal streets within the superblock, as in the case of Barcelona 's superilles ( Catalan for superblocks). Each superilla has nine city blocks, with speed limits on the internal roads slowed to 10–20 km/h (6.2–12.4 mph), through traffic disallowed, and through travel possible only on the perimeter roads. In a geoprocessing perspective there are two complementary ways of modeling city blocks: A block without sidewalks

1677-399: The view that Kebayoran Baru may not develop into the town its planners and architects envisioned. More recent arguments regarding this matter have been specified by Colombijn & Kusno (2017): According to widely held view at the time, a satellietstad (satellite town) was to be built at least 15 kilometres from the city centre to be a feasible new town; however, in practice, the length between

1720-433: Was done by a specially-established Central Foundation for Reconstruction ( Dutch : Centrale Stichting Wederopbouw , CSW), whose office was established near the current Attorney General building ( Kejaksaan Agung ) on June 1, 1948. The development of Kebayoran Baru satellite town was completed in 1955. The satellite town was connected to the center of Jakarta via Thamrin and Sudirman , both constructions started in 1949 and

1763-419: Was finally opened in 1953. Before the completion of these roads, car access to Kebayoran Baru was via Jalan Palmerah Utara and Jalan Palmerah Selatan (now Jalan Asia Afrika). Kebayoran Baru is designed following the principle of a garden city . Kebayoran Baru is a well-planned district, both in term of its urban planning and its infrastructure. Sudirman Avenue is the main road, which connects Kebayoran Baru to

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1806-492: Was included in the planning for the construction of Kebayoran Baru in 1948. Moreover, Silver (2008) also added by stating that the master plan of Kebayoran Baru illustrated the garden city scheme so eminently that it inspired the planning and development principles for Greater Jakarta in 1952. In other words, it was the garden city idea that was written in the larger context of metropolitan Jakarta. In Indonesia's post-independence era, Kebayoran Baru drew much attention and served as

1849-683: Was once a flower and ornamental fish market in the Barito Park area but since late 2007 the location has been moved to the Radio Dalam area because Barito Park is designated as an open green area. As a planned community with the principle of a garden city , Kebayoran Baru have numerous major and minor city parks ( taman kota ). Here are the list of city parks on Kebayoran Baru. Pterospermum See text Pterospermodendron Kuntze Sczegleewia Turcz. Valliera Ruiz & Pav. Velaga Adans. Pterospermum

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