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60-600: Khafajah was excavated for 7 seasons between 1930 and 1937 by an Oriental Institute of Chicago team led by Henri Frankfort with Thorkild Jacobsen , Conrad Preusser and Pinhas Delougaz. For two seasons, in 1937 and 1938, the site was worked by a joint team of the American Schools of Oriental Research and the University of Pennsylvania led by Delougaz. They worked primarily in the Nintu temple on mound A (along with

120-504: A metropolitan institution, the University of Amsterdam has always been housed in old and new buildings scattered throughout the capital. Because UvA is not a separate, secluded campus, students and city residents readily mix, allowing Amsterdam to maintain close cultural and academic ties to the school. The majority of UvA's buildings lie in the heart of Amsterdam, with only the faculties of Science, Medicine and Dentistry located outside

180-575: A " liberal Jewish " family, Frankfort studied history at the University of Amsterdam and then moved to London, where in 1924, he took an MA under Sir Flinders Petrie at the University College. In 1927 he gained a Ph.D. from the University of Leiden . Between 1925 and 1929 Frankfort was the director of the excavations of the Egypt Exploration Society (EES) of London at El-Amarna , Abydos and Armant. In 1929 he

240-902: A bequest from Trudie Vervoort-Jaarsma to the university established the Julia Henriëtte Jaarsma-Adolfs scholarship fund for assisting students pursuing an LLM in the law faculty. The bequest of €4 million was the largest single donation left to a Dutch university by a private citizen and was made to honor her mother's legal career. A second scholarship in the name of Vervoort-Jaarsma's daughter, Madeleine Vervoort, provides travel funds to students. The Faculty of Medicine ( Dutch : Faculteit der Geneeskunde ) (FdG), each year, approximately 350 first-year students begin their study of medicine at Amsterdam UMC . The first, three-year phase consists mainly of thematic teaching. The second, also three-year phase consists of training internships in and outside of Amsterdam UMC. In terms of research,

300-407: A constraint on the university's growth. In 1961, the national government made the university a national university, giving it its current name, the University of Amsterdam. Funding was now given by the national government instead of the city and the appointment of professors was transferred to the board of governors. The city of Amsterdam retained a limited influence until 1971, when the appointment

360-477: A dean. Teaching and research are carried out in various departments and institutes within the individual faculties. UvA has an annual budget of €600 million (approximately $ 850 million),. In 1992, the board of governors of the University of Amsterdam set up the UvA Holding BV in order to bring its commercial activities into a form that is compatible with private law. The University of Amsterdam holds all

420-609: A monastery chapel around 1470, but was later converted for use by the Athenaeum Illustre in 1631. The Agnes Gate in front of the Agnietenkapel is a major symbol of the university and dates back to 1571. It was renovated and moved to its current location in 1631. Another area is a former hospital converted into university buildings, the Binnengasthuis , which is considered the heart of UvA. The Maagdenhuis

480-545: A result of loan defaults. "17 shekel of silver for the redemption of Hlagalija, his father, Zagagum has received (as a loan). (But) he had no silver (with which to repay the loan), (so) he so[ld] himself to the enum-priest. [He (the seller) has transferred] the bukannum. [break of about three lines] Witnesses." The Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures (formerly the Oriental Institute of Chicago) holds 57 of

540-595: A statue of the Akkadian ruler Manishtushu was found there. Two stone bowl fragments with the name of the Akkadian ruler Rimush were found near the Temple of Sin . "T[o] the god S[in], RI[mus], ki[ng of] the wo[rld], wh[en he conquered Elam and Parahsum], [dedicated (this bowl) from the booty of Elam]" Some point after the fall of the Akkadian Empire, "Awal, Kismar, Maskan-sarrum, the [la]nd of Esnunna,

600-561: A wide area of research and education. Research at the Faculty of Science covers the full width of the beta sciences. Spread across eight institutes, the main topics are astronomy, physics, mathematics, information sciences, life sciences, chemistry and biology. The Faculty of Science offers 28 degree programmes for students, 7 of which are a joint degree with the Vrije Universiteit. There are 51 different nationalities studying at

660-758: Is a public research university located in Amsterdam , Netherlands . Established in 1632 by municipal authorities, it is the fourth-oldest academic institution in the Netherlands still in operation. The UvA is one of two large, publicly funded research universities in the city, the other being the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU). It is also part of the largest research universities in Europe with 31,186 students, 4,794 staff, 1,340 PhD students and an annual budget of €600 million. It

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720-855: Is accredited by the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science , which grants accreditation to institutions who meet a national system of regulations and quality assurance controls. The Ministry has given it WO, or research university status. Dutch students must complete a six-year preparatory program to gain admission to national research universities. Only fifteen percent of students pass this preparatory program. In terms of tuition in 2015–2016, EU full-time students are charged €1,951 per year for both Bachelor's and Master's programs, part-time students are charged €1,696 and non- EU students are charged between €9,000-€25,000 per year for Bachelor's programs and €10,500-€25,000 for Master's and Doctoral programs. Costs for non- EU students varies depending on

780-535: Is also part of the Faculty of Humanities, with the centre holding one of Europe's largest collections on Latin American information and publishing the European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies (ERLACS) academic journal . The Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences ( Dutch : Faculteit der Maatschappij- en Gedragswetenschappen ) (FMG) is the largest educational and research institution in

840-669: Is divided into two 20-week semesters. The first of these ends in late January and the second begins in early February. There are no mid-term breaks, only a short holiday around Christmas and New Year as well as Dutch National holidays. Demographics of the student body In 2010, the university had an enrolment of 32,739 students: 20,185 undergraduate students , 9,361 master's students , 1,235 doctoral students, and 412 post-doctoral students . Of all students, 66% are Dutch citizens and 34% are international students . UvA has over 2,500 international students and researchers that come from over 100 countries. Full-time students comprised 91% of

900-538: Is now generally rejected. In 1939 he published what Gary Beckman considers to be perhaps his most influential scholarly achievement Cylinder Seals: A Documentary Essay on the Art and Religion of the Ancient Near East . In a collaborative work with Henriette Groenewegen-Frankfort , John A. Wilson , and Thorkild Jacobsen he published The Intellectual Adventure of Ancient Man in 1946, an influential work on

960-433: Is one of the largest dentistry education and training programmes in the world, with 500 staff members, an annual new-student enrolment of 128 and a total student body of 1000. It consists of three departments. In terms of research, the faculty produced 228 academic publications in 2009. The University of Amsterdam is headed by an executive board. The university is then divided into seven faculties, with each faculty headed by

1020-489: Is the largest university in the Netherlands by enrollment. The main campus is located in central Amsterdam , with a few faculties located in adjacent boroughs . The university is organised into seven faculties: Humanities , Social and Behavioural Sciences , Economics and Business , Science , Law , Medicine , Dentistry . Close ties are harbored with other institutions internationally through its membership in

1080-485: Is the current headquarters of UvA and HvA administration. The building was built between 1783 and 1787 and was formerly an orphanage. The Oost-Indisch Huis , the former headquarters of the Dutch East India Company was built in 1606 and now used by UvA. The Oudemanhuispoort was made a university building in 1880. It was constructed in 1602 as a retirement house and now houses some departments of

1140-571: Is the largest humanities faculty in the Netherlands. It was established in 1997 after a merger of the Faculty of Language and Culture, the Faculty of Theology and the Faculty of Philosophy. In 2011, the faculty was ranked number one in the Netherlands for Philosophy and Linguistics with international ranking in these areas of 37th and 22nd respectively. In terms of research, the faculty produced 726 academic publications in 2009. The Centre for Latin American Research and Documentation (CEDLA)

1200-619: The Hogeschool van Amsterdam . In 2008, the University of Amsterdam and VU University jointly founded the Amsterdam University College (AUC), an interuniversity institute that offers a three-year Bachelor (Honors) program in the Liberal Arts and Sciences. In February 2015, the university experienced occupations of two of their buildings in protest over proposed budget cuts. These budget cuts occurred in

1260-599: The Athenaeum Illustre . In 1815 it was given the statutory obligation “to disseminate taste, civilisation and learning" and “to replace, at least in part, the institutes of higher education and an academic education for those young men whose circumstances unable them to fully spend the time necessary for an academic career at an institute of higher education.” The Athenaeum began offering classes for students attending non-academic professional training in pharmacy and surgery in 1800. The Athenaeum Illustre largely worked together with Amsterdam's theological institutions such as

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1320-541: The Black Death . Another rumor is that they represent three fords in the River Amstel . These two explanations have no historical basis, however. It is believed by historians that the coat of arms of Amsterdam is derived from the coat of arms of Jan Persijn, the lord of Amsterdam between 1280 and 1282. The "U" represents the word "university" while the colours and three crosses represent the city of Amsterdam. As

1380-524: The City Centre . The university lies within the largest megalopolis in the Netherlands, the Randstad , with a population 7.2 million inhabitants. The administration of the school and most of the faculties are located in the historic City Centre of Amsterdam, within the canal ring which is itself a UNESCO World Heritage Site . The facilities in this area date from as early as the 15th century to

1440-845: The Evangelisch-Luthers Seminarium (evangelical-Lutheran) and the Klinische School (medical school), the successor to the Collegium Chirurgicum . The Athenaeum remained a small institution until the 19th century, with no more than 250 students and eight professors. Alumni of the Athenaeum include Cornelis Petrus Tiele . In 1877, the Athenuem Illustre became the Municipal University of Amsterdam and received

1500-718: The League of European Research Universities (LERU), the Institutional Network of the Universities from the Capitals of Europe (UNICA), European University Association (EUA) and Universitas 21 . The University of Amsterdam has produced six Nobel Laureates and five prime ministers of the Netherlands. In January 1632, the Athenaeum Illustre of Amsterdam (Latin: Illustrious School of Amsterdam)

1560-544: The social and behavioural sciences in the Netherlands. The faculty has approximately 10,000 students and 1,200 staff members. The Faculty is home to six departments: Political Science , Sociology and Anthropology , Communication Science , Psychology , Social Geography , Planning and International Development Studies , and Educational sciences. The faculty was ranked the best in the Netherlands in 2011 for Sociology and Geography with international rankings in these areas of 33rd and 40th respectively. In terms of research,

1620-471: The 21st-century. Architectural styles represented include the Dutch Renaissance , Dutch Baroque , Art Deco , Amsterdam School , and International style . The Agnietenkapel , Maagdenhuis , Oost-Indisch Huis , Bushuis , and Oudemanhuispoort are designated as Rijksmonumenten (national monuments). The 15th century Agnietenkapel , where the university was founded was first constructed as

1680-710: The Faculty of Science. The Faculty of Science has around 6,800 students, as well as 1,700 members of staff working in education, research or support services. Around 50% of the staff are internationals. The main faculty buildings are located on the Science Park Amsterdam campus. The Faculty of Humanities ( Dutch : Faculteit der Geesteswetenschappen ) (FGw) comprises six departments: Dutch studies , History , European Studies and Religion , Archaeology and Classics , Language and Literature , Media studies , Philosophy , and Art and Cultural studies . With over 6,000 students and about 1000 employees, it

1740-507: The Faculty offers three advanced LLM programs, which are all taught in English. Research at the Faculty is undertaken by five research institutes which specialize in the following areas: International law , Private law , Environmental law , Labor law , and Information law . In terms of research, the faculty produced 451 academic publications in 2018. In the 2018 academic year, there were 41 PhD candidates, 67% of whom were female. In 2015,

1800-718: The Humanities faculty. One of the buildings of the University Library complex, the Bushuis , was built as an armory in 1606. The Faculty of Science is located on the east side of the city at the newly constructed Science Park Amsterdam . This 70-hectare (170-acre) campus contains UvA's science facilities, research institutes, student housing, the University Sports Centre, and businesses. In order to attract distinguished students and researchers,

1860-707: The Roeterseiland campus. The Faculty of Law has settled in August 2017 on the campus. The university is divided into seven faculties, with each faculty headed by a dean. The faculties include the Faculties of Humanities , Social and Behavioural Sciences , Economics and Business , Science , Law , Medicine , and Dentistry . Students must be admitted to the faculty of their program before beginning their studies. The Faculty of Science (Dutch: Faculteit der Natuurwetenschappen, Wiskunde en Informatica) (FNWI) covers

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1920-751: The US News rankings of Best Global Universities the UvA is ranked among the top 10 best universities in Europe. Furthermore, the UvA is ranked 53d in the 2023-2024 QS World University Rankings . The UvA is one of two Dutch universities in the top 100 universities in the world. In the 2023 ARWU Global Ranking of Academic Subjects, the UvA is ranked in first place globally in the field of Communication. Other UvA disciplines with high rankings include Psychology (8), Sociology (10), and Political Science (15). The 2011-12 Times Higher Education World University Rankings ranked

1980-600: The University of Amsterdam 30th in Arts & Humanities and 40th in Social Sciences, making it the highest ranking Dutch university in these fields and the highest ranking continental European university in the Social Sciences. The 2017 CWTS Leiden Global university ranking ranked the University of Amsterdam in the Global Top 8 in the field of social sciences and humanities. [1] The CHE Excellence Ranking rated

2040-569: The [la]nd of Tutub, the [lan]d of Simudar, the [lan]d of Akkad" briefly came under the control of Puzur-Inshushinak of Elam as the first Third Dynasty ruler, Ur-Nammu , reports liberating those cities. The site was also reported to be captured by ruler Shulgi (c. 2094 – 2046 BC) of the Third Dynasty in his 30th year. It then came under the control of Eshnunna in the Isin-Larsa period . The fifth year name for Eshnunna ruler Nūraḫum

2100-700: The campus was built by collaboration between the University of Amsterdam, the City of Amsterdam , and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research . In 2012, the Amsterdam University College was housed at the Science Park UvA campus. In the southeastern Bijlmermeer neighbourhood, the Faculty of Medicine is housed in the Academic Medical Center (AMC), the Faculty of Medicine's teaching and research hospital. It

2160-598: The cemetery to the east and northeast of the temple) and with soundings on mound B. Among the small finds at the site was an Akkadian period die . and a terracotta incantation bowl written in "typical Jewish Babylonian Aramaic of the Sasanian period". The site consists of four mounds, labeled A through D. Khafajah was occupied beginning in the Jemdet Nasr period and Early Dynastic Period . Naram-Sin of Akkad named his son Nabi-Ulmash governor of Tutub. A fragment of

2220-805: The faculty of matriculation. In terms of scholarships, the university offers the UvA Amsterdam Excellence Scholarship (AES), Amsterdam Merit Scholarships, scholarships through the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, Dutch Study Grants, and various European scholarships. Collectively the faculties offer 59 Bachelor's programmes, 133 Master's programmes, and 10 postgraduate programs. The university awarded 2,565 propaedeutic, 3,204 Bachelor's, 3,990 Master's, 438 Doctoral, 242 Post-Doctoral degrees in 2009–2010, and 10,438 total degrees in 2009–2010. The school's academic year lasts from early September until mid-July and

2280-742: The faculty produced 1,366 academic publications in 2009. The Faculty of Economics and Business ( Dutch : Faculteit Economie en Bedrijfskunde ) (FEB) was established in 1922. The FEB, which includes the Amsterdam School of Economics (ASE) and the Amsterdam Business School (ABS), currently has around 4,000 students and nearly 600 staff. It was ranked 44th in Economics & Econometrics and 45 in Accountancy & Finance among world universities. In terms of research,

2340-518: The faculty produced 3,206 academic publications in 2009. The Academic Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam ( Dutch : Faculteit der Tandheelkunde ) (ACTA) was founded in 1984 through a merger of the two dentistry faculties of the Universiteit of Amsterdam and the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam . ACTA conducts scientific research, teaches, and provides patient care in the field of dentistry. ACTA

2400-561: The faculty produced 517 academic publications in 2009. The Faculty of Law ( Dutch : Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid ) (FdR) is based in the newly redesigned Roetersiland campus. It was earlier housed in the Oudemanhuispoort, a historic building dating from 1602 situated in the center of Amsterdam. It has approximately 3,700 students and 330 academic staff members. 58% of academic staff is female. The Faculty offers nine LLM programs, of which two are taught in English. In addition

2460-628: The land of Warum on the banks of the canal (called) 'Turran (Diyala)'". The history of Khafajah is known in somewhat more detail for a period of several decades as a result of the discovery of 112 clay tablets (one now lost) in a temple of Sin. The recovered portion of the temple archive dates from roughly 1820 BC to about 1780 BC (based on rulers named) when Tutub was for the most part controlled by Eshnunna. The tablets constitute part of an official archive and include mostly loan (generally of barley or silver) and legal documents. The temple also purchased slaves, including self slaves and sales of children, as

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2520-860: The nature of myth and reality. Frankfort published Kingship and the Gods in 1948, "a classic work" in the opinion of John Baines . In 1948 he became director of the Warburg Institute in London. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1948. Along with EA Wallis Budge, he was revolutionary for his time for suggesting that Egyptian civilization, culturally, religiously, and ethnically arose from an African, instead of an Asian base. He wrote 15 books and monographs and about 73 articles for journals about ancient Egypt , archaeology and cultural anthropology, especially on

2580-431: The occupiers were evicted on 11 April. The current logo of the University of Amsterdam consists of a black square with three white Saint Andrew's Crosses and a white "U." This an adaptation of the coat of arms of Amsterdam which also uses a black background and three white or silver Saint Andrew's Crosses. The three Saint Andrew's Crosses have been said to represent the three plagues of Amsterdam: fire, floods, and

2640-614: The religious systems of the Ancient Near East. Erik Hornung in his influential work Conceptions of God in Ancient Egypt, The One and the Many acknowledged his debt to previous work done by Henri Frankfort. He died in London . He married Henriette Groenewegen-Frankfort and later Enriqueta Harris . University of Amsterdam The University of Amsterdam (abbreviated as UvA , Dutch : Universiteit van Amsterdam )

2700-414: The right to confer doctoral degrees. This gave the university the same privileges as national universities while being funded by the city of Amsterdam. The professors and lecturers were appointed by the municipal council . This resulted in a staff that was in many ways more colorful than the staffs of national universities. During its time as a municipal university, the university flourished, in particular in

2760-526: The school excellent in all seven categories for research, making it the only Dutch institution to accomplish this distinction. The University of Amsterdam is one of Europe's largest research universities, with over 7,900 scientific publications in 2010. The university spends about €100 million on research each year via direct funding. It receives an additional €23 million via indirect funding and about €49 million from commercial partners. Faculty members often receive research prizes and grants, such as those from

2820-494: The science department, which counted many Nobel prize winners: Tobias Asser , Christiaan Eijkman , Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff , Johannes Diderik van der Waals , Pieter Zeeman , and Frits Zernike . The University of Amsterdam's municipal status brought about the relatively early addition of the faculties of Economics and Social Sciences. After the World War II the dramatic rise in the cost of university education put

2880-718: The shares of the subsidiaries of the holding. The subsidiaries are clustered into four activity areas which are increasingly outsourced to commercial enterprises and other market participants. The intellectual and cultural atmosphere at UvA is internationally oriented. Amsterdam attracts students from the Netherlands and beyond: with over 2,500 international students and researchers from over 100 countries. UvA has an extensive network of foreign partner universities, facilitating student and staff exchanges. Within Europe, UvA has Socrates / Erasmus exchange agreements with over 200 institutions. Outside Europe, it has close ties with approximately 40 universities on all continents. The university

2940-559: The southern Zuidas district on the campus of the VU University Medical Center . It was formed when the University of Amsterdam and the Vrije Universiteit combined their Dentistry schools in 1984. The Roeterseiland Campus is an open city campus designed to offer future-proof teaching and research facilities. The Faculties of Economics and Business and Social and Behavioural Sciences are located at

3000-772: The student body. In 2010 students were enrolled in 7 faculties and the Amsterdam University College : 24% in Humanities, 13% in Law, 7% in Medicine, 1% in Dentistry, 11% in Science, 13% in Economics & Business, 30% in Social & Behavioral Sciences, and 0.5% in the Amsterdam University College . The University of Amsterdam has a highly competitive acceptance rate of 4% for international students and 14% overall. This means for every 100 international applicant, only 4 gets accepted to

3060-717: The tablets with the remainder being in the Iraq Museum . The Iraq Museum's Sumerian Gallery displays several Sumerian statues from the Temple of Sin and the Temple of Nintu (V and VI), including part of a hoard found at the Nintu Temple. Some finds are also housed at the Sulaymaniyah Museum . Henri Frankfort Henri "Hans" Frankfort (24 February 1897 – 16 July 1954) was a Dutch Egyptologist , archaeologist and orientalist . Born in Amsterdam , into

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3120-468: The target of nationwide student actions. The university saw considerable expansion since becoming a national university, from 7,500 students in 1960 to over 32,000 in 2010. In 2007, UvA undertook the construction of the Science Park Amsterdam , a 70-hectare (170-acre) campus to house the Faculty of Science along with the new University Sports Center. Much of the park has now been completed. The University of Amsterdam began working in close collaboration with

3180-445: The time, Amsterdam also housed several other institutions of higher education, including the Collegium Chirugicum, which trained surgeons, and other institutions that provided theological courses for the Remonstrant and the Mennonite communities. Amsterdam's large degree of religious freedom allowed for the establishment of these institutions. Students of the Colegium Chirugicum and the theological institutions regularly attended classes at

3240-486: The university. Overall, 20% of students in bachelor's programs complete their degree within three years, 48% in four years, and 69% in five years; 71% of master's students completed their degree in two years. Students on average successfully complete 44 ECTS credits during the academic year. In 2007, 88% of master's and doctoral graduates went on to paying jobs, with an additional 5% going on to continue their education within 1.5 years of graduating. According to

3300-487: The wake of the university's attempt to deal with its speculative misjudgments and financial difficulties: in 2011, the university's total outstanding debt had increased to €136 million. The Bungehuis occupation ended with the arrest of the 46 protesters on 24 February 2015. The following day a group of protesters forced the door of the Maagdenhuis, the main administrative building of the UvA, and began occupying it, once again raising their demands. The occupation lasted 45 days;

3360-471: Was "Year Tutub was seized". This was considered a significant event as the following year was named "Year after the year Tutub was seized". A later ruler of Eshnunna, Warassa, had the cryptic year name "Year Tutub was restored". Later, after Eshnunna was captured by Babylon, a fort was built at the site by Samsu-iluna in his 24th year of rule (c. 1726 BC) of the Old Babylonian Empire and named Dur-Samsuiluna, his year name saying "he erected Dur-Samsu-iluna in

3420-416: Was formed in 1983 when the UvA Faculty of Medicine and two hospitals, Binnengasthuis and the Wilhelmina Gasthuis, combined. Shortly after in 1988, the Emma Children's Hospital also moved to the AMC. It is one of Amsterdam's level 1 trauma centers and strongly cooperates with the VU University Medical Center (VUmc). The Faculty of Dentistry is located in the Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) in

3480-426: Was founded by the municipal authorities in Amsterdam. It was mainly devoted to medical teaching. The first two professors were Gerardus Vossius and Caspar Barlaeus . The Athenaeum Illustre provided education comparable to other higher education institutions, although it could not confer doctoral degrees. After training at the Athenaeum , students could complete their education at a university in another town. At

3540-406: Was handed over to the executive board. During May 1969, the university became the focus of nationwide news when UvA's administrative centre at the Maagdenhuis was occupied by hundreds of students who wanted more democratic influence in educational and administrative matters. The protest lasted for days and was eventually broken up by the police. During the 1970s and 1980s, the university was often

3600-437: Was invited by Henry Breasted to become field director of the Oriental Institute (OI) of Chicago expedition to Iraq. In 1931 he became correspondent of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences , later resigning in late 1944. He became foreign member in 1950. In 1937 Frankfort and Emil Kraeling identified a woman on the Burney Relief (c 1700BCE) as Lilith of later Jewish mythology, though this identification

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