26-545: Punasa Khalwa Mundi Harsud Khandwa district , formerly known as the East Nimar district , is a district of the Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The city of Khandwa is the administrative headquarters of the district. Other notable towns in the district include Mundi , Harsud , Punasa , Pandhana and Omkareshwar . The district has an area of 6,206 km (2,396 sq mi), and
52-479: A few plover species is clearly related to a strongly male-biased adult sex ratio. Those species with male care and polyandry invariably have adult sex ratios with a large surplus of males, which in some cases can reach as high as six males per female. Male-biased adult sex ratios have also been shown to correlate with cooperative breeding in mammals such as alpine marmots and wild canids . This correlation may also apply to cooperatively breeding birds, though
78-648: A population 1,310,061 (2011 census). Khandwa District lies in the Nimar region, which includes the lower valley of the Narmada River , Kherkhali River, Choti Tawa River, Shiva River. The Narmada forms part of the northern boundary of the district, and the Satpura Range form the southern boundary of the district. Burhanpur District , to the south, lies in the basin of the Tapti River . The pass through
104-485: A ranking of 374th in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 178 inhabitants per square kilometre (460/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 21.44%. East Nimar has a sex ratio of 944 females for every 1,000 males, and a literacy rate of 67.53%. 19.80% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 11.95% and 35.05% of
130-551: A separate "West Nimar district" with headquarters at Khargone was established. The East Nimar district was part of the Nerbudda (Narmada) Division of the Central Provinces and Berar , which became the state of Madhya Bharat (later Madhya Pradesh ) after India's independence in 1947. Khandwa was known as East Nimar until recently. Burhanpur District was separated from Khandwa District on 15 August 2003. Khandwa District
156-731: Is 55 km away from District Headquarter. Punasa is connected by private bus services to all nearest major cities. This article related to a location in Madhya Pradesh is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Sex ratio A sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population . As explained by Fisher's principle , for evolutionary reasons this is typically about 1:1 in species which reproduce sexually . However, many species deviate from an even sex ratio, either periodically or permanently. Examples include parthenogenic and androgenetic species, periodically mating organisms such as aphids, some eusocial wasps , bees , ants , and termites . The human sex ratio
182-411: Is a field of academic study which seeks to understand the sex ratios observed in nature from an evolutionary perspective. It continues to be heavily influenced by the work of Eric Charnov . He defines five major questions, both for his book and the field in general (slightly abbreviated here): Biological research mostly concerns itself with sex allocation rather than sex ratio, sex allocation denoting
208-469: Is an ancient city, with many places of worship, like many other cities in India. The city is over a thousand years old and is surrounded by a forest in the Narmada river valley. It is 120 km (75 mi) from Indore, the commercial capital of the state. It had a total population of 7,225 as per the 2011 Census of India . The Indira Sagar Dam is a multipurpose project of the state Madhya Pradesh on
234-460: Is of particular interest to anthropologists and demographers. In human societies, sex ratios at birth may be considerably skewed by factors such as the age of mother at birth and by sex-selective abortion and infanticide . Exposure to pesticides and other environmental contaminants may be a significant contributing factor as well. As of 2024, the global sex ratio at birth is estimated at 107 boys to 100 girls (1,000 boys per 934 girls). By old age,
260-663: Is part of Indore Division . In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Khandwa one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640 ). It is one of the 24 districts in Madhya Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF). Khandwa's economy is dependent on agriculture, Due to its location in the Narmada basin, the land here is fertile, with several small scale industries in
286-539: The Central Provinces and Berar . The area to the west, which forms the present Khargone district, was part of the princely state of Indore. After India's independence in 1947, the Central Provinces and Berar became the new Indian state of Madhya Pradesh . The Khandwa district was known as "Nimar District" before 1956, when the state of Madhya Bharat to the west was merged with the state of Madhya Pradesh. Later it came to be called "East Nimar district", and
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#1732772536834312-621: The Devanagari script . Major cities of Khandawa include- 21°49′48″N 76°20′24″E / 21.83000°N 76.34000°E / 21.83000; 76.34000 Punasa Punasa is a town and a Nagar panchayat in Khandwa district of Madhya Pradesh , India . It is also a Tehsil Headquarter. Punasa is located at 22°14′N 76°23′E / 22.23°N 76.38°E / 22.23; 76.38 and has an average elevation of 244 m (801 ft). Punasa
338-546: The 1:1 ratio is the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS). This ratio has been observed in many species, including the bee Macrotera portalis . A study performed by Danforth observed no significant difference in the number of males and females from the 1:1 sex ratio. Spending equal amounts of resources to produce offspring of either sex is an evolutionarily stable strategy : if the general population deviates from this equilibrium by favoring one sex, one can obtain higher reproductive success with less effort by producing more of
364-564: The Narmada River at the town of Narmada Nagar, Punasa in the Khandwa district of Madhya Pradesh in India. The foundation stone of the project was laid by late Smt Indira Gandhi, former Prime Minister of India on 23 October 1984. The construction of the main dam started in 1992. The downstream projects of ISP are Omkareshwar, Maheshwar, and Sardar Sarovar Project. To build it, a town of 22,000 people and 100 villages were displaced. Punasa
390-653: The Satpuras connecting Khandwa and Burhanpur is one of the main routes connecting northern and southern India, and the fortress of Asirgarh , which commands the pass, is known as the "Key to the Deccan". Betul and Harda districts lie to the east, Dewas District to the north, and Khargone District to the west. Khandwa district was surrendered by the Marathas to the British Raj in 1818, and later became part of
416-429: The allocation of energy to either sex. Common research themes are the effects of local mate and resource competition (often abbreviated LMC and LRC, respectively). Fisher's principle (1930) explains why in most species, the sex ratio is approximately 1:1. His argument was summarised by W. D. Hamilton (1967) as follows, assuming that parents invest the same whether raising male or female offspring: In modern language,
442-480: The cities of Khandwa. Some edible oil mill loceted in Khandwa. The major cash crops of the Khandwa district are Onion , soybean , and Chana . Sant Singaji Thermal Power Plant and Dada Dhuniwale Thermal Power Plant are located in Khandwa District. 50 Megawatt Solar Power Plant also Situated near Khandwa. According to the 2011 census Khandwa District has a population of 1,310,061, This gives it
468-549: The evidence is less clear. It is known, however, that both male-biased adult sex ratios and cooperative breeding tend to evolve where caring for offspring is extremely difficult due to low secondary productivity, as in Australia and Southern Africa . It is also known that in cooperative breeders where both sexes are philopatric like the varied sittella , adult sex ratios are equally or more male-biased than in those cooperative species, such as fairy-wrens , treecreepers and
494-413: The male fish dies, the strongest female changes its sex to become the male for the group. All of these wrasses are born female, and only become male in this situation. Other species, like clownfish, do this in reverse, where all start out as non-reproductive males, and the largest male becomes a female, with the second-largest male maturing to become reproductive. Traditionally, farmers have discovered that
520-434: The most economically efficient community of animals will have a large number of females and a very small number of males. A herd of cows with a few bulls or a flock of hens with one rooster are the most economical sex ratios for domesticated livestock. It was found that the amount of fertilizing pollen can influence secondary sex ratio in dioecious plants. Increase in pollen amount leads to decrease in number of male plants in
546-829: The other. For species where the cost of successfully raising one offspring is roughly the same regardless of its sex, this translates to an approximately equal sex ratio. Bacteria of the genus Wolbachia cause skewed sex ratios in some arthropod species as they kill males. Sex-ratio of adult populations of pelagic copepods is usually skewed towards dominance of females. However, there are differences in adult sex ratios between families: in families in which females require multiple matings to keep producing eggs, sex ratios are less biased (close to 1); in families in which females can produce eggs continuously after only one mating, sex ratios are strongly skewed towards females. Several species of reptiles have temperature-dependent sex determination , where incubation temperature of eggs determines
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#1732772536834572-440: The population respectively. Languages of Khandwa district (2011) At the time of the 2011 Census of India , 40.59% of the population in the district spoke Nimadi , 33.84% Hindi , 9.71% Korku , 3.20% Urdu , 2.94% Bhili , 2.06% Bareli , 1.67% Banjari , 1.24% Gondi , 1.05% Marathi and 0.97% Bhilali as their first language. Languages spoken include Nimadi , a Bhil language with approximately 64 000 speakers, written in
598-440: The progeny. This relationship was confirmed on four plant species from three families – Rumex acetosa ( Polygonaceae ), Melandrium album (Caryophyllaceae), Cannabis sativa and Humulus japonicus ( Cannabinaceae ). In charadriiform birds, recent research has shown clearly that polyandry and sex-role reversal (where males care and females compete for mates) as found in phalaropes , jacanas , painted snipe and
624-485: The sex of the individual. In the American alligator , for example, females are hatched from eggs incubated between 27.7 to 30 °C (81.9 to 86.0 °F), whereas males are hatched from eggs 32.2 to 33.8 °C (90.0 to 92.8 °F). In this method, however, all eggs in a clutch (20–50) will be of the same sex. In fact, the natural sex ratio of this species is five females to one male. In birds, mothers can influence
650-414: The sex of their chicks. In peafowl , maternal body condition can influence the proportion of daughters in the range from 25% to 87%. Dichogamy (sequential hermaphroditism) is normal in several groups of fish, such as wrasses , parrotfish and clownfish . This can cause a discrepancy in the sex ratios as well. In the bluestreak cleaner wrasse , there is only one male for every group of 6-8 females. If
676-405: The sex ratio reverses, with 81 older men for every 100 older women; across all ages, the global population is nearly balanced, with 101 males for every 100 females. In most species, the sex ratio varies according to the age profile of the population. It is generally divided into four subdivisions: These definitions can be somewhat subjective since they lack clear boundaries. Sex ratio theory
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