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42-788: Kiev Folios were found in the 19th century in Jerusalem by the Archimandrite Andrej Kapustin ( Antonin Kapustin ), who donated them to the Kiev Theological Academy . After the 1917 Russian Revolution, the folios were transferred to the library of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in Kyiv where they are being kept today. Izmail Sreznevsky made the manuscript known to the public, editing

84-607: A beginning of the terraced gardens there. The Head of the religion after him, Shoghi Effendi , began building other structures and the Universal House of Justice continued the work until the Bahá'í World Centre was brought to its current state as the spiritual and administrative centre of the religion. Its gardens are highly popular places to visit and Mohsen Makhmalbaf 's 2012 film The Gardener featured them. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from

126-517: A part of the missal has been preserved, from the sacramentary containing crucial and unchangeable parts spoken by the priest. The Kiev Folios are generally held by Slavists as the oldest among the OCS canon manuscripts, even though they exhibit several West Slavic features that place them at the beginning of the Czech-Moravian recension of OCS. These are: As features that connect Kiev Folios to

168-592: A passage about Musa ( Moses ) proclaiming to the Children of Israel : "O my people! Enter the Holy Land which Allah has destined for you ˹to enter˺. And do not turn back or else you will become losers." The Quran also refers to the land as being 'Blessed'. Jerusalem (referred to as Al-Quds , Arabic : الـقُـدس , 'The Holy') has particular significance in Islam. The Quran refers to Muhammad 's experiencing

210-468: A wide land-range including Syria and Lebanon , especially the cities of Tyre and Sidon ; Az-Zujaj describes it as " Damascus , Palestine, and a bit of Jordan "; Muadh ibn Jabal as "the area between al-Arish and the Euphrates "; and Ibn Abbas as "the land of Jericho ". This overall region is referred to as " Ash-Shām " ( Arabic : الـشَّـام ). The holiest places for Baháʼí pilgrimage are

252-539: Is an area roughly located between the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern bank of the Jordan River , traditionally synonymous both with the biblical Land of Israel and with the region of Palestine . Today, the term "Holy Land" usually refers to a territory roughly corresponding to the modern states of Israel and Palestine . Jews , Christians , Muslims , and Baháʼís regard it as holy . Part of

294-740: Is further used twice in the deuterocanonical books (Wisdom 12:3, 2 Maccabees 1:7). The holiness of the Land of Israel is generally implied by the Tanakh's claim that the Land was given to the Israelites by God, that is, it is the " Promised Land ", an integral part of God's covenant . In the Torah , many mitzvot commanded to the Israelites can only be performed in the Land of Israel, which serves to differentiate it from other lands. For example, in

336-569: Is guaranteed entrance to the World to Come ". A story says that when R. Eleazar b. Shammua' and R. Johanan HaSandlar left Israel to study from R. Judah ben Bathyra , they only managed to reach Sidon when "the thought of the sanctity of Palestine overcame their resolution, and they shed tears, rent their garments, and turned back". Due to the Jewish population being concentrated in Israel, emigration

378-492: Is like being buried under the altar." The saying "His land will absolve His people" implies that burial in Israel will cause one to be absolved of all one's sins. For Christians , the Holy Land is considered holy because of its association with the birth , ministry, crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus , whom Christians regard as the incarnation of God and the Messiah . Christian books, including many editions of

420-662: Is why there are no blocks of cells for monastics when Russian nuns formed a separate convent, the Gorneye Convent  [ ru ] , and began living there. The Church of the Meeting of the Most Holy Virgin Mary with St. Elizabeth was consecrated on 30 March 1883 at the convent. This consecration led to the addition of this feast to the Orthodox Liturgical calendar with the composition of

462-745: The Isra and Mi'raj as "Glory be to the One Who took His servant ˹Muḥammad˺ by night from the Sacred Mosque to the Farthest Mosque whose surroundings We have blessed, so that We may show him some of Our signs". Ahadith infer that the "Farthest Masjid" is in Al-Quds; for example, as narrated by Abu Hurairah : "On the night journey of the Apostle of Allah, two cups, one containing wine and

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504-757: The Kaaba in the Hijazi city of Mecca , following a revelation to Muhammad by the Archangel Jibril . The current construction of the Al-Aqsa mosque , which lies on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, is dated to the early Umayyad period of rule in Palestine . Architectural historian K. A. C. Creswell , referring to a testimony by Arculf , a Gallic monk, during his pilgrimage to Palestine in 679–82, notes

546-875: The Oak of Mamre , that according to the Scriptures was where the Old Testament Patriarch Abraham provided hospitality to three angels. In 1874, he had built near the Oak a hostel for the pilgrims. Archimandrite Antonin, with Igumen Parthenius, acquired land at the summit of the Mount of Olives on which, in 1870, they built the Church of the Ascension  [ ru ] with a 200-foot bell tower. Later, after Antonin's repose, Igumen Parthenius established

588-662: The Ottoman Sultan in 1857. During Antonin's administration of the mission, he worked intently to strengthen the mission and its responsibilities to help Russian pilgrims to Jerusalem . In accomplishing the task, he began a vigorous activity of land acquisitions in Palestine and established hospices. These acquisitions were also inspired as a means of resisting the activities by Protestants and Roman Catholics who were active acquiring land and buildings in Palestine. In November 1868, Antonin made his first acquisition, that of

630-557: The Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh and the Shrine of the Báb , which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the coastal cities of Acre and Haifa , respectively. The Baháʼí Faith 's founder, Bahá'u'lláh , was exiled to Acre Prison from 1868 and spent his life in its surroundings until his death in 1892. In his writings he set the slope of Mount Carmel to host the Shrine of the Báb which his appointed successor 'Abdu'l-Bahá erected in 1909 as

672-645: The holy places played a role in the Eastern Question which led to the Crimean War in the 1850s. Many sites in the Holy Land have long been pilgrimage destinations for adherents of the Abrahamic religions , including Jews, Christians, Muslims, and Baháʼís . Pilgrims visit the Holy Land to touch and see physical manifestations of their faith , to confirm their beliefs in the holy context with collective excitation, and to connect personally to

714-538: The Bible, often have maps of the Holy Land (considered to be Galilee, Samaria, and Judea). For instance, the Itinerarium Sacrae Scripturae ( lit.   ' Travel book through Holy Scripture ' ) of Heinrich Bünting (1545–1606), a German Protestant pastor, featured such a map. His book was very popular, and it provided "the most complete available summary of biblical geography and described

756-456: The Convent of the Ascension at the site. In 1871, Antonin acquired an extensive olive tree plantation upon which were two buildings that were used to shelter Russian pilgrims. The property was expanded with the purchase of adjacent lands. On this land, Antonin directed that pilgrims who wished to settle in Jerusalem had to build houses and plant the gardens around them at their own expense. That

798-614: The Croatian Slavist Marija Pantelić, who finally situated it somewhere in the Dubrovnik area. The rest of the folios, containing part of the Roman Missal , is dated at no later than the second half of the 10th century. By content it is a Roman Missal , i.e., a book collecting all the text used at the holy mass service. Missal texts are accompanied by instructions on how to perform rites throughout

840-635: The Holy Land. Researchers consider that the concept of a land made holy by being the "earthly dwelling of the God of Israel " was present in Judaism at the latest by the time of Zechariah (6th century BCE). Jews commonly refer to the Land of Israel as "The Holy Land" ( Hebrew : אֶרֶץ הַקוֹדֵשׁ Eretz HaKodesh ). The Tanakh explicitly refers to it as "holy land" in Zechariah 2:16. The term "holy land"

882-479: The Kiev folios has been paid by Václav Vondrák in a paper O původu Kijevských listů a Pražských zlomků a o bohemismech v starších církevněslovanských památkách vůbec (Praha, 1904). The newest facsimile edition has been published in 1983 in Kiev to honor the ninth International Congress of Slavists which was held there (V. V. Nimčuk, Kijivs′ki hlaholični lystky , AN USSR). That edition contains extensive overview of

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924-464: The Land of Israel, "no land shall be sold permanently" (Leviticus 25:23). Shmita is only observed with respect to the Land of Israel, and the observance of many holy days is different, as an extra day is observed in the Jewish diaspora . According to Eliezer Schweid : The uniqueness of the Land of Israel is...'geo-theological' and not merely climatic. This is the land which faces the entrance of

966-595: The Land of Israel, appears in the Hebrew Bible 154 times. The Talmud mentions the religious duty of populating Israel. So significant in Judaism is the act of purchasing land in Israel, the Talmud allows for the lifting of certain religious restrictions of Sabbath observance to further its acquisition and settlement. Rabbi Johanan said that "Whoever walks four cubits in Eretz Yisrael [the Land of Israel]

1008-568: The Quran and Islamic traditions, Al-Aqsa Mosque is the place from which Muhammad went on a night journey ( al-isra ) during which he rode on Buraq , who took him from Mecca to al-Aqsa. Muhammad tethered Buraq to the Western Wall and prayed at al-Aqsa Mosque and after he finished his prayers, the angel Jibril ( Gabriel ) traveled with him to heaven, where he met several other prophets and led them in prayer. The historical significance of

1050-461: The al-Aqsa Mosque in Islam is further emphasized by the fact that Muslims turned towards al-Aqsa when they prayed for a period of 16 or 17 months after migration to Medina in 624; it thus became the qibla ('direction') that Muslims faced for prayer. The exact region referred to as being 'blessed' in the Quran, in verses like 17:1 , 21:71 and 34:18 , has been interpreted differently by various scholars. Abdullah Yusuf Ali likens it to

1092-918: The canonic manuscripts of other important Slavic area, namely Bulgarian , one has to note: Croatian Slavist Josip Hamm stirred a fierce debate in his book Das Glagolitische Missale von Kiew (Wien, 1979). In it, and in his other papers and lectures he maintained the view that the Kiev Folios are a 19th-century fake by Czech patriots in order to prove the antiquity of Czech literary culture. However, in general Slavists do not hold this view. Antonin Kapustin Archimandrate Antonin ( Russian : Архимандри́т Антони́н , romanized :  Arkhimandrit Antonin ; 24 August [ O.S. 12 August] 1817 – 5 April [ O.S. 24 March] 1894), born Andrey Ivanovich Kapustin (Russian: Андре́й Ива́нович Капу́стин )

1134-723: The church that revealed the ruins of an earlier church and an even older Roman bath. In 1860, Antonin served as the priest of the Russian embassy church in Constantinople where he was introduced into a new circle of acquaintances with influential Russians and Greeks in the Near East . In 1865, Antonin joined, as chief, the Russian Orthodox Ecclesiastical Mission in Jerusalem , a mission that had been officially established and recognized by

1176-433: The existing bibliography of the Kiev Folios. The first page of the first folio was written later than other pages, probably at the boundary of the 11th and 12th centuries. Linguistic, paleographic and graphic features indicate South Croatia as its place of origin. This page contains parts of Paul's epistles (13, 11-14 and 14, 1-4). That part of the Kiev Folios and the problems associated with it has been thoroughly analyzed by

1218-529: The first edition of Kiev Folios in 1874. They have been republished many times since, though not always successfully. Notable editions are by Vatroslav Jagić in 1890 ( Glagolitica. 2. Würdigung neuentdeckter Fragmente, Mit 10 Taf. , Wien 1890, Denkschrift. Kaiserl. Akad., Bd. 38), by Sievers in 1924 ( Die altslavischen Verstexte von Kiew und Freising , Leipzig 1924, Akad. Wiss., phil.-hist. Kl., Bd. 76/2) and by Mohlberg in 1928 ( Il messale di Kiew/sec IX./ed il suo prototipo Romano del VI-VII ). Special attention to

1260-559: The geography of the Holy Land by tracing the travels of major figures from the Old and New testaments." As a geographic term, the description "Holy Land" loosely encompasses modern-day Israel , the Palestinian territories , Lebanon , western Jordan and south-western Syria . In the Quran , the term Al-Ard Al-Muqaddasah ( Arabic : الأرض المقدسة , English: 'Holy Land' ) is used in

1302-520: The liturgical year, called rubrics , which is a term originating from Latin word rubrica designating red soil used for painting. The text of the Kiev Missal folios has been for the most part written in black (the text meant to be pronounced), and for the lesser part in red (the instructions for gestures that the priest must perform and other instructions for the ceremony). Since the Kiev Missal has only 13 pages preserved, it's obvious that only

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1344-462: The other containing milk, were presented to him at Al-Quds (Jerusalem). He looked at them and took the cup of milk. Angel Gabriel said, 'Praise be to Allah, who guided you to Al-Fitrah (the right path); if you had taken (the cup of) wine, your Ummah would have gone astray'." Jerusalem was Islam's first Qiblah (direction of prayer) in Muhammad's lifetime, however, this was later changed to

1386-623: The possibility that the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate , Umar ibn al-Khattab , erected a primitive quadrangular building for a capacity of 3,000 worshipers somewhere on the Haram ash-Sharif. However, Arculf visited Palestine during the reign of Mu'awiyah I , and it is possible that Mu'awiyah ordered the construction, not Umar. This latter claim is explicitly supported by the early Muslim scholar al-Muthahhar bin Tahir. According to

1428-526: The service added to the Menaion by Archimandrite Antonin. In 1882, Archimandrite Antonin, with Conrad Schick , a German archaeologist and architect, supervised the excavations of the plot of land acquired by the Russian government in 1859 next to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. The excavations known as the "Russian Excavations", uncovered a number of archaeological findings dated to

1470-612: The significance of the land stems from the religious significance of Jerusalem (the holiest city to Judaism , and the location of the First and Second Temples ), as well as its historical significance as the setting for most of the Bible , the historical locale of Jesus' ministry , the location of the first Qibla before Kaaba in Mecca and the site of the Isra and Mi'raj event in Islam , and

1512-524: The site of the Temple , is considered especially significant. Sacred burials are still undertaken for diaspora Jews who wish to lie buried in the holy soil of Israel. According to Jewish tradition, Jerusalem is Mount Moriah , the location of the binding of Isaac . The Hebrew Bible mentions the name " Jerusalem " 669 times, often because many mitzvot can only be performed within its environs. The name " Zion ", which usually refers to Jerusalem, but sometimes

1554-650: The site of the most revered pilgrimage sites in the Baháʼí Faith . The holiness of the land as a destination of Christian pilgrimage contributed to launching the Crusades , as European Christians sought to win back the Holy Land from Muslims, who had conquered it from the Christian Eastern Roman Empire in AD 630. In the 19th century, the Holy Land became the subject of diplomatic wrangling as

1596-512: The spiritual world, that sphere of existence that lies beyond the physical world known to us through our senses. This is the key to the land's unique status with regard to prophecy and prayer, and also with regard to the commandments. From the perspective of the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia , the holiness of Israel had been concentrated since the sixteenth century, especially for burial, in the " Four Holy Cities ": Jerusalem , Hebron , Safed and Tiberias – as Judaism 's holiest cities. Jerusalem, as

1638-666: The time of Christ, including the "needle's eye", and the Threshold of Judgment Gate. In 1886, Archimandrite Antonin purchased land in Jaffa , in southern Tel-Aviv , on which the tomb of the righteous Tavi (Acts: 9, 36) is located. Initially, a garden was planted on the land. In 1894, a temple was built, dedicated to the Apostle Peter , that was consecrated by Patriarch Gerasimus I of Jerusalem . Archimandrite Antonin reposed on 24 March 1894. Holy Land The Holy Land

1680-459: Was a Russian Orthodox monk. He was a noted Byzantologist and honorary member of many academies and scientific societies. He is noted for his activities in Greece and the Holy Land establishing ecclesiastical facilities and support for Russian pilgrims. Andrey Kapustin was born on 12 August 1817 in the village of Baturino, in a priestly family. He attended the Kiev Theological Academy , where he taught after his graduation. Entering monasticism, he

1722-463: Was generally prevented, which resulted in a limiting of the amount of space available for Jewish learning. However, after suffering persecutions in Israel for centuries after the destruction of the Temple, Rabbis who had found it very difficult to retain their position moved to Babylon , which offered them better protection. Many Jews wanted Israel to be the place where they died, in order to be buried there. The sage Rabbi Anan said "To be buried in Israel

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1764-488: Was tonsured as monk with the name Antonin and rose to the rank of archimandrite . A theologian and professor at the Kiev Theological Academy, in 1847, Fr. Antonin was assigned to the Church of the Savior, a church in disrepair in Athens , Greece that had been purchased by the Russian government of Tsar Alexander II to serve the Russian community in Athens. He led the effort to restore the church. During his service in Athens he also supervised archaeological excavations under

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