Misplaced Pages

#986013

109-567: The Académie des Beaux-Arts (ABA) is a school in Kinshasa , Democratic Republic of the Congo . The school is devoted to teaching the arts , and was founded in 1943 as the École Saint-Luc à Gombe Matadi by Belgian catholic missionary Marc Wallenda . In 1949 the school moved to present-day Kinshasa and in 1957 it was renamed as the Académie des Beaux-Arts . During the education reforms of 1981

218-632: A 2016 federal survey of US homeschoolers found that over 40 percent of homeschoolers were not White, a majority had parents with less than a bachelor's degree , and over one in five lived in poverty. In the UK , the government has noted that no figures are available on educational attainment for children educated at home: "This means no assessment can be made of the impact on educational attainment of being home schooled". Claims by homeschooling proponents that homeschoolers fare better than traditionally schooled children are insufficiently supported by data. With

327-970: A base understanding of complex scientific concepts without any background studying. Depending on the part of the world, informal learning can take on many different identities and has differing cultural importances. Many ways of organizing homeschooling draw on the model of apprenticeships and play-based learning . In some South American indigenous cultures , such as the Chillihuani community in Peru, children learn irrigation and farming technique through play, advancing them not only in their own village and society but also in their knowledge of realistic techniques that they will need to survive. In Western culture, children use informal learning in two main ways: through hands-on experience with new material, and by asking questions to someone who has more experience (i.e. parents, elders). The concept of informal learning depends on

436-419: A basic curriculum with articulated goals and outcomes. This style attempts to imitate the structure of a traditional school setting while personalizing the curriculum. Unstructured homeschooling, also known as unschooling, is any form of home education where parents do not construct a curriculum at all. This method attempts to teach through the child's daily experiences and focuses more on self-directed learning by

545-510: A challenge. Other common methodological problems commonly included the presence of confounding factors such as socioeconomic status and parental involvement, over-reliance on parental testimony, and taking into account the timing and duration of homeschooling (many homeschoolers only do so for a few years). Homeschooling research is often conducted on homeschooled children or their parents; surveys of adults who have been homeschooled are extremely limited. The majority of homeschool research in

654-458: A child might not encounter people of other cultures, worldviews, and socioeconomic groups if they are not enrolled in a school. Therefore, these critics believe that homeschooling cannot guarantee a comprehensive and neutral education if educational standards are not prescribed. Studies on homeschooled students typically rely on convenience sampling , which may disproportionately sample the highest-achieving homeschoolers. Researchers have identified

763-596: A financial incentive to homeschool in Alaska does raise questions about the applicability of the results to other areas which do not have these programs in place. Unschooled children tend to score significantly below traditionally educated children, and higher parental involvement and the use of a structured curriculum is strongly positively correlated with homeschooling outcomes, as with conventionally schooled students. A survey of educational outcomes for homeschool students found that homeschoolers consistently scored below

872-731: A higher standard of education or seek to foster other personal achievements. Schools for adults include institutions of corporate training , military education and training and business schools . Critics of school often accuse the school system of failing to adequately prepare students for their future lives, of encouraging certain temperaments while inhibiting others, of prescribing students exactly what to do, how, when, where and with whom, which would suppress creativity , and of using extrinsic measures such as grades and homework , which would inhibit children's natural curiosity and desire to learn. In homeschooling and distance education , teaching and learning take place independent from

981-461: A legal alternative to public and private schools in many countries, which many people believe is due to the rise of the Internet, which enables people to obtain information very quickly. The regulation and legality of homeschooling varies by jurisdiction . There are many different reasons for homeschooling, ranging from personal interests to dissatisfaction with the school system . Homeschooling

1090-452: A necessity for a variety of reasons. For those who are in isolated rural locations that are too far from a conventional school, living abroad, or travel frequently, homeschool provides more consistency and convenience, eliminating the issues of distance or cultural barriers. Many young athletes, actors, and musicians are taught at home to accommodate their travel and practice schedules more conveniently. Mental and physical health issues are also

1199-799: A need for more representative samples in studying homeschooling. While "homeschooling" is the term commonly used in the United States and other nations in North America, "home education" is primarily used in the United Kingdom , elsewhere in Europe and many Commonwealth countries . For most of history, home education was common. In many cultures, home education often consisted of literacy training centered around religious texts, as well as basic math skills needed in everyday life. Reading aloud, reciting, and memorizing passages from

SECTION 10

#1732773094987

1308-420: A number comparable to the number of students in charter schools or Catholic schools . This increase was far-reaching across every measured demographic category and region. This increase has led to a rise in critical interest about the impacts of homeschooling, both positive and negative. There are many reasons why parents and children choose to homeschool, whether by necessity or by choice. Homeschool may be

1417-426: A reason parents may homeschool or take distance education . Parents commonly cite two main motivations for voluntarily homeschooling their children: dissatisfaction with the local schools and the interest in increased involvement with their children's learning and development. Parental dissatisfaction with available schools typically includes concerns about the school environment, the quality of academic instruction,

1526-479: A reason why homeschoolers are less likely to pursue higher education. Looking beyond high school, a study by the 1990 National Home Education Research Institute (as cited by Wichers, 2001) found that at least 33% of homeschooled students attended a four-year college, and 17% attended a two-year college (with the national average being 40% and 20%, respectively). This same study examined the students after one year, finding that 17% pursued higher education. A study by

1635-424: A religious education. Use of a religious curriculum such as Abeka is common among these families. In the United States, conservative Christians drove the movement to homeschool and made up the vast majority of homeschoolers until recent years. However, the percent of people who cited religion as the primary reason for homeschooling has declined drastically. In 2012, almost 2 of 3 homeschool parents did, while by 2023,

1744-455: A rumor that Catholics were attempting to remove the Bible from schools. The Toledo Reverend Patrick Francis Quigley was put on trial in 1891 for resisting the requirement to report the names of students at his school, which he was principal of; he argued unsuccessfully that "the state has no right to control the education of the child." Resistance to mandatory schooling was sporadic throughout

1853-460: A school can have significant impact on local communities. In low-income countries , only 32% of primary, 43% of lower secondary and 52% of upper secondary schools have access to electricity . This affects access to the internet , which is just 37% in upper secondary schools in low-income countries, as compared to 59% in those in middle-income countries and 93% in those in high-income countries . Access to basic water , sanitation and hygiene

1962-481: A school of economics or dance. Alternative schools may provide nontraditional curriculum and methods. Non-government schools, also known as private schools , may be required when the government does not supply adequate or specific educational needs. Other private schools can also be religious, such as Christian schools , gurukula (Hindu schools), madrasa (Arabic schools), hawzas (Shi'i Muslim schools), yeshivas (Jewish schools), and others; or schools that have

2071-610: A school. To be granted the right to homeschool, parents must have a baccalauréat or equivalent to prove they are qualified to teach. These restrictions were introduced in September 2022, known as loi contre le séparatisme : a law designed to reduce " Islamist separatism " and enforce secularism . A meta-analysis of studies on homeschooling in Asia found that the majority of homeschoolers cited religion as their reason for homeschooling. Because schools were widely shut down during

2180-444: A student's needs while allowing students to continue working and tending to their other obligations. Online school education is divided into three subcategories: Online Elementary School, Online Middle School, Online High school. As a profession, teaching has levels of work-related stress (WRS) that are among the highest of any profession in some countries, such as the United Kingdom and the United States. The degree of this problem

2289-644: A study found that 78 percent utilized "a public library"; 77 percent used "a homeschooling catalogue, publisher, or individual specialist"; 68 percent used "retail bookstore or another store"; 60 percent used "an education publisher that was not affiliated with homeschooling." "Approximately half" used curriculum from "a homeschooling organization", 37 percent from a "church, synagogue or other religious institution" and 23 percent from "their local public school or district." In 2003, 41 percent utilized some sort of distance learning , approximately 20 percent by "television, video or radio"; 19 percent via "The Internet, e-mail, or

SECTION 20

#1732773094987

2398-457: A time that works best. Conflicts with taking an online class may include not being face to face with the instructor when learning or being in an environment with other students. Online classes can also make understanding the content challenging, especially when unable to get in quick contact with the instructor. Online students have the advantage of using other online sources with assignments or exams for that specific class. Online classes also have

2507-868: A tree with a small / no campus and are free of cost. There are various boards of schools in India, namely Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE), Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE), Madrasa Boards of various states, Matriculation Boards of various states, State Boards of various boards, Anglo Indian Board, among others. Today's typical syllabus includes language(s), mathematics, science – physics, chemistry, biology, geography, history, general knowledge, and information technology/computer science. Extracurricular activities include physical education/sports and cultural activities like music, choreography, painting, and theatre/drama. In much of continental Europe,

2616-720: A vocational school directly. Instead, they are supposed to proceed to one of Germany's general education schools such as Gesamtschule , Hauptschule , Realschule or Gymnasium . When they leave that school, which usually happens at age 15–19, they may proceed to a vocational school. The term school is rarely used for tertiary education , except for some upper or high schools (German: Hochschule), which describe colleges and universities. In Eastern Europe modern schools (after World War II ), of both primary and secondary educations, often are combined. In contrast, secondary education might be split into accomplished or not. The schools are classified as middle schools of general education. For

2725-713: A way of increasing their children's understanding of African-American history – such as the Jim Crow laws that resulted in African Americans being prevented from reading and writing – and to limit the harm caused by the unintentional and sometimes subtle systemic racism that affects most American schools. The increase of homeschooling post-COVID-19 pandemic saw the greatest increases among Black, Latino, and Asian American households. Many families cited concerns that their children, particularly boys, were perceived as threatening or violent at school due to racism, as well as

2834-406: A way to simulate homeschool cooperatives online. With social networks , homeschoolers can chat, discuss threads in forums, share information and tips, and even participate in online classes via learning management systems similar to those used by colleges. Research on homeschooling faces a number of challenges and limitations. The documentation and regulation of homeschooling in the United States

2943-498: Is a discipline which practices architect and others for the design of educational institutions, such as schools and universities , as well as other choices in the educational design of learning experiences. The design of building can significantly influence the learning experience of students. Additionally, because schools are important sources of traffic, employment and community activities, school buildings often act as anchor institutions in neighborhoods or communities. The decline of

3052-726: Is also an option for families living in remote rural areas, those temporarily abroad, those who travel frequently and therefore face the physical impossibility or difficulty of getting their children into school, and those who want to spend more time with their children. Health reasons and special needs can also play a role in why children cannot attend a school regularly and are at least partially homeschooled. Critics of homeschooling argue that children may lack adequate socialization and therefore have poorer social skills . Some are also concerned that parents may be unqualified to guide and advise their children, or that abusive parents may use homeschool to isolate their children. Critics also say that

3161-530: Is also far from universal. Among upper secondary schools, only 53% in low-income countries and 84% in middle-income countries have access to basic drinking water. Access to water and sanitation is universal in high-income countries. The safety of staff and students is increasingly becoming an issue for school communities, an issue most schools are addressing through improved security. Some have also taken measures such as installing metal detectors or video surveillance . Others have even taken measures such as having

3270-474: Is an everyday experience there. A homeschool cooperative is a cooperative of families who homeschool their children. It provides an opportunity for children to learn from other parents who are more specialized in certain areas or subjects. Co-ops also provide social interaction. They may take lessons together or go on field trips. Some co-ops also offer events such as prom and graduation for homeschoolers. Homeschoolers are beginning to utilize Web 2.0 as

3379-596: Is becoming increasingly recognized and support systems are being put into place. Stress sometimes affects students more severely than teachers, up to the point where the students are prescribed stress medication. This stress is claimed to be related to standardized testing, and the pressure on students to score above average. According to a 2008 mental health study by the Associated Press and mtvU, eight in 10 U.S. college students said they had sometimes or frequently experienced stress in their daily lives. This

Académie des Beaux-Arts (Kinshasa) - Misplaced Pages Continue

3488-574: Is compulsory under the Universal Basic Education Program (UBEC). Tertiary institutions include public and private universities, polytechnics, and colleges of education. Universities can be funded by the federal government, state governments, religious institutions, or individuals and organisations. Many schools are owned or funded by states . Private schools operate independently from the government. Private schools usually rely on fees from families whose children attend

3597-600: Is employed", but later "a group to whom lectures were given, school". The concept of grouping students together in a centralized location for learning has existed since Classical antiquity . Formal schools have existed at least since ancient Greece (see Academy ), ancient Rome (see Education in Ancient Rome ) ancient India (see Gurukul ), and ancient China (see History of education in China ). The Byzantine Empire had an established schooling system beginning at

3706-445: Is highly variable among states, with a minority of states administering any rigorous testing or record-keeping of homeschooled children; in eleven states, no record of homeschooled students is kept at all. As of 2022, virtually all research on homeschooling used convenience sampling , leading to issues with selection bias. Homeschoolers as a demographic tend towards distrust of surveillance and institutions, making eliminating survey bias

3815-486: Is not uncommon for a student to experience more than one approach as the family discovers what works best for their student. Some companies offer all-in-one homeschooling curricula. Purchased as a grade-level package or separately by subject, the package may contain all of the needed books, materials, tests, answer keys, and extensive teacher guides. However, many families use an eclectic approach, picking and choosing from various suppliers. For sources of curricula and books,

3924-520: Is only one type of secondary school. However, they may be funded either by the state or independently funded. Scotland's school performance is monitored by Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Education . Ofsted reports on performance in England and Estyn reports on performance in Wales. In the United Kingdom, most schools are publicly funded and known as state schools or maintained schools in which tuition

4033-536: Is provided for free. There are also private schools or private schools that charge fees. Some of the most selective and expensive private schools are known as public schools , a usage that can be confusing to speakers of North American English . In North American usage, a public school is publicly funded or run. In much of the Commonwealth of Nations , including Australia, New Zealand, India, Pakistan , Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Kenya, and Tanzania,

4142-516: Is taught is commonly called a university college or university . In addition to these core schools, students in a given country may also attend schools before and after primary (elementary in the U.S.) and secondary (middle school in the U.S.) education. Kindergarten or preschool provide some schooling to very young children (typically ages 3–5). University, vocational school , college or seminary may be available after secondary school. A school may be dedicated to one particular field, such as

4251-542: The COVID-19 pandemic . A commonly cited reason for choosing this model is that parents are not sure whether they can provide their children a comprehensive and neutral education at home or cannot devote themselves to homeschooling full-time due to time constraints or excessive stress. Some families also want their children to socialize with other children and find that schools are better suited for this purpose because social exchange does not only take place occasionally, but

4360-649: The Kentucky Office Of Education Accountability found that homeschooled students attended college or university within Kentucky at less than half the rate of other Kentucky high school graduates, with the academic outcomes of other homeschooled students being unknown. Although educational outcomes of homeschoolers are difficult to track, especially where homeschooled students are not required to be registered, home-schoolers tend to take standardized college admission tests such as

4469-495: The Latin language . This led to the term grammar school , which in the United States informally refers to a primary school, but in the United Kingdom means a school that selects entrants based on ability or aptitude. The school curriculum has gradually broadened to include literacy in the vernacular language and technical, artistic, scientific, and practical subjects. Obligatory school attendance became common in parts of Europe during

Académie des Beaux-Arts (Kinshasa) - Misplaced Pages Continue

4578-576: The SAT at a disproportionately low rate, suggesting they may be underrepresented in higher education. Some homeschoolers averaged higher scores on college entrance tests in South Carolina. Other scores (1999 data) showed mixed results, for example showing higher levels for homeschoolers in English (homeschooled 23.4 vs national average 20.5) and reading (homeschooled 24.4 vs national average 21.4) on

4687-612: The teaching of students under the direction of teachers . Most countries have systems of formal education , which is sometimes compulsory . In these systems, students progress through a series of schools that can be built and operated by both government and private organization. The names for these schools vary by country (discussed in the Regional terms section below) but generally include primary school for young children and secondary school for teenagers who have completed primary education . An institution where higher education

4796-574: The total institution — a social system which impels obedience to the state and quells free-thinking or dissent. Informal learning refers to the component of homeschooling which happens outside of the classroom. Informal learning is an everyday form of learning through participation and creation, in contrast with the traditional view of teacher-centered learning. The term is usually used synonymously with "non-formal learning" and "self-directed learning." Informal learning differs from traditional learning as there are no expected objectives or outcomes. From

4905-536: The 18th century. In Denmark-Norway , this was introduced as early as in 1739–1741, the primary end being to increase the literacy of the almue , i.e., the "regular people". Many of the earlier public schools in the United States and elsewhere were one-room schools where a single teacher taught seven grades of boys and girls in the same classroom. Beginning in the 1920s, one-room schools were consolidated into multiple classroom facilities with transportation increasingly provided by kid hacks and school buses . Islam

5014-591: The 1960s and 1970s with educational reformists dissatisfied with industrialized education. Home education and apprenticeship continued to remain the main form of education until the 1830s. However, in the 18th century, the majority of people in Europe lacked formal education. Since the early 19th century, formal classroom schooling became the most common means of schooling throughout the developed countries. As laws enforcing public school attendance proliferated, movements to resist such laws began to form. Resistance to laws mandating school attendance emerged as early as

5123-619: The 19th century as the state undertook more responsibility in protecting the rights of children. In 1913 the US Bureau of Education established the Home Education Division, an organization which worked with the National Council of Mothers and Parent-Teacher Associations to provide home curriculum materials, although these were meant to supplement, not substitute, for public schooling. In the early 20th century,

5232-530: The 5th century CE, monastic schools were also established throughout Western Europe, teaching religious and secular subjects. In Europe, universities emerged during the 12th century; here, scholasticism was an important tool, and the academicians were called schoolmen . During the Middle Ages and much of the Early Modern period, the main purpose of schools (as opposed to universities) was to teach

5341-441: The Bible and other Christian writing were central to this practice, as well as workplace-based education such as apprenticeships . Enlisting professional tutors was an option available only to the wealthy. Home education declined in the 19th and 20th centuries with the enactment of compulsory school attendance laws. However, it continued to be practised in isolated communities. The practice of what we now call homeschooling began in

5450-599: The Bible for themselves. Today, compulsory education at school is strictly enforced in Germany, and is only permitted in rare cases, such as that of serious illness. However, parents interested in alternative schooling may choose to send their children to a private, independent school. Homeschooling in France is permitted only in specific circumstances: for the health of the child, for intensive artistic or sports training, for itinerant families, and for those who live too far from

5559-693: The COVID-19 pandemic caused many parents to consider homeschooling where they might not have before. Concerns about school environment - the most commonly cited reason for homeschooling - may comprise a number of issues with conventional schooling, such as protection against bullying , social exclusion, drugs, stress, sexualization, social pressures, excessive performance thoughts, social groups or role models with negative influences, and degrading treatment in school. Children may also learn more efficiently at home because they are not distracted by other students or typical school scheduling. Some parents are of

SECTION 50

#1732773094987

5668-715: The Empire emphasized efficiency in its war manuals. The Byzantine education system continued until the empire's collapse in 1453 AD. In Western Europe, a considerable number of cathedral schools were founded during the Early Middle Ages in order to teach future clergy and administrators, with the oldest still existing, and continuously operated, cathedral schools being The King's School, Canterbury (established 597 CE), King's School, Rochester (established 604 CE), St Peter's School, York (established 627 CE) and Thetford Grammar School (established 631 CE). Beginning in

5777-497: The Mughal rule, Madrasahs were introduced in India to educate the children of Muslim parents. British records show that indigenous education was widespread in the 18th century, with a school for every temple, mosque, or village in most regions. The subjects taught included Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, Theology, Law, Astronomy, Metaphysics, Ethics, Medical Science, and Religion. Under British rule, Christian missionaries from England,

5886-580: The Quran. Attending a Qur'anic school is how children become recognized members of the Islamic faith. Children often attend state schools and a Qur'anic school. In Mozambique, specifically, there are two kinds of Qur'anic schools. They are the tariqa based and the Wahhabi-based schools. What makes these schools different is who controls them. Tariqa schools are controlled at the local level. In contrast,

5995-523: The United States is done with the support of the homeschool advocacy group, the Home School Legal Defense Association (HSLDA). A review of studies performed by prominent HSLDA-affiliated researcher Dr. Brian D. Ray found severe design limitations and demographic bias; nearly all subjects in his studies were White , Christian , and from households with two married parents who were more educated than average. Meanwhile,

6104-590: The United States, and other countries established missionary and boarding schools in India. Later as these schools gained popularity, more were started, and some gained prestige. These schools marked the beginning of modern schooling in India. The syllabus and calendar they followed became the benchmark for schools in modern India. Today most schools follow the missionary school model for tutoring, subject/syllabus, and governance, with minor changes. Schools in India range from large campuses with thousands of students and hefty fees to schools where children are taught under

6213-909: The United States, school performance through high school is monitored by each state's department of education . Charter schools are publicly funded elementary or secondary schools that have been freed from some of the rules, regulations, and statutes that apply to other public schools. The terms grammar school and grade school are sometimes used to refer to a primary school due to British colonial legacies. In addition, there are tax-funded magnet schools which offer different programs and instruction not available in traditional schools. In West Africa, "school" can also refer to "bush" schools, Quranic schools, or apprenticeships. These schools include formal and informal learning. Bush schools are training camps that pass down cultural skills, traditions, and knowledge to their students. Bush schools are semi-similar to traditional western schools because they are separated from

6322-941: The Wahhabi are controlled by the Islamic Council. Within the Qur'anic school system, there are levels of education. They range from a basic level of understanding, called chuo and kioni in local languages, to the most advanced, which is called ilimu. In Nigeria, the term school broadly covers daycares , nursery schools , primary schools , secondary schools and tertiary institutions . Primary and secondary schools are either privately funded by religious institutions and corporate organisations or government-funded. Government-funded schools are commonly referred to as public schools. Students spend six years in primary school, three years in junior secondary school, and three years in senior secondary school. The first nine years of formal schooling

6431-478: The World Wide Web"; and 15 percent taking a "correspondence course by mail designed specifically for homeschoolers." Individual governmental units, e.g. states and local districts, vary in official curriculum and attendance requirements. Approaches to homeschooling fall under two categories: structured and unstructured. Structured homeschooling includes any method or style of home education that follows

6540-461: The advantage of students not needing to leave their house for a morning class or worrying about their attendance for that class. Students can work at their own pace to learn and achieve within that curriculum. The convenience of learning at home has been an attraction point for enrolling online. Students can attend class anywhere a computer can go – at home, in a library, or while traveling internationally. Online school classes are designed to fit

6649-455: The average in math, but with mixed or average results in reading and writing. The exact cause of this is not known, but researchers speculated that this was due to the nature of curricula, which often consisted of being read to or self-directed reading, and a lack of parental training in math. Homeschooled children have been found to be less self-motivated when studying math than reading or writing. This gap in competency has also been suggested as

SECTION 60

#1732773094987

6758-445: The boys' bush school. They practice domestic affairs such as cooking, childcare, and being a good wife. Their training is focused on how to be a proper woman by societal standards. Qur'anic schools are the principal way of teaching the Quran and knowledge of the Islamic faith. These schools also fostered literacy and writing during the time of colonization. Today, the emphasis is on the different levels of reading, memorizing, and reciting

6867-603: The case of the School Net Namibia . Some online classes also provide experience in a class. When people take them, they have already been introduced to the subject and know what to expect. Classes provide high school/college credit, allowing students to take the classes at their own pace. Many online classes cost money to take, but some are offered free. Internet-based distance learning programs are offered widely through many universities. Instructors teach through online activities and assignments. Online classes are taught

6976-468: The child usually gets to decide what projects they wish to tackle or what interests to pursue. In-home education, this can be instead of or in addition to regular subjects like doing math or English. Hybrid homeschooling or flex-school is a form of homeschooling in which children split their time between homeschool and a more traditional schooling environment like a school . The number of students who participated in hybrid homeschooling increased during

7085-771: The child, free of textbooks, teachers, and any formal assessment of success or failure. The term unschooling , coined by John Holt , describes an approach in which parents do not authoritatively direct the child's education, but interact with the child following the child's interests, leaving them free to explore and learn. Natural learning refers to a type of learning-on-demand where children pursue knowledge based on their interests and parents take an active part in facilitating activities and experiences conducive to learning but do not rely heavily on textbooks or spend much time "teaching", looking instead for "learning moments" throughout their daily activities. Parents see their role as that of affirming through positive feedback and modeling

7194-658: The children swipe identification cards as they board the school bus. These plans have included door numbering to aid public safety response for some schools. Other security concerns faced by schools include bomb threats, gangs, and vandalism. In recognition of these threats, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4 advocates for upgrading education facilities to provide a safe, non-violent learning environment. School health services are services from medical, teaching and other professionals applied in or out of school to improve

7303-726: The concepts homeschoolers can incorporate include classical education (including Trivium , Quadrivium ), Charlotte Mason education, Montessori , theory of multiple intelligences , unschooling, Waldorf , school-at-home (curriculum choices from both secular and religious publishers), and A Thomas Jefferson Education . Homeschool educations may incorporate pre-made curriculum made up from private or small publishers, apprenticeship, hands-on-learning, distance learning (both online and correspondence), dual enrollment in local schools or colleges, and curriculum provided by local schools and many others. A student's education may be customized to support his or her learning level, style, and interests. It

7412-431: The concrete practice can vary widely. The spectrum ranges from highly structured forms based on traditional school lessons to more open, free forms like unschooling , which is a curriculum -free implementation of homeschooling that involves teaching children based on their interests. Homeschool families can utilize a wide variety of educational methods and materials with a wide range of educational paradigms. Some of

7521-441: The curriculum so that students finish a school year with a deep understanding of a certain broad subject or idea. Autonomous learning is a school of education which sees learners as individuals who can and should be autonomous ; i.e., be responsible for their own learning climate. Autonomous education helps students develop their self-consciousness, vision, practicality, and freedom of discussion. These attributes serve to aid

7630-432: The curriculum, bullying, the risk of school shootings , racism, and lack of faith in the school's ability to cater to their children's special needs . Some parents homeschool in order to have greater control over what and how their children are taught, to cater more adequately to an individual child's aptitudes and abilities, to provide instruction from a specific religious or and moral position, and to take advantage of

7739-475: The dismantling of the state's influence in education in three works: Intellectual Schizophrenia , The Messianic Character of American Education , and The Philosophy of the Christian Curriculum . Rushdoony was frequently called as an expert witness by the Home School Legal Defense Association (HSLDA) in court cases. He frequently advocated the use of private schools. The HSLDA, founded in 1983,

7848-463: The early 19th century, attending a school became the most common means of education in the developed world. In the mid to late 20th century, more people began questioning the practice of school learning, which again led to an increase in the number of homeschoolers, especially in the Americas and some European countries. In the 21st century, homeschooling is a relatively widespread form of education and

7957-535: The early part of the COVID-19 pandemic , many schools implemented distance education and online learning. This is not considered homeschooling, since students' education was directed by public schools. However, the onset of the pandemic triggered a massive increase in the prevalence of homeschooling. An investigation by the Washington Post estimated that the United States saw an increase of homeschooled children from 1.5 million to between 1.9 and 2.7 million,

8066-441: The efficiency of one-to-one instruction and thus allow the child to spend more time on childhood activities, socializing, and non-academic learning. A 2023 survey of homeschooling parents in the United States found concerns about school environment, moral instruction, dissatisfaction with academics, concern about school shootings , and bullying to be the most common reasons for homeschooling. The need for distance learning during

8175-590: The end of the nineteenth century. Catholic groups in particular resisted the enforcement of Protestant ideals in public schools, as seen in the 1844 Philadelphia nativist riots . The Philadelphia Roman Catholic bishop requested that Catholic schoolchildren be permitted to read the Catholic Douay bible in school rather than the Protestant King James Version , which was granted. This decision fanned anti-Catholic sentiment, sparking

8284-620: The first to make the Madrassa system a public domain under Caliph 's control. Under the Ottomans , the towns of Bursa and Edirne became the main centers of learning. The Ottoman system of Külliye , a building complex containing a mosque, a hospital, madrassa, and public kitchen and dining areas, revolutionized the education system, making learning accessible to a broader public through its free meals, health care, and sometimes free accommodation. The term " school" varies by country, as do

8393-443: The headmaster of Baltimore 's Calvert School , Virgil Hillyer, recognized that various students at his school were unable to attend due to ill health, and began to send out lesson plans to those students' parents. The Calvert method became a popular early home curriculum. Its advertising in periodicals such as McClure's admonished parents that the curriculum was necessary to provide a proper education. This form of homeschooling

8502-464: The health and well-being of children and, in some cases, whole families. These services have been developed in different ways around the globe. However, the fundamentals are constant: the early detection, correction, prevention, or amelioration of disease, disability, and abuse from which school-aged children can suffer. Some schools offer remote access to their classes over the internet. Online schools also can provide support to traditional schools, as in

8611-432: The higher the level of parents' income, the more likely the homeschooled child is able to achieve academic success, which is in alignment with the correlation between income and achievement for students at conventional schools. In one study of families with parents who had an average of 13 years of schooling, homeschooling was correlated with lower test scores, which was attributed to the relatively lower educational status of

8720-432: The inquisitiveness and interests of the child. In a unit study approach, multiple subjects such as math, science, history, art, and geography, are studied in relation to a single topic. Unit studies are useful for teaching multiple grades simultaneously as the difficulty level can be adjusted for each student. An extended form of unit studies, Integrated Thematic Instruction utilizes one central theme integrated throughout

8829-403: The institution of school or in a virtual school outside a traditional school building, respectively. Schools are organized in several different organizational models , including departmental, small learning communities, academies, integrated, and schools-within-a-school. The word school derives from Greek σχολή ( scholē ), originally meaning "leisure" and also "that in which leisure

8938-456: The issue of school quality and funding. On the other hand, some groups promote homeschooling to enforce white supremacist ideals. An exposé of a Nazi homeschooling network in Ohio with over two thousand members led to no consequences or restrictions on the group due to lax regulatory requirements in the state. Homeschooling is usually conducted by a parent, tutor, or an online teacher, but

9047-580: The larger community. These schools are located in forests outside of the towns and villages, and the space used is solely for these schools. Once the students have arrived in the forest, they cannot leave until their training is complete. Visitors are prohibited from these areas. Instead of being separated by age, Bush schools are separated by gender. Women and girls cannot enter the boys' bush school territory and vice versa. Boys receive training in cultural crafts, fighting, hunting, and community laws among other subjects. Girls are trained in their own version of

9156-431: The latter occupying a more primary role in students' hierarchy of needs . [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO. Text taken from #CommitToEducation​ , 35, UNESCO . Homeschooling Before the introduction of compulsory school attendance laws, most childhood education was done by families and local communities. By

9265-543: The learner's standpoint, the knowledge that they receive is not intentional. Activities such as planting a garden, baking a cake or even talking to a technician at work about the installation of new software can be considered informal learning: the individual is completing a task with different intentions but ends up learning skills in the process. Children watching their tomato plants grow will not generate questions about photosynthesis but they will learn that their plants are growing with water and sunlight. This leads them to have

9374-408: The most advantages when being homeschooled, while those from white, well-off families scored overall worse than their public school peers, and suffered the greatest disadvantage in math. This is notable as being the only study of homeschooling outcomes with a complete data set of all known homeschool children in a given population, which does not rely on volunteered information. However, the existence of

9483-613: The names of the various levels of education within the country. In the United Kingdom, the term school refers primarily to pre- university institutions, and these can, for the most part, be divided into pre-schools or nursery schools , primary schools (sometimes further divided into infant school and junior school ), and secondary schools . Various types of secondary schools in England and Wales include grammar schools , comprehensives , secondary moderns , and city academies . While they may have different names in Scotland, there

9592-410: The necessary skills, and the child's role as being responsible for asking and learning. Another prominent proponent of unschooling is John Taylor Gatto , author of Dumbing Us Down , The Exhausted School , A Different Kind of Teacher , and Weapons of Mass Instruction . Gatto argues that public education is the primary tool of "state-controlled consciousness" and serves as a prime illustration of

9701-583: The number went from under twenty thousand in the 1970s, to nearly 500,000 by the end of the 1980s. Homeschooling is heavily restricted in Germany. The history of public schooling dates back to the time of Martin Luther , who called on the government to provide schooling to both boys and girls in To the Councilmen of all Cities in Germany ( An die Ratsherren aller Städte deutschen Landes ), so that they might read

9810-460: The opinion that certain temperaments are promoted in school, while others are inhibited which may also be a reason to homeschool their children. Many parents also homeschool their children and return their child into the school system later on, for example because they think that their child is too young or not yet ready to start school. Some parents have objections to the secular nature of public schools and homeschool in order to give their children

9919-428: The parents in the sample group; meanwhile, in studies with highly educated parents, homeschooling for longer periods of time, on average, had no effect, positive or negative. A study which collected all homeschooling outcomes in Alaska (a state where homeschooling is extremely popular due to government financial incentives and support) found that low income students, students of color, and students with disabilities gained

10028-423: The primary level. According to Traditions and Encounters , the founding of the primary education system began in 425 AD and "...  military personnel usually had at least a primary education ...". The sometimes efficient and often large government of the Empire meant that educated citizens were a must. Although Byzantium lost much of the grandeur of Roman culture and extravagance in the process of surviving,

10137-632: The proportion dropped to just over 1 in 3. In a survey of adults homeschooled in Christian households, over half of respondents characterized their family as fundamentalist, and over 80% reported being taught Young Earth creationism as part of their science education. Homeschooling parents tend, in general, to lean more conservative than the general population. In Asia, the majority of homeschoolers cited religion - Christianity , Confucianism , or Islam - as their primary reason for homeschooling. Some African-American families choose to homeschool as

10246-474: The public school system and were the main demographic that organized to promote home education in the United States. Prominent Evangelical pastor and activist Jerry Falwell expressed horror that sex education and lessons on evolution had replaced prayer and Bible study in schools . This movement embraced research conducted by other religious parents that advocated for homeschooling such as Raymond and Dorothy Moore. Another influential figure associated with

10355-533: The rise of the homeschooling movement was John Holt . Holt believed that informal education was better than compulsory education and expressed these views in his books How Children Fail and How Children Learn . Holt advocated for unschooling , where children learn without any formalized curriculum or expectations. As homeschooling caught on in the Evangelical movement, the number of children being homeschooled increased massively, with some estimates suggesting

10464-461: The same as in-person, with the same curriculum. The instructor offers the syllabus with their fixed requirements like any other class. Students can virtually turn their assignments in to their instructors according to deadlines. This being through via email or on the course webpage. This allows students to work at their own pace yet meet the correct deadlines. Students taking an online class have more flexibility in their schedules to take their classes at

10573-681: The school for funding; however, sometimes such schools also receive government support (for example, through School vouchers ). Many private schools are affiliated with a particular religion; these are known as parochial schools . Schools are organized spaces purposed for teaching and learning. The classrooms where teachers teach and students learn are of central importance. Classrooms may be specialized for certain subjects, such as laboratory classrooms for science education and workshops for industrial arts education. Typical schools have many other rooms and areas, which may include: Educational architecture, school architecture or school building design

10682-476: The school was integrated into the national technical university system. The school offers programs in metalworking , interior decorating , visual communications , sculpture , painting , et cetera. 4°19′15″S 15°17′36″E  /  4.3208614°S 15.2931968°E  / -4.3208614; 15.2931968 School A school is both the educational institution and building designed to provide learning spaces and learning environments for

10791-501: The stigma of being "soft" or "spoiling" toward students. Forms of discipline, such as control over when students may speak, and normalized behaviour, such as raising a hand to speak, are imposed in the name of greater efficiency. Practitioners of critical pedagogy maintain that such disciplinary measures have no positive effect on student learning. Indeed, some argue that disciplinary practices detract from learning, saying that they undermine students' dignity and sense of self-worth  –

10900-422: The student in his/her independent learning. However, a student must not start their autonomous learning completely on their own. It is said that first having interaction with someone who has more knowledge in a subject will speed up the student's learning and allow them to learn more independently. Some degree of autonomous learning is popular with those who home educate their children. In true autonomous learning,

11009-476: The studies available, a 2022 review found it was unable to offer firm conclusions because of these issues, but did not find systematic evidence of poor educational or social outcomes. Another survey of studies related to homeschooling found that, controlling for demographic bias, homeschoolers were generally on par with non-homeschoolers, with a slight advantage in reading and writing, and a slight disadvantage in math. A study conducted by Ray in 2010 indicates that

11118-423: The technical purposes, they include "degrees" of the education they provide out of three available: the first – primary, the second – unaccomplished secondary, and the third – accomplished secondary. Usually, the first two degrees of education (eight years) are always included. In contrast, the last one (two years) permits the students to pursue vocational or specialized educations. In North America,

11227-401: The term school can refer to any educational institution at any level and covers all of the following: preschool (for toddlers ), kindergarten , elementary school , middle school (also called intermediate school or junior high school, depending on specific age groups and geographic region), high school (or in some cases senior high school), college, university, and graduate school . In

11336-501: The term school refers primarily to pre-university institutions. In ancient India, schools were in the form of Gurukuls . Gurukuls were traditional Hindu residential learning schools, typically the teacher's house or a monastery. Schools today are commonly known by the Sanskrit terms Vidyashram , Vidyalayam , Vidya Mandir , Vidya Bhavan in India. In southern languages, it is known as Pallikoodam or PaadaSaalai . During

11445-457: The term school usually applies to primary education , with primary schools that last between four and nine years, depending on the country. It also applies to secondary education , with secondary schools often divided between Gymnasiums and vocational schools , which again, depending on country and type of school, educate students for between three and six years. In Germany, students graduating from Grundschule are not allowed to progress into

11554-457: Was an increase of 20% from a survey five years previously. Thirty-four percent had felt depressed at some point in the past three months, 13 percent had been diagnosed with a mental health condition such as an anxiety disorder or depression, and 9 percent had seriously considered suicide. Schools and their teachers have always been under pressure – for instance, pressure to cover the curriculum, perform well compared to other schools, and avoid

11663-462: Was another culture that developed a school system in the modern sense of the word. Emphasis was put on knowledge, which required a systematic way of teaching and spreading knowledge and purpose-built structures. At first, mosques combined religious performance and learning activities. However, by the 9th century, the madrassa was introduced, a school that was built independently from the mosque, such as al-Qarawiyyin , founded in 859 CE. They were also

11772-512: Was highly successful in influencing the legal status of homeschooling in the United States. In the 1980s, homeschooling was illegal throughout much of the United States for parents who were not themselves trained educators. Today, the United States enjoys some of the most lax laws around homeschool in the world, with most states requiring little to no oversight for homeschooling and no educational requirements for parents. Conservative Evangelical Christian parents were increasingly dissatisfied with

11881-517: Was targeted primarily at those who needed to educate their children at home due to ill health, and many of their materials were dispatched to hospitals. 1940 brought the advent of remote education by telephone. In the 1960s, Rousas John Rushdoony began to advocate homeschooling, which he saw as a way to combat the increasingly secular nature of the public school system in the United States. He vigorously attacked progressive school reformers such as Horace Mann and John Dewey , and argued for

#986013