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27-529: Kirkus Reviews is an American book review magazine founded in 1933 by Virginia Kirkus . The magazine's publisher, Kirkus Media , is headquartered in New York City . Kirkus Reviews confers the annual Kirkus Prize to authors of fiction , nonfiction , and young readers' literature . Kirkus Reviews , published on the first and 15th of each month, previews books before their publication. Kirkus reviews over 10,000 titles per year. Virginia Kirkus

54-486: A bi-component of 28 journals. The two composing substructures of library and information science have remained visible in this representation." He also notes in a separate study of the Journal Citation Reports SCI and SSCI merger, that if a journal is potentially marginal in one context, the addition of the other "can provide interesting perspectives on its position in the field and its function in

81-634: A period. Social Sciences Citation Index The Social Sciences Citation Index ( SSCI ) is a commercial citation index product of Clarivate Analytics . It was originally developed by the Institute for Scientific Information from the Science Citation Index . The Social Sciences Citation Index is a multidisciplinary index which indexes over 3,400 journals across 58 social science disciplines – 1985 to present, and it has 122 million cited references – 1900 to present. It also includes

108-612: A range of 3,500 selected items from some of the world's finest scientific and technical journals. It has a range of useful search functions such as 'cited reference searching', searching by author, subject, or title. Whilst the Social Sciences Citation Index provides extensive support in bibliographic analytics and research, a number of academic scholars have expressed criticisms relating to ideological bias and its English-dominant publishing nature. The SSCI citation database covers some 3,400 academic journals in

135-480: A summary review, or a scholarly view. Books can be reviewed for printed periodicals, magazines, and newspapers, as school work, or for book websites on the Internet. A book review's length may vary from a single paragraph to a substantial essay . Such a review may evaluate the book based on personal taste. Reviewers may use the occasion of a book review for an extended essay that can be closely or loosely related to

162-570: Is well established that social democratic sensibilities dominate the social sciences and humanities." They concluded the Social Science Citation Index has quite a clear ideological bias towards 'Social Democratic' articles, however the opposite could be argued due to the lopsided number of social democratic journals. Citation count in academic work is commonly associated with quality of research whilst some researchers suggest it merely reflects influence and visibility within

189-406: The Institute for Scientific Information and subsequently owned by Clarivate in 2017. Philip Altbach has criticized the Social Sciences Citation Index of favoring English-language journals generally and American journals specifically, while greatly under-representing journals in non-English languages. Academics such as June Yichun Liu have expressed similar criticisms stating only two percent of

216-513: The social sciences across more than 50 disciplines . It is made available online through the Web of Science service for a fee. The database records which articles are cited by other articles and aids in many bibliographic analytics. The Master Journal List provides users with the ability to search for journals that have been indexed through a simple user interface that allows users to search by author, title or citation. The Social Science Citation Index

243-527: The SSCI academic publications come from developing nations thereby creating an artificial importance in countries such as Taiwan. This artificial importance in Taiwan deems all scholarly work published in the SSCI as canonical and most other work immaterial thus affecting scholarships and funding of other scholarly research. Liu suggests this will have some influence in research undertaken by scholars vastly affecting

270-404: The Social Science Citation Index is classed as a potential hazardous outcome by several scholars such as Eric Chiang and Daniel Klein . Aspects of the Social Science Citation Index have been rigorously studied for Ideological bias, with evidence being found, however not conclusive. During the year 2003, using a criterion of consistency and outspokenness, Chiang and Klein analysed under a quarter of

297-593: The United States was listed as the address in over half the indexed articles within the SSCI, however they note the number of academics publishing Social Science research is perhaps the determining variable. This suggests the English-dominant nature of the SSCI affects the number of Non-English articles and also their impact factor . Comparing Turkish articles average citations with other non-English countries, Olpak and Arican found Turkey's average count

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324-399: The aforementioned academics, there are opposing views on different aspects of the SSCI. Drawing a stark contrast to the social science subset, the field of information science has been stabilized under the subset labelled ' library and information science ' over the course of the past two decades. He notes "The relevant set of journals is visible in 2001 both as a factor with 35 journals and as

351-401: The available 1,768 articles published for ideological bias. They clarified their criterion of consistency and outspokenness for republican articles as "an organization is orientated toward a particular ideology if, relative to the norm, it dwells on, expresses, or espouses the sensibilities of that ideology". They do, however, discuss the importance of the benchmark of the 'norm' as they note "it

378-540: The book author can choose whether or not to publish on the Kirkus website, and if published may also be published in the magazine or email newsletter based on Kirkus editor discretion. In 2014, Kirkus Reviews started the Kirkus Prize , bestowing $ 50,000 prizes annually to authors of fiction, nonfiction, and young readers' literature. Book review A book review may be a primary source , an opinion piece,

405-434: The book review" for his work, Bibliotheca . Academic book reviews are both a form of academic service and a contribution to the academic literature. They are frequently published as a section or part of academic journals. They help the profession understand what has been happening in their profession, and work on the emerging intellectual challenges of their field. However, not all academics are incentivized to take on

432-605: The boundaries of economics is less likely to be published in prominent journals thereby inappropriately evaluating scholarly productivity relative to the orientation of the discipline. It is also worth noting upon analysing the Journal Citation reports analytics relating to the Social Science Citation Index and Science Citation Index , Loet Leydesdorff expressed difficulty in analysis correlations between disciplines in social sciences in comparison with natural sciences for numerous reasons including methodology. Loet expresses

459-585: The end of 2009, the company announced the end of operations for Kirkus . The journal was purchased from VNU (by then renamed The Nielsen Company , or Nielson N.V.) on February 10, 2010, by businessman Herbert Simon . Terms were not disclosed. The company was thereafter renamed Kirkus Media, and book industry veteran Marc Winkelman was made publisher. Kirkus Reviews has a traditional program of reviewing that does not require payment for reviews. Kirkus Reviews also offers an Indie program that allows book authors to purchase, but not modify or influence, reviews that

486-421: The following regarding methodology, "Unlike the natural and life sciences, the social sciences often construct their subject matter both in terms of 'what' they study and in terms of 'how' the subject under study is to be analyzed." Leydesdorff also noted the developments in specialty clusters are small, recognition on an international scale is limited but also volatile. Whilst there are some criticisms drawn from

513-453: The network." Implemented within the library and information science is institutional repositories ; however, this is the only subset in which they are listed which has practical implications for academics as noted by Yi-Ping Liao and Tsu-Jui Ma. It is not, however, without its solutions, if implemented in other subsets of the SSCI, Liao and Ma suggest this will help further academic research in future. The potential for ideological bias within

540-541: The service was receiving hundreds of books weekly and reviewing about 100. Initially titled Bulletin by Kirkus' Bookshop Service from 1933 to 1954, the title was changed to Bulletin from Virginia Kirkus' Service from January 1, 1955, issue onwards, and successively shortened to Virginia Kirkus' Service with the December 15, 1964, issue, and Kirkus Service in 1967, before it attained its current title, Kirkus Reviews , with January 1, 1969, issue. In 1985, Anne Larsen

567-565: The subject of the book, or to promulgate their ideas on the topic of a fiction or non-fiction work. Some journals are devoted to book reviews, and reviews are indexed in databases such as the Book Review Index and Kirkus Reviews ; but many more book reviews can be found in newspaper and scholarly databases such as Arts and Humanities Citation Index , Social Sciences Citation Index , and discipline-specific databases. Photios I of Constantinople has been called "the inventor of

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594-531: The types of subjects of research, ultimately limiting the scope of academic work. Similar to criticisms leveled by Liu and Altbach, Yusuf Ziya Olpak and Muhammet Arican found that only 2.138% of the total SSCI indexed articles published expressed a variable related to Turkey such as research area or authors address. They also found only three articles as highly cited (0.707%) suggesting a poor representation of Turkish academic literature and Turkish-addressed articles. In contrast to minute representation, they found that

621-428: The work required in a book review, because they are often not rewarded for that work. Book reviews can be used to predict which monographs are likely to have subsequent citations. Newspaper reviews became prominent in the 18h century, as a form of reader responses. In academic criticism, popular book reviews in newspapers and magazine reviews are often used to evaluate the relative audience and impact of books during

648-465: Was 6.653, Taiwan's was 17.35, Germany was 17.29 and Spain was 12.77. Olpak and Arican suggest this is due to some of the 272 journal articles listed being removed. Another set of criticisms launched at the SSCI was authored by John B. Davis. He concluded that "one should only apply the impact-adjusted rankings using SSCI data with considerable caution when evaluating scholarly productivity of individuals and departments." He also noted research approaching

675-665: Was brought on as fiction editor, soon to become editor, remaining the editorial head of Kirkus until 2006 and modifying the review format and style for improved readability, concision, accuracy, and impact. Kirkus Reviews was sold to The New York Review of Books in 1970 and subsequently sold by the Review to Barbara Bader and Josh Rubins, who served also as the publication's editors. In 1985, magazine consultant James B. Kobak acquired Kirkus Reviews . David LeBreton bought Kirkus from Kobak in 1993. BPI Communications , owned by Dutch publisher VNU , bought Kirkus from LeBreton in 1999. At

702-580: Was conceptualized in 1961 when the founder of the Institute for Scientific Information , Eugene Garfield , received funding from the United States National Institutes of Health . He received this funding in order to produce a comprehensive index of Genetics literature, also known as Genetics Citation Index, although this later became known as the Science Citation Index. The SSCI was then established in 1972 by

729-453: Was hired by Harper & Brothers to establish a children's book department in 1926. In 1932, the department was eliminated as an economic measure. However, within a year, Louise Raymond, the secretary Kirkus hired, had the department running again. Kirkus, however, had left and soon established her own book review service. Initially, she arranged to get galley proofs of "20 or so" books in advance of their publication; almost 80 years later,

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