The Early Cretaceous ( geochronological name) or the Lower Cretaceous ( chronostratigraphic name) is the earlier or lower of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous . It is usually considered to stretch from 145 Ma to 100.5 Ma.
13-525: The Kuwajima Formation is an Early Cretaceous geologic formation in Japan . Its precise age is uncertain due to a lack of identifying fossils, and it was previously considered likely Valanginian to Hauterivian in age. However, it is now considered to probably be Barremian in age. Dinosaurs and other vertebrates has been recovered from the Kaseki-kabe "Fossil-bluff" locality in the uppermost part of
26-651: Is by far the largest LIP in Earth's history. The Ontong Java Plateau today covers an area of 1,860,000 km . In the Indian Ocean another LIP began to form at c. 120 Ma, the Kerguelen Plateau – Broken Ridge , together covering 2,300,000 km . Another LIP on the Liaodong Peninsula , China, c. 131–117 Ma, lasted for 10 million years. It was the result of the subduction of
39-642: Is divided into three ages, which correspond with the three (faunal) stages of Upper Jurassic rock: During the Late Jurassic Epoch, Pangaea broke up into two supercontinents , Laurasia to the north, and Gondwana to the south. The result of this break-up was the spawning of the Atlantic Ocean . However, at this time, the Atlantic Ocean was relatively narrow. This epoch is well known for many famous types of dinosaurs , such as
52-660: The Canada Basin in the Arctic Ocean. With the opening of the Labrador Sea , Greenland became a separate tectonic plate and Laurentia became North America . The Proto-Caribbean Sea continued to grow and the Paraná-Etendeka LIP began to break Africa into three pieces. The Falkland Plateau broke off from southern Africa at 132 Ma and Madagascar ceased to move independently c. 120 Ma. In
65-811: The Kula and Pacific plates, which was probably caused by a superplume . During the opening of the South Atlantic the Paraná–Etendeka LIP produced 1.5 million km of basalts and rhyolites , beginning 133 Ma and lasting for a million years. The opening of the Central Atlantic continued as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge spread north to separate the Iberian Peninsula from the banks of Newfoundland and to connect to
78-666: The Late Jurassic continued to persist. Angiosperms (flowering plants) appeared for the first time during the Early Cretaceous; Archaefructaceae , one of the oldest fossil families (124.6 Ma) was found in the Yixian Formation , China. This time also saw the evolution of the first members of the Neornithes (modern birds). Sinodelphys , a 125 Ma-old boreosphenidan mammal found in
91-804: The Panthalassic Ocean the Pacific Plate continued to grow; the Arctic Alaska-Chukotka terrane formed the Bering Strait. Continued rifting opened new basins in the Indian Ocean, separating India, Antarctica, and Australia. By 110 Ma the Mid-Atlantic Ridge reached south into the Proto-Caribbean and South Atlantic, effectively separating South America from Africa, and continued rifting in
104-620: The Prudhoe Bay Oil Field has been interpreted as being sourced from the Triassic Shublik Formation shale and carbonate, Lower Cretaceous highly radioactive zone shale, and Lower Jurassic Kingak Shale . [REDACTED] Geology portal [REDACTED] Palaeontology portal Late Jurassic The Late Jurassic is the third epoch of the Jurassic Period, and it spans
117-512: The geologic time from 161.5 ± 1.0 to 145.0 ± 0.8 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic strata . In European lithostratigraphy , the name " Malm " indicates rocks of Late Jurassic age. In the past, Malm was also used to indicate the unit of geological time, but this usage is now discouraged to make a clear distinction between lithostratigraphic and geochronologic/chronostratigraphic units. The Late Jurassic
130-577: The Yixian Formation, China, is one of the oldest mammal fossils found. The fossil location indicates early mammals began to diversify from Asia during the Early Cretaceous. Sinodelphys was more closely related to metatherians (marsupials) than eutherians (placentals) and had feet adapted for climbing trees. Steropodon is the oldest monotreme (egg-lying mammal) discovered. It lived in Gondwana (now Australia) at 105 Ma. Oil in
143-471: The defining early Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a (OAE1a) was carbon isotope dated to 123.1±0.3 Ma, limiting the possible range for the boundary to c. 122–121 Ma. There is a possible link between this anoxic event and a series of Early Cretaceous large igneous provinces (LIP). The Ontong Java - Manihiki - Hikurangi large igneous province, emplaced in the South Pacific at c. 120 Ma,
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#1732791628896156-612: The formation. The multituberculate mammals Hakusanobaatar matsuoi and Tedoribaatar reini are known from the Kuwajima Formation. A member of Tritylodontidae , Montirictus kuwajimaensis , has also been recovered from the unit. Early Cretaceous Proposals for the exact age of the Barremian–Aptian boundary ranged from 126 to 117 Ma until recently (as of 2019), but based on drillholes in Svalbard
169-610: The northern end completed the longitudinal extent of the Atlantic. In Panthalassa the Ontong-Java Mega-LIP resulted in the formation of new tectonic plates and in the Indian Ocean the Kerguelen LIP began to push India northward. During this time many new types of dinosaur appeared or came into prominence, including ceratopsians , spinosaurids , carcharodontosaurids and coelurosaurs , while survivors from
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