Kulango is a Niger–Congo language spoken in Ivory Coast and across the border in Ghana . It is one of the Kulango languages , and it may be classified as a Gur language . There are two principal varieties distinct enough to be considered separate languages: the Kulango of Bondoukou (Bonduku), also known as Goutougo locally, and that of Bouna (Buna). Ethnologue reports that Bouna-dialect speakers understand Bondoukou, but not the reverse. Bouna, in addition, has the subdialects Sekwa and Nabanj . In Ghana, the principal towns in which the language is spoken are Badu and Seikwa , both in the Tain District , and Buni in the Jaman North district , all in the Bono region of Ghana. In addition, there are smaller towns and villages closer to Wenchi in the Bono region and Techiman in the Bono East region where this language is spoken. Among these are Asubingya (Asubinja) and Nkonsia. The Koulango are matrilineal like the Akans and possess similar cultural practices.
11-528: Writing by Francis Kofi Mensah from Badu Tain District Bono Region Ghana. Variations of the name 'Kulango' include Koulango, Kolango, Kulange, Nkorang, Nkurange, Nkoramfo, Nkuraeng, and Kulamo ; alternative names are Lorhon, Ngwela, and Babé. This article about Gur languages is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Gur languages The Gur languages , also known as Central Gur or Mabia , belong to
22-448: A dialect of Dagbani), and Talni . Sample basic vocabulary of Gur languages: Note : In table cells with slashes, the singular form is given before the slash, while the plural form follows the slash. Comparison of numerals in individual languages: The Goulsse Alphabet was invented in 2022 as a native script for the Gur languages Adams Bodomo Adams B. Bodomo (born 1959)
33-568: A separate branch of Atlantic–Congo , while other non-Central Gur languages are placed somewhat closer as separate branches within the Savannas continuum . Kleinewillinghöfer (2014) notes that the closest relatives of Gur appear to be several branches of the obsolete Adamawa family, since many "Adamawa" languages in fact share more similarities with various (Central) Gur languages than with other Adamawa languages. He proposes that early Gur-Adamawa speakers had cultivated guinea corn and millet in
44-536: A wooded savanna environment. The regions on the map denote regional distribution of the Central Gur languages. The tree-diagram below denotes the relations between these languages and their closest relatives: The position of Dogoso–Khe in Southern Gur is not clear; it is not closely related to other members of the branch. Bodomo (2017) refers to the entire Central Gur group as Mabia . The term Mabia
55-630: Is a Ghanaian and Austrian Professor of African Linguistics and Literatures at the University of Vienna since 2013 with a research focus on Africa–China Studies and Linguistics. In 1988 he received a Master of Arts degree in linguistics from the University of Ghana and in 1997 a Ph.D. ( Doctor Artium ) in Linguistics/African Studies from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) on
66-736: Is a portmanteau of the two lexical innovations ma - 'mother' + bia 'child'. The following is a classification of the Mabia (or Central Gur) languages from Bodomo (2017), as cited in Bodomo (2020). Bodomo divides Mabia into three primary branches, namely West, East, and Central. The term Mabia , instead of Gur , is also used by Naden (2021). Naden (2021) lists the languages of the Southern/Eastern Mabia group as Dagbani , Hanga , Kantoosi , Kamara , Kusaal (Kusasi) , Mampruli (Mamprusi) , Nabit , Nanun/Nanuni (also considered
77-625: The Niger–Congo languages . They are spoken in the Sahelian and savanna regions of West Africa , namely: in most areas of Burkina Faso , and in south-central Mali , northeastern Ivory Coast , the northern halves of Ghana and Togo , northwestern Benin , and southwestern Niger . A few Gur languages are spoken in Nigeria . Additionally, a single Gur language, Baatonum , is spoken in Benin and in
88-448: The ancestor of Gur languages probably had a noun class system; many of today's languages have reduced this to a system of nominal genders or declensions or no longer have a class system. A common property of Gur languages is the verbal aspect marking. Almost all Gur languages are tonal , with Koromfé being a notable exception. The tonal systems of Gur languages are rather divergent. Most Gur languages have been described as following
99-851: The extreme northwest of Nigeria. Three other single Gur languages, the Tusya , Vyemo and Tiefo languages , are spoken in Burkina Faso. Another unclassified Gur language, Miyobe , is spoken in Benin and Togo. In addition, Kulango , Loma and Lorhon , are spoken in Ghana, Ivory Coast and Burkina Faso. Additionally, a few Mossi speakers are in Senegal , and speakers of the Dagaare language are also found in Cameroon . The Samu languages of Burkina Faso are Gur languages. Like most Niger–Congo languages,
110-455: The model of a two tone downstep system, but the languages of Oti-Volta branch and some others have three phonemic tones. Sigismund Wilhelm Koelle first mentions twelve Gur languages in his 1854 Polyglotta Africana , which represent ten languages in modern classification. Notably, he correctly identified these languages as being related to one another; his 'North-Eastern High Sudan' corresponds to Gur in modern classification. The Gur family
121-565: Was previously called Voltaic , following the French name (langues) Voltaïques (named after the Volta River ). It was once considered to be more extensive than it is often regarded today, including the Senufo languages and a number of small language isolates. The inclusion of Senufo within Gur has been rejected by many linguists, including Tony Naden . Williamson and Blench place Senufo as
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