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22-616: The Kursk Front was a front of the Red Army during the Second World War . It was set up on March 23, 1943, following a Stavka directive of March 19 by re-purposing the command cadre of Reserve Front to defend the westernmost sector of the Kursk Salient. It consisted of 38th Army , 60th Army , and 15th Air Army , with another field army to be assigned, probably either the 63rd or 66th . Col. Gen. M.A. Reiter

44-617: A single district formed a single front at the start of the hostilities, or when hostilities were anticipated. Some military districts could not form a front. Fronts were also formed during the Polish-Soviet War of 1920. The main fronts during the Russian Civil War and Polish-Soviet War were : Army groups differ from fronts in that a Soviet front typically had its own army-sized tactical fixed-wing aviation organization. According to Soviet military doctrine ,

66-589: A specific operation, after which it could be reformed and tasked with another operation (including a change of the Front's designation) or it could be disbanded - with its formations dispersed among the other active Fronts and its HQ reintegrated into its original Military District HQ. Soviet and Russian military doctrine calls the different levels in the command chain (including the Fronts) "Organs of Military Control" ( Russian : Органы военного управления ). In 1979 in

88-539: The Stalingrad Front (24.6.41. – 26.8.41.) Moscow Military District (25.6.41. – 28.7.41.) Dmitry Ryabyshev , Yakov Cherevichenko , Rodion Malinovsky (14.7.41. – 29.7.41.) ( NKVD ) (18 – 30.7.41.) ( NKVD ) (26.7.41. – 25.8.41.) Mikhail Yefremov Stavka In Imperial Russia Stavka referred to the administrative staff , and to the General Headquarters in

110-404: The air army was directly subordinated to the front commander (typically a ground commander). The reform of 1935 established that in case of a war the peacetime military districts on the border would split upon mobilisation each into a Front Command (taking control of the district's peacetime military formations) and a Military District Command (which stayed behind with the mission of mobilising

132-667: The Red Army in World War II . Soviet fronts in the European Theatre during the Second World War from 1941 to 1945: (time period) (22.6.41. – 20.11.43.) Pyotr Sobennikov , Pavel Kurochkin , Semyon Timoshenko , Ivan Konev (22.6.41. – 15.4.44.) Andrey Yeryomenko , Semyon Timoshenko , Ivan Konev , Georgy Zhukov , Vasily Sokolovsky , Ivan Chernyakhovsky (21.6.41. – 12.7.42.) Semyon Timoshenko , Fyodor Kostenko Southern Front and

154-613: The Soviet Troops in the Far East ( Russian : Главное командование советских войск на Дальнем Востоке ). Existed between 30 July and 17 December 1945 under the command of Marshal of the Soviet Union Aleksandr Vasilevsky . It commanded the: The degree of change in the structure and performance of individual fronts can only be understood when seen in the context of the strategic operations of

176-765: The Troops of the Western Direction ( Russian : Главное командование войск Западного направления ). Existed between 10 July and 10 September 1941 under the command of Marshal of the Soviet Union Semyon Timoshenko . It commanded the: Main Command of the Troops of the South-Western Direction ( Russian : Главное командование войск Юго-Западного направления ). Existed between 10 July 1941 and 21 June 1942 under

198-601: The USSR" ( Stavka Glavnogo Komandovaniya ) (Russian: Ставка Главного Командования Вооруженных Сил Союза ССР ), was established on 23 June 1941 by a top-secret decree signed by Joseph Stalin in his capacities both as the head of government and as the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union . According to this decree, Stavka was composed of the defence minister Marshal Semyon Timoshenko (as its president),

220-615: The command of initially Marshal of the Soviet Union Semyon Budyonny , since September 1941 of Marshal of the Soviet Union Semyon Timoshenko . It commanded the: Main Command of the Troops of the North Caucasus Direction ( Russian : Главное командование войск Северо-Кавказского направления ). Existed between 21 April and 19 May 1942 under the command of Marshal of the Soviet Union Semyon Budyonny . It commanded the: Main Command of

242-548: The deputy defence minister of the army, Meretskov, was arrested following false charges made by Beria and Merkulov . Meretskov was subsequently released from jail on the same day, at the end of the first week of September 1941, which was called for by Stalin. Stavka's Main Command was reorganized into the Stavka of the Supreme Command ( Stavka Verkhovnogo Komandovaniya ) on 10 July 1941. This action occurred after Stalin

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264-611: The end of 1916 Romanian Front was established, which also included remnants of the Romanian army. In April 1917, Caucasus Front was established by the reorganization of the Caucasus Army . The Soviet fronts were first raised during the Russian Civil War . They were wartime organizations only, in the peacetime the fronts were normally disbanded and their armies organized back into military districts . Usually

286-785: The head of General Staff Georgy Zhukov , Stalin , Vyacheslav Molotov , Marshal Kliment Voroshilov , Marshal Semyon Budyonny and the People's Commissar ( Narkom ) of the Navy Admiral Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov . The same decree organized at Stavka "the institution of permanent counsellors of Stavka": Marshal Kulik , Marshal Shaposhnikov , Kirill Meretskov , head of the Air force Zhigarev , Nikolay Vatutin , head of Air Defence Voronov , Mikoyan , Kaganovich , Lavrenty Beria , Voznesensky , Zhdanov , Malenkov , Mekhlis . Very soon afterwards,

308-533: The late 19th-century Imperial Russian armed forces and subsequently in the Soviet Union . In Western literature it is sometimes written in uppercase ( STAVKA ), although it is not an acronym. Stavka may refer to its members, as well as to the headquarters location (its original meaning from the old Russian word ставка , 'tent'). The commander-in-chief of the Russian army at the beginning of World War I

330-578: The more general usage of military front , describing a geographic area in wartime. After the outbreak of the First World War , the Russian General Headquarters set up two Fronts: Northwestern Front , uniting forces deployed against German Empire , and Southwestern Front , uniting forces deployed against Austria-Hungary . In August 1915, Northwestern Front was split into Northern Front and Western Front . At

352-621: The reserve formations and putting them at the disposal of the Fronts as replacement troops). In that sense the Air Armies were under Air Force command in peacetime, but under the command of the Front HQs in wartime; and the Fronts were commanded by ground-forces generals. An entire Front might report either to the Stavka or to a theatre of military operations (TVD). A Front was mobilised for

374-703: The years of high confrontation between the countries of the Western liberal democracies and those of the Socialist Bloc the Main Commands of the Troops of a Strategic Directions were reinstated covertly: ( Russian : Главное командование войск Северо-Западного направления ). Existed between 10 July and 27 August 1941 under the command of Marshal of the Soviet Union Kliment Voroshilov . It commanded the: Main Command of

396-505: Was Grand Duke Nicholas Nicholaievitch , a grandson of Tsar Nicholas I . Appointed at the last minute in August 1914, he played no part in formulating the military plans in use at the beginning of the war. Nikolai Yanushkevich was his chief of staff . In the summer of 1915 the Tsar himself took personal command, with Mikhail Alekseyev as his chief of staff. In the years 1915–1917 Stavka

418-425: Was appointed to command, with Maj. Gen. I.Z. Susaikov as member of the military council and Lt. Gen. L.M. Sandalov as chief of staff. The new Front was very short lived. Another Stavka directive on March 24 transformed Kursk Front into the new Oryol Front , to be established by March 27. At the same time, 60th Army was transferred to Central Front , and 38th to Voronezh Front . Finally, on March 28, Oryol Front

440-706: Was based in Mogilev and the Tsar, Nicholas II, spent long periods there as Commander-in-Chief. The Stavka was divided into several departments: The Stavka was first established in Baranovichi . In August 1915, after the German advance, the Stavka re-located to Mogilev . The Stavka of the Soviet Armed Forces during World War II , or the headquarters of the "Main Command of the Armed Forces of

462-521: Was named Supreme Commander, and replaced Timoshenko as head of Stavka. On 8 August 1941 it was again reorganized into Stavka of the Supreme Main Command ( Stavka Verkhovnogo Glavnokomandovaniya ). On the same day Strategic Directions commands were instituted. A 17 February 1945 decree set out the membership of Stavka as Stalin (President), Zhukov, Aleksandr Vasilevsky , Aleksei Antonov , Nikolai Bulganin and Kuznetsov. The Stavka of

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484-678: Was ordered to be renamed as the new Bryansk Front . Front (Soviet Army) A front ( Russian : фронт , romanized :  front ) is a type of military formation that originated in the Russian Empire , and has been used by the Polish Army , the Red Army , the Soviet Army , and Turkey . It is roughly equivalent to an army group in the military of most other countries. It varies in size but in general contains three to five armies . It should not be confused with

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