46-514: HM Prison Pentridge , better known as Pentridge Prison , was an Australian prison established in 1851 in Coburg, Victoria . The first convicts arrived at the gaol in 1851. The facility closed on 1 May 1997, although some of the heritage-listed buildings still stand. Pentridge was often referred to as the "Bluestone College", "Coburg College" or "College of Knowledge". The grounds were originally landscaped by landscape gardener Hugh Linaker . The site
92-503: A Maronite Christian primary school. Australian International Academy (previously known as King Khalid Islamic College) is a private Islamic school providing primary and secondary education. Following a sustained local campaign, Coburg High School was reestablished in 2015 catering for years 7 to 12. There are other schools, including the Antonine College secondary school campus (7–12), and Mercy College for girls. The suburb
138-546: A Mr Hyatt had a sheep station and hut on the east bank of the Merri Creek, near present Outlook Road. Hoddle marked out a 327-acre (1.3 km ) village reserve with two roads for the district: Bell Street West and Pentridge Road, later called Sydney Road . In 1840, the village was named Pentridge by a surveyor called Henry Foot, who lived and worked near Merri Creek. It was named after the birthplace of Foot's wife: Pentridge , Dorset , England . Dr Farquhar McCrae,
184-488: A family burial. The identified remains of Kelly did not include most of his skull. DNA testing established that another complete skull believed to be Kelly's was not his. Ronald Ryan, the last man executed at Pentridge Prison, was also the last man to be executed in Australia . He was hanged in D Division at 8:00 am on 3 February 1967 after being convicted of shooting dead prison officer George Hodson during an escape from
230-469: A minimum and security to a maximum. The furnishings were sparse and prisoners exercised in aviary-like escape-proof yards. In 1983 four prisoners escaped from 'escape-proof' Jika Jika. When two prison officers were disciplined in relation to the Jika Jika escape, a week-long strike occurred. In 1987, inmates Robert Wright, Jimmy Loughnan, Arthur Gallagher, David McGauley and Ricky Morris from one side of
276-478: A small indoor market, several supermarkets such as Coles and Woolworths and discount stores such as Dimmeys , arranged around large, ground level car parks. In the 1990s, the Victoria Street pedestrian mall was revamped with native trees and bluestone paving and has become an extremely popular place for locals to congregate, enjoying the local cafes. While Coburg Shopping Centre is very busy during
322-484: A wealthy surgeon, purchased 600 acres (2.4 km ) in the area which he called Moreland. In 1841, he also bought land called 'La Rose' in what is now known as Pascoe Vale South . The house he built in 1842 or 1843 is now known as Wentworth House, and is the oldest known private dwelling in Victoria still standing on its original site and the fifth oldest building in Victoria. In 1842, the first inn, The Golden Fleece,
368-692: Is a branch of the Victorian Department of Transport and Planning . It is the regulator responsible for administering the Heritage Act 2017. The Heritage Act provides for the protection and conservation of the cultural heritage of Victoria and establishes the Victorian Heritage Register and Heritage Inventory. The Register is a list of places and objects which are of significance to the State of Victoria. The Inventory
414-555: Is a list of known historical archaeological sites. Both statutory lists can be searched via the Victorian Heritage Database. Heritage Victoria is responsible for the most important historic heritage sites in Victoria. This includes state significant heritage places, historical archaeological sites, and shipwrecks. Heritage Victoria's role includes: Protection of heritage buildings Statutory protection of Victoria's historic buildings commenced in 1974 with
460-639: Is designated one of 26 Principal Activity Centres in the Melbourne 2030 Metropolitan Strategy. Prior to European settlement, the area around Coburg and Merri Creek was occupied by the Woiwurrung speaking Wurundjeri people of the Kulin Nation . The Wurundjeri had a religious relationship to their land, participating in corroborees and sacred ceremonies on Merri Creek. Coburg was first surveyed by Robert Hoddle in 1837 – 1838, and he recorded that
506-717: Is home to the Coburg Lions Australian rules football club in the Victorian Football League ; the suburb also is home to two Essendon District Football League clubs – West Coburg FC and Northern Saints FC . Coburg also has basketball, cricket, tennis, baseball, swimming, table tennis, track cycling and soccer clubs. One of the oldest sporting clubs in the area is the Coburg Harriers Athletic Club, which has been established for over 100 years. Major features of
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#1732776476322552-418: Is partially owned by the developer, Future Estate. D Division is owned privately by Pentridge Cellars Pty Ltd. The prison was split into divisions, named using letters of the alphabet. In 2014, archaeological work in the former prison grounds led to the discovery of three rare panopticons (named after Jeremy Bentham 's prison design of 1791) located near the A and B Divisions that were built of bluestone in
598-600: Is reflected in many ways – through its local street and music festivals, variety of cafes, bakeries, restaurants and grocery shops stocking ingredients from around the world. The main commercial activity in Coburg is the precinct between Coburg railway station and Sydney Road. Coburg has a small shopping mall at the Pentridge Prison redevelopment, and also four shopping arcades on the west side of Sydney Road . Coburg's main commercial precinct comprises about 250 shops,
644-465: Is split into two parts. The northern part of the prison, referred to as the "Pentridge Coburg" or "Pentridge Piazza" site, is bordered by Champ Street, Pentridge Boulevard, Murray Road and Stockade Avenue. It is under development by the developer Shayher Group, who has owned the site since 2013. The southern part of the prison, referred to as the "Pentridge Village" site, is bordered by Pentridge Boulevard, Stockade Avenue, Wardens Walk and Urquhart Street. It
690-539: The 2016 census . 67.1% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were Italy 4.4%, Greece 2.6%, England 2.3%, Lebanon 2.2% and Nepal 1.9%. 65.3% of people spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Italian 6.8% , Greek 5.5%, Arabic 5.3%, Mandarin 2.0% and Nepali 1.9%. The most common responses for religion in Coburg were No Religion 46.8%, Catholic 22.6% and Eastern Orthodox 8.1%. The cultural diversity of Coburg
736-518: The 2021 census . Although most of Coburg is within the City of Merri-bek, a handful of properties on Elizabeth Street, Coburg's eastern boundary, are located in the City of Darebin. Coburg's boundaries are Gaffney Street and Murray Road in the north, Elizabeth Street and Merri Creek in the east, Moreland Road in the South and Melville Road, Devon Avenue, Sussex Street and West Street in the west. Coburg
782-574: The Bracks Labor Government , in 2012 the then Liberal State Government reopened Coburg High School on the site of the previously closed Moreland High. It is now a thriving 7-12 High School. In June 1994, the 72-year-old City of Coburg ceased to exist when it merged with the City of Brunswick to become the new City of Moreland (now City of Merri-bek ). In the 2021 census , there were 26,574 people in Coburg, an increase of 1.5% from
828-424: The Coburg railway station was built in 1888. In February 1889, the horse tram service began along Sydney Road. Electric trams started in service in 1916. By 1899, there were 6000 people in the district. Coburg was gazetted as a borough in 1905, with Thomas Greenwood becoming Coburg's first mayor. The Public Hall, built in 1869, was extended in 1909, but was still inadequate for the growing city. The new Town Hall
874-611: The Merri Creek Trail . The stations of Moreland and Coburg service the south of Coburg, while Batman and Merlynston service Coburg North . These stations are all located on the Upfield railway line . Three tram lines service Coburg: Coburg has a variety of primary and secondary educational facilities. There is a special developmental school, four government primary schools (Coburg North PS, Coburg PS, Coburg West PS, Moreland PS), three Catholic primary schools and
920-827: The National Trust of Australia . All were in private ownership or owned by local government. The Government Buildings Register was established in 1982 under the Government Buildings Advisory Council Act 1972 (Vic). This was a register of around 472 historic State government buildings. In 1995 with the commencement of the Heritage Act 1995 , the Historic Buildings Register and the Government Buildings Register were migrated to
966-421: The 1850s. The first uncovered and excavated was to the north of A division. The circular design, with walls coming out from the centre, created wedge shaped 'airing yards' where prisoners would be permitted access for one hour per day without coming into contact with each other. The panopticons fell out of use, due to prison overcrowding , and were largely demolished in the early 1900s. The panopticons were based on
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#17327764763221012-431: The 1996 Pentridge Conservation Management Plan (1996 CMP) prepared by Allom Lovell & Associates have been demolished with the approval of Heritage Victoria . The remaining heritage buildings and landmarks of significance, including A, B, D, E and H Divisions, B Annexe, Pentridge's iconic entrance, the administration building, the warden's quarters, the rock-breaking yards, the guard towers/posts (or observation posts) and
1058-541: The Office of Corrections ordered that the six main towers at Pentridge be closed, since most of the high-security prisoners from the gaol had been relocated to Barwon as part of the downgrading of Pentridge to a medium-security prison. The prison was finally closed in 1997 and sold by the State Government of Victoria. Since the site was closed, almost all of the buildings identified as being of no significance in
1104-601: The Pentridge Village site (Pentridge Village Masterplan). The National Trust has expressed strong concerns about the nature of these masterplans, which involves building high-density high-rise between the historic divisions. In 2016, Shayher Group revealed plans for a new "urban village" including up to 20 new buildings with community spaces and landscaped gardens as set out in the Pentridge Coburg Masterplan. Work has been undertaken to restore
1150-463: The Register with a Blue plaque . Heritage Victoria has been criticized in the past either for excessive restrictions on what private owners can do with registered places, While it has directly saved many buildings of heritage significance from demolition, it has also been criticised for failing to properly protect Victoria's Heritage. Several noteworthy buildings have been denied nominations to
1196-499: The Victorian Heritage Register and subsequently been demolished. Other listed buildings have been questioned for their heritage significance. Though it claims that it would do so only under "exceptional circumstances" it has also been criticised for approving demolition of buildings that it had listed including: However it has on numerous occasions demanded urgent repair orders and the reconstruction of illegally demolished buildings. It has also won awards for some of its work, such as
1242-729: The Victorian Heritage Register and will be retained and integrated into a new community precinct a mix of housing types, retail, public open space and open piazza as set out in the Pentridge Coburg Design Guidelines and Masterplan of February 2014 (Pentridge Coburg Masterplan). This document forms part of the Moreland Planning Scheme and was approved by The Hon. Matthew Guy , the Victorian Minister for Planning, between December 2010 and December 2014. A similar Masterplan exists for
1288-613: The Victorian Heritage Register, and the former registers were dissolved. Protection of historic archaeological sites Historical archaeology has been protected in Victoria since 1972, when the Archaeological and Aboriginal Relics Preservation Act 1972 commenced. The Victoria Archaeological Survey administered the Act until the early 1990s. The Heritage Act 1995 saw the responsibility for historical archaeology transferred to Heritage Victoria. Heritage Victoria marks some places on
1334-753: The area include the Sydney Road commercial area, the Merri-bek City Council civic centre precinct on Bell Street including the Coburg City Hall, La Rose house (Victoria's oldest known private dwelling), the John Fawkner Hospital on Moreland Road, and Lake Reserve on Merri Creek . The suburb's most famous landmark is HM Prison Pentridge , which has recently been redeveloped into a housing estate. Land prices have risen considerably since 2001, with The Grove long regarded
1380-402: The area. Quarrying of bluestone began in the area 1850s, and by 1875 there were 41 quarries in Coburg. In December 1850, 16 prisoners were moved from an overcrowded Melbourne Gaol to a stockade at Pentridge. Prisoners at what came to be called HM Prison Pentridge were immediately put on "hard labour" by breaking up bluestone for road surfaces. In 1867, a public meeting was called to change
1426-750: The boundaries of the prison that were established. The second phase of construction, undertaken in the late 1850s and early 1860s, was the construction of Inspector General William Champ's model prison complex, based on British and American precedents. In 1924, Pentridge replaced the Melbourne Gaol as the main remand and reception prison for the metropolitan area. In 1929, Melbourne Gaol was closed and its prisoners relocated to Pentridge. The Victorian Government confirmed its intention to close Pentridge and replace it with two new male prisons, each accommodating around 600 prisoners, in December 1993. In April 1995,
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1472-540: The change was made in March 1870. The post office opened on 1 August 1853, and the district was renamed Coburg in January 1870. Sydney Road attracted numerous hotels and commercial premises in the 1860s. Friendly societies soon formed: Manchester Unity (1863), Druids (1867), Rechabites (1868) and a St. Patrick's Society in (1870). Coburg later became a Shire in 1875. The Upfield railway line opened in 1884, and
1518-466: The day, its modest number of restaurants, cafes and bars means that it can be quiet in the evenings. The commercial strip of Sydney Road is continuous from Coburg's southern neighbour Brunswick , but it has a very different character, having so far remained ungentrified . Ten bus routes service Coburg: Cyclists have access to many on-road bike lanes as well as the Upfield Bike Path and
1564-401: The design concepts of British philosopher and social reformer Jeremy Bentham. The footings of the first panopticon that was excavated and uncovered is located to the north of A Division and remains relatively intact. The excavation and uncovering of the other two panopticons next to B Division only revealed the remains of its rubble footings. Jika Jika, opened in 1980 at a cost of A$ 7 million,
1610-537: The most prestigious street in the suburb. Coburg has a number of places of heritage significance listed on the Victorian Heritage Register : Coburg also has a number of places protected by Heritage Overlay controls in the Merri-bek planning scheme. ^ = territory divided with another LGA ^ = territory divided with another LGA Heritage Victoria Heritage Victoria
1656-455: The name of the district, as residents were stigmatised and embarrassed at living in a suburb principally known for its gaol, Pentridge Prison. Robert Mailer of Glencairn suggested that the suburb name be changed to Coburg, inspired by the impending visit to the colony of the Duke of Edinburgh , who was a member of the royal house of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha . The government agreed with the proposal and
1702-577: The passing of the Historic Buildings Act 1974 (Vic). This was the first law in Australia to recognise and protect privately owned heritage buildings. The Historic Buildings Act established the Historic Buildings Preservation Council as a statutory authority to administer the Act. In 1974 the Historic Buildings Register commenced when 370 buildings were gazetted, most of which were recommended by
1748-565: The present Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) building. Peter Norden, former prison chaplain at Pentridge Prison, has campaigned for the site's restoration. As of 2011, most of the bodies have been exhumed by archaeologists and have either been re-interred in the original cemetery near D Division, are awaiting identification at the Melbourne morgue, or have been returned to their families. In 2011, Ned Kelly's remains were again exhumed, and returned to his surviving descendants for
1794-458: The prison. Later that day, Ryan's body was buried in an unmarked grave within the D Division prison facility. Coburg, Victoria Coburg is an inner suburb in Melbourne , Victoria , Australia , 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Melbourne's Central Business District , located within the Cities of Darebin and Merri-bek local government areas . Coburg recorded a population of 26,574 at
1840-553: The roof of A Division, and seven guard towers. The H Division's rock-breaking yards were demolished. The grave site of bushranger Ned Kelly formerly lay within the walls of Pentridge Prison. Ronald Ryan's remains have been returned to his family. Kelly was executed by hanging at the Melbourne Gaol in 1880 and his remains moved to Pentridge Prison in 1929, after his skeleton was disturbed in April 1929, by workmen constructing
1886-505: The unit, and convicted Russell Street bomber Craig Minogue and three other inmates on the other side, sealed off their section doors with a tennis net. Mattresses and other bedding were then stacked against the doors and set on fire. Wright, Loughnan, Gallagher, McGauley and Morris died in the blaze. Minogue and the three others were evacuated and survived. In 1851, an ad hoc group of structures built by prison labour using local materials existed. None of these structures survived, other than
HM Prison Pentridge - Misplaced Pages Continue
1932-421: The wall surrounding the site have been retained and will undergo restoration works to ensure their stability and preservation into the future. The site as a whole is also classified as a place of state significance by the National Trust of Australia (Victoria) (National Trust). The National Trust has adopted the levels of significance identified in the 1996 CMP. A number of the heritage buildings are protected in
1978-656: Was a 'gaol within a gaol' maximum-security section, designed to house Victoria's hardest and longest-serving prisoners. It was awarded the 'Excellence in Concrete Award' by the Concrete Institute of Australia before being closed, eight years later, amidst controversy after the deaths of five prisoners in 1987. The design of Jika Jika was based on the idea of six separate units at the end of radiating spines. The unit comprised electronic doors, closed-circuit TV and remote locking, designed to keep staff costs to
2024-447: Was built and opened in 1923, with further extensions in 1928. Lake Reserve is a popular picnic spot on the Merri Creek. The land was purchased in 1912, and a weir was constructed in 1915, to form a lake contained by basaltic outcroppings. The reserve was immensely popular, with diving boards, wading pools, kiosk and gardens, and continues to be a favourite picnic spot, also accessed by the Merri Creek Trail . After World War I , there
2070-626: Was built on Sydney Road just north of Page Street. Twenty one farms were in the area by 1849. With the Victorian gold rush in the 1850s, the population of the area grew rapidly. In 1858, water mains from Yan Yean were connected and the first local paper, the Brunswick and Pentridge Press , was started. In 1859, the Pentridge District Road Board was formed to get roads built in the area, the start of local government for
2116-506: Was significant development east of Sydney Road, with the former East Coburg Primary School opening in 1926, and a Coburg East Post Office opening in 1929 (closing in 1975). A Coburg West Post Office opened in 1936 and closed in 1979. The Coburg Magistrates' Court closed on 1 February 1985. Coburg High School was closed in 1996 by Jeff Kennett , then Premier of Victoria . The site has been sold numerous times yet still sits empty. After considerable community activity, initially opposed by
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