U.S. Senator from Oregon
67-533: The Healthcare Quality Improvement Act of 1986 ( HCQIA ) of the United States was introduced by Congressman Ron Wyden from Oregon . ( Title 42 of the United States Code , Sections 11101 - 11152) It followed a federal antitrust suit by a surgeon against an Astoria hospital and members of its clinic in which he claimed antitrust actions were effected through the mechanism of peer review in
134-420: A famous speech : "The quality of mercy is not strain'd, It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven Upon the place beneath. It is twice blest: It blesseth him that gives and him that takes." (IV, i, 185). When Shylock refuses, she finally saves Antonio by pointing out that Shylock's agreement with him mentioned no blood, and therefore Shylock can have his pound of flesh only if he sheds no blood. Interpretations of
201-434: A federal level. The rising numbers of medical malpractice lawsuits during the preceding decade played a factor in the passage of the act. It was claimed that physicians with a history of malpractice suits could move easily from state to state with no mechanism of interstate reporting available. Consumer groups therefore lobbied extensively for passage in the name of patient safety. They claimed, supported by statistics from
268-542: A hearing on funding for gun violence research at the CDC and spoke with other Democratic senators and researchers supporting federal funding for investigation into gun violence prevention. At a March 2018 town hall, Wyden answered "Yes" when asked if he intended to pass bans on bump stocks and assault rifles. He expressed optimism about the chances of passing national gun legislation, noting that legislation passed in Florida in
335-411: A person can violate the spirit of the law and incur culpability, even without violating the letter of the law, and (3) the greatest culpability is assigned when both the letter and the spirit of the law are violated. William Shakespeare wrote numerous plays dealing with the letter-versus-spirit antithesis, almost always coming down on the side of "spirit", often forcing villains (who always sided with
402-567: A prominent advocate for privacy rights , internet freedom , and limiting government surveillance , positioning him as a defender of civil liberties . Ronald Wyden was born in Wichita, Kansas , the son of Edith (née Rosenow) and Peter H. Wyden (originally Weidenreich, 1923–1998), both of whom were Jewish and had fled Nazi Germany . He grew up in Palo Alto, California , where he played basketball for Palo Alto High School . He attended
469-451: A proposal for a change in a budget resolution, saying Congress not responding at a time of layoffs was "nothing short of government malpractice." The change was adopted without dissent. In May 2001, Wyden released a letter by Inspector General Kenneth M. Mead in which he stated that airlines had admitted to him that they deliberately delayed some evening flights to accommodate late-arriving passengers who would otherwise have had to wait until
536-519: A sect with an alternative interpretation of the Law. In the story, both the Priest and Levite follow their prescribed regulations dutifully, yet do not help the injured traveler, even crossing to the other side of the road to avoid possible rule violations. The Samaritan, whose very existence is based on a refutation of Jewish law, (specifically those post-Pentateuchal biblical books that identify Mount Moriah as
603-421: A small fraction of medical negligence was ever brought to a lawsuit. Several medical malpractice attorneys, such as Harvey Waschman in his text American Law of Medical Malpractice , asserted that most "malpractice lawsuits involve the type of slip-up that would be obvious to a first year medical student." The fact that only a very small number of lawsuits win on their merits (even when they are filed) suggested that
670-613: A spiritesque interpretative strategy, although one grounded in a spirit that reflects broad powers. Originalist or textualist scholars advocate a more letter-based approach, arguing that the Amendment process of the Constitution necessarily forecloses broader interpretations that can be accomplished by passing an amendment. The 1st century letter of Saint Paul to the Corinthians (specifically 2 Corinthians 3:6 ) refers to
737-700: Is an American politician serving as the senior United States senator from Oregon , a seat he has held since 1996 . A member of the Democratic Party , he served in the United States House of Representatives from 1981 until 1996. He is the dean of Oregon's congressional delegation and chairs the Senate Finance Committee. Known for his libertarian-leaning stances within the Democratic Party, Wyden has been
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#1732772245447804-604: Is my neighbor?", that follows in verse 29, is described as being asked with the goal of self-justification. It is then that Jesus responds with the story of a man beaten by robbers who is ignored by a Priest and a Levite, but then rescued and compassionately cared for by a Samaritan. Priests and Levites were Israelites whose qualifications and duties were very meticulously set forth in Mosaic law, (Leviticus 10, and Numbers 5-8) while Samaritans were descended from Israelites who had intermarried with their Babylonian captives and established
871-621: Is not an accurate description of all Pharisees. The argument over the "Spirit of the Law" vs. the "Letter of the Law" was part of early Jewish dialogue as well. The Parable of the Good Samaritan ( Luke 10:25–37 ) is one of the New Testament texts to address this theme. The passage concerns a dialogue between Jesus and an "expert in the law" or "lawyer". As described in verse 25 ("a certain lawyer stood up and tested Him saying, Teacher what must I do to inherit eternal life?," NKJV),
938-491: Is the essence of gaming the system, in which a gap in protocol allows for errant practices that lead to unintended results. Although the term generally carries negative connotations, gaming the system can be used for benign purposes in the undermining and dismantling of corrupt or oppressive organisations. During the COVID-19 pandemic , Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong urged Singaporeans to comply not just with
1005-835: The CIA . Wyden questioned the use of drones , saying, "what it comes down to is every American has the right to know when their government believes that it is allowed to kill them." Politico reported that Wyden's ascent to chair of the Senate Finance Committee would vault him into the ranks of the chamber's most influential. He has been praised for his ability to defuse partisan tensions and encourage bipartisan cooperation. In August 2016, in response to Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump 's refusal to disclose his tax returns, Wyden and Chris Murphy announced that they would press for consideration of Wyden's bill that if enacted would require major-party presidential nominees to disclose at least three years of tax returns and thereby authorize
1072-606: The Oregon Death with Dignity Act , first enacted in Oregon in 1997, each time it appeared on the ballot by voter referendum . Nevertheless, he successfully blocked congressional attempts to pass federal legislation to override Oregon's law. In 2000, Wyden blocked attempts in Congress to overturn the Oregon assisted-suicide law by threatening a filibuster . In 2001, he wrote to President George W. Bush urging him to not alter
1139-557: The University of California, Santa Barbara , on a basketball scholarship, and later transferred to Stanford University , where he majored in political science and received his Bachelor of Arts in 1971. He received a Juris Doctor degree from the University of Oregon School of Law in 1974, but has never been a member of the Oregon State Bar. While teaching gerontology at several Oregon universities, Wyden founded
1206-519: The "spirit" aspect. In contrast, the Democratic-Republicans , who favored a limited federal government, argued for the strict interpretation of the Constitution, arguing that the federal government was granted only those powers enumerated in the Constitution, and nothing not explicitly stated; they represented the "letter" interpretation. Modern constitutional interpretation divides on these lines. Living Constitution scholars advocate
1273-488: The 118th Congress are as follows: Wyden supports legal abortion . Almost every year, he has maintained a 100% rating or close to it with pro-choice groups: NARAL Pro-Choice America , Planned Parenthood , and National Family Planning and Reproductive Health Association, and a 0% rating or close to it from the National Right to Life Committee . Wyden personally opposes assisted suicide and said he voted against
1340-550: The Committee work on ‘red flag’ legislation and potentially also background checks, both actions" the senators supported. In late 1995, Wyden became the first U.S. Senate candidate (and then senator) to publicly support same-sex marriage . He was one of just 14 senators to vote against the Defense of Marriage Act in 1996. He has voted against the proposed Federal Marriage Amendment , which would have proposed an amendment to
1407-557: The Constitution to bar recognition of same-sex marriages. Despite undergoing tests in advance of prostate surgery scheduled two days later, Wyden appeared in the Senate chamber in December 2010 to vote for the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010 . Abuse of the system The letter of the law and the spirit of the law are two possible ways to regard rules or laws . To obey
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#17327722454471474-527: The FAA publicize information on the federal government's reason for not making safety data on the airlines more readily available to travelers. In late 1999, Wyden threatened a filibuster amid Senate debate over banning physician-assisted suicide . In May 2000, Wyden and Republican Representative Bill Thomas announced they would collaborate on an attempt to add prescription drug benefits to Medicare that year. In January 2001, Wyden and Chuck Schumer were
1541-751: The HCQIA. The AMA objected to the creation of a National Practitioner Databank (NPDB) unregulated by medical boards, claiming that the number of frivolous suits that would be reported would be misleading. It claimed that there was already a databank used by state medical boards that kept a record of physician disciplinary actions. It argued that the NPDB would be subjected to reporting of actions by non-peer reviewed committees. Their objection proved correct. In 1991 Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) required state medical boards to report "any negative action or finding" by "any peer review or accreditation entity," wresting
1608-521: The Hebrew word "Perushim" from which "Pharisee" is derived, actually means "separatists", referencing their focus on spiritual needs versus worldly pleasures. In the Gospels, Jesus is often shown as being critical of Pharisees. Not all Pharisees, nor all Jews of that time, were legalistic. Though modern language has used the word Pharisee in the pejorative to describe someone who is legalistic and rigid, it
1675-501: The Internet Nondiscrimination Act of 2006, legislation intended to prohibit network operators from charging companies "for faster delivery of their content to consumers over the internet or favoring certain content over others." He said a two-tier system "could have a chilling effect on small mom and pop businesses that can't afford the priority lane, leaving these smaller businesses no hope of competing against
1742-672: The Oregon chapter of the Gray Panthers , which he led from 1974 to 1980. He was also the director of the Oregon Legal Services Center for Elderly, a nonprofit law service. From 1977 to 1979 he served on the Oregon State Board of Examiners of Nursing Home Administrators. Wyden ran for the United States House of Representatives in 1980. In the Democratic primary, Wyden, who was just 31 at
1809-409: The Senate seat that was once held by Wayne Morse , a man whom Wyden worked for in the summer of 1968 as Morse's driver, and whom Wyden calls his mentor. Wyden was elected to a full term in 1998 with 61% of the vote. Wyden was reelected in 2004 with 64% of the vote to Republican nominee Al King's 31%. In 2010, Wyden was reelected with 57% of the vote to Jim Huffman 's 39%. In 2016, Wyden
1876-540: The Treasury Department to release Trump's returns over Trump's objections. Wyden asserted that Americans expect candidates to release their tax returns and Trump's break from tradition was "an exceptional moment where a long-standing precedent has been broken, and it presents enormous peril to the public to have this information as private." In May 2017, after Trump announced the firing of FBI Director James Comey , Wyden restated his past criticisms and said
1943-594: The U.S. Constitution have historically divided on the "letter versus spirit" debate. For example, at the founding, the Federalist Party argued for a looser interpretation of the Constitution, granting Congress broad powers in keeping with the spirit of the broader purpose of some of the Founding Fathers (notably including the Federalist founders' purposes). The Federalists would have represented
2010-563: The US Office of the Inspector General, that although the number of physicians was rising, disciplinary actions against physicians' licenses had not risen in proportion. These concerns coincided with an exponential increase in malpractice lawsuits against physicians. The Medical Malpractice Trial Bar, with its system of contingency fees, had been blamed for encouraging an increasing number of frivolous, non-meritorious lawsuits over
2077-543: The Wal-Marts of the world" and that neutrality in technology allowed "small businesses to thrive on the Internet". In July 2009, President Barack Obama praised Wyden as a "real thought leader" and an ally on health care reform , but announced he would not support Wyden's health care plan because parts of it were too radical for the United States. Wyden characterizes himself as an "independent voice for Oregonians and
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2144-471: The bill was "not a corpse" and must not disrupt Oregon's and Washington's vote-by-mail systems. In November 2003, Wyden announced his support for the Bush administration -backed Medicare bill, touted as "the biggest expansion of Medicare since its creation in 1965." In April 2004, Wyden was among a group of senators who took to the Senate floor to endorse a permanent ban on taxes on Internet access. Wyden said
2211-557: The days when women's health care choices were made by government" and "a direct attempt to overturn Roe v. Wade ." On August 1, 2018, Wyden announced his intent to put a formal hold on Treasury deputy secretary nominee Justin Muzinich after his confirmation by the Senate Finance Committee. He also confirmed his support for IRS general counsel nominee Michael Desmond and criticized Treasury consideration of indexing capital gains taxes to inflation as contributing extra tax savings to
2278-656: The decision to fire him amid investigation of Trump and his associate into possible Russian ties was "outrageous". Wyden advocated that Comey be called to testify in an open hearing about the investigation of Russia and Trump associates at the time his tenure was terminated. In August 2017, Wyden was one of four senators to unveil the Internet of Things Cybersecurity Improvement Act of 2017, legislation intended to establish "thorough, yet flexible, guidelines for Federal Government procurements of connected devices." In December 2017, Wyden called for Trump to resign over allegations of sexual misconduct and said Congress should investigate
2345-417: The first epistle to the Corinthians ( 1 Corinthians 11:25 ), this prophecy was fulfilled only through the work of Jesus Christ , who said "This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which will be shed for you." Christ did not come to abolish the law but to fulfill it. His purpose was to encourage people to look beyond the "letter of the law" to the "spirit of the law"...the principles behind the commandments and
2412-594: The hospital. He claimed that a general surgeon of the clinic initiated the action due to an ongoing dispute between him and the clinic. He prevailed in a jury trial. (The antitrust suit was later overturned by the U.S. Court of Appeals on the grounds that existing Oregon statutes already protected the peer review committee members from prosecution and that these protections should extend to federal antitrust suits brought by individuals for monetary (but not injunctive) relief.) Soon thereafter Congressman Wyden introduced HCQIA in an effort to extend state peer review immunities on
2479-514: The intent of the dialogue was to trap Jesus into making statements contrary to the law. Jesus responds by posing the question back to the lawyer, as already having knowledge of the law, ("What is written in the law?" verse 26) The lawyer quotes Deuteronomy 6:5 "You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your strength, and with all your mind and your neighbor as yourself.", NKJV) and Leviticus 19:18 . The question "Who
2546-638: The language as a pejorative for one who does so; the Oxford English Dictionary defines 'Pharisee' with one of the meanings as "A person of the spirit or character commonly attributed to the Pharisees in the New Testament; a legalist or formalist". Pharisees are also depicted as being lawless or corrupt ( Matthew 23:38 ); the Greek word used in the verse means lawlessness , and the corresponding Hebrew word means fraud or injustice. However,
2613-677: The law through federal executive action. In 2005, he and four other Democratic members of Oregon's congressional delegation filed an amicus brief in the Supreme Court case of Gonzales v. Oregon in support of the State of Oregon, and praised the eventual decision to uphold the law. In 2006, Wyden informed Senate leadership that he would block legislation overturning the Death with Dignity Act. In 2009 he said that he would continue to "fight tooth and nail" to block new federal attempts to block
2680-562: The law's intention. Gaming the system can be defined as using the rules and procedures meant to protect a system to, instead, manipulate the system for a desired outcome. The first known documented use of the term "gaming the system" is in 1975. According to James Rieley, a British advisor to CEOs and an author, structures in companies and organizations (both explicit and implicit policies and procedures, stated goals, and mental models) drive behaviors that are detrimental to long-term organizational success and stifle competition. For some, error
2747-632: The law. Wyden has been an advocate of gun control . He voted against limiting lawsuits against gun manufacturers and in favor of increasing background checks. Wyden also voted to renew the Federal Assault Weapons Ban . In October 2015, Wyden was one of the Senate Democrats to unveil a new gun control campaign in the aftermath of the Umpqua Community College shooting . Wyden said the three areas
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2814-512: The lawyer which of the men was a "neighbor" to the beaten traveller, to which the reply was "the one who showed compassion". Then Jesus says to him "go and do likewise". According to Jeremiah, "the qualities of the new covenant expounded upon the old are: a) It will not be broken; b) Its law will be written in the heart, not merely on tablets of stone; c) The knowledge of God will deem it no longer necessary to put it into written words of instruction." According to Luke ( Luke 22:20 ), and Paul, in
2881-432: The legislation "takes a long-overdue critical step in the right direction, holding gun dealers accountable for illegal sales, reducing the number of guns that fall into the wrong hands." In February 2019, Wyden was one of 38 senators to sign a letter to Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Lindsey Graham calling on him to "hold a hearing" on universal background checks and noting Graham's statement that he "intended to have
2948-402: The letter of the law but not the spirit may be accomplished through exploiting technicalities , loopholes , and ambiguous language. Violating the perceived intention of the law has been found to affect people's judgments of culpability above and beyond violations of the letter of the law such that (1) a person can violate the letter of the law (but not the spirit) and not incur culpability, (2)
3015-424: The letter of the law is to follow the literal reading of the words of the law, whereas following the spirit of the law is to follow the intention of why the law was enforced. Although it is usual to follow both the letter and the spirit, the two are commonly referenced when they are in opposition. "Law" originally referred to legislative statute , but in the idiom may refer to any kind of rule. Intentionally following
3082-412: The letter) to make concessions and remedy. In one of the best known examples, The Merchant of Venice , he introduces the quibble as a plot device to save both the spirit and the letter of the law. The moneylender Shylock has made an agreement with Antonio that if he cannot repay a loan, he will have a pound of flesh from him. When the debt is not repaid in time Portia at first pleads for mercy in
3149-444: The matter amounted to a "failure to communicate honestly about delays and cancellations" as well as the bumping of passengers from flights and that Congress was capable of taking action to give passengers "timely, accurate information and reasonable service." In March, Wyden stated his support for ending a federal rule requiring commercial pilots to cease flying after age 60. In April 2001, Wyden joined Gordon H. Smith in introducing
3216-616: The matter in the event Trump decided to remain in office. In May 2018, Wyden was one of six Democratic senators to sign a letter asking that all members of Senate be authorized to read a report from the Department of Justice underpinning the decision to not seek charges in the CIA's destruction of videotapes. In July 2018, after Trump nominated Brett Kavanaugh to the Supreme Court, Wyden said Trump had begun "a forced march back to
3283-596: The nation" and emphasizes his positions on health care reform, national security , consumer protection , and government transparency . On the Issues characterizes him as a "Hard-Core Liberal." On March 6, 2013, Wyden crossed party lines to join Republican Senator Rand Paul , who was engaged in a talking filibuster to block voting on the nomination of John O. Brennan as the Director of
3350-532: The next morning without notifying passengers of the change in schedule. During an address to the International Aviation Club days later, Wyden warned that airlines that persisted in fighting modest steps like informing the public of perpetually late flights would encounter more burdensome requirements later. In January 2002, Wyden charged Enron with resorting "to a variety of legal, regulatory and accounting contortions to keep investors and
3417-523: The notion of peer review by physicians away from the National Practitioner Databank. In California , this move was echoed as insurance agencies and health plans were enabled to perform "peer review." This combination of events ended the ability of physicians to conduct peer review of themselves, and "peer review" of physicians became transformed into "performance appraisal" done by physicians and non-physicians alike. Although
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#17327722454473484-622: The only two senators on the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee to vote against the confirmation of Gale Norton as United States Secretary of the Interior . Wyden admitted reluctance in his opposition and said he hoped that Norton would change his view of her. In February 2001, after the U.S. Department of Transportation 's Inspector General's Office released a report on airlines providing "untimely, incomplete, or unreliable reports" on flight delays and cancellations, Wyden said
3551-569: The original HCQIA had afforded immunity to physician peer reviewers only (which were originally assumed to constitute the group of peers), the OBRA amendment conferred immunity to a widening circle of non-physician performance appraisers as well. This set the stage for abuse of the system . Some law firms are quite open about techniques for taking advantage of the HCQIA act. Ron Wyden U.S. Senator from Oregon Ronald Lee Wyden ( / ˈ w aɪ d ə n / WY -dən ; born May 3, 1949)
3618-722: The passage of Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act of 1996. In January 1996, in a special election to fill the Senate seat vacated by Bob Packwood , Wyden defeated Oregon State Senate President Gordon Smith by just over 18,000 votes, mainly due to swamping Smith by over 89,000 votes in Multnomah County . Smith won the November 1996 Senate election to succeed the retiring Mark Hatfield , and Smith and Wyden served together until Smith's defeat in 2008 by Democrat Jeff Merkley . Wyden holds
3685-420: The preceding 2 decades. In this environment, physicians and hospitals appeared reluctant to report their peers and thereby increase the overall legal liability for their profession. Malpractice insurance premiums had already begun to skyrocket due to the malpractice environment, and physicians were not inclined to make the situation worse. During the ensuing debate, studies were published that asserted that only
3752-450: The previous week requesting that he appoint a special counsel to investigate Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas for tax and ethics violations. The letter says, "The breadth of the omissions uncovered to date, and the serious possibility of additional tax fraud and false statement violations by Justice Thomas and his associates, warrant the appointment of a Special Counsel to investigate this misconduct." Wyden's committee assignments for
3819-580: The proper place of worship specified in Deuteronomy 12; the Samaritans considered only the Pentateuch canon, and worshipped Yahweh in their temple on Mount Gerizim) goes above and beyond simply tending to the injured man. He takes him to an inn and gives money for the man's care, promises and then actually does return to inquire about the man, and pay any overage incurred. Jesus concludes by asking
3886-511: The public in the dark" and called for Congress to begin an investigation into the matter. In February, he said that thousands of Oregonians had been harmed by Enron's collapse and advocated that the Senate Commerce Committee continue inquiring about Enron until they had all the facts. In March 2002, amid the Senate's inability to reach an agreement on legislation intended to overhaul American election procedures, Wyden said
3953-427: The senators were focusing on, that of increasing background check requirements, closing "loopholes" on background checks when guns are purchased at gun shows or online, and closing the "pipeline of illegal guns" by rendering gun trafficking as a federal crime, were "common sense" and should have bipartisan support. In January 2016, Wyden was one of 18 senators to call on the appropriations committee leadership to hold
4020-523: The spirit and letter of the law. Though it is not quoted directly, the principle is applied using the words "spirit" and "letter" in context with the legalistic view of the Hebrew Bible . This is the first recorded use of the phrase. In the New Testament , Pharisees are seen as people who place the letter of the law above the spirit ( Mark 2:3–28 , 3:1–6 ). Thus, "Pharisee" has entered
4087-709: The standard of negligence used by medical malpractice attorneys was not the same one used by medical professionals and the courts. Furthermore, the studies of negligence did not attempt to separate the contribution of systems failures (not attributable to a single medical practitioner) from that of an individual physician. It has been shown since that time that system failures are common in healthcare. The American Medical Association lobbied for confidentiality and legal immunity for healthcare peer review processes. It theorized that only in such an environment could system failures be identified and corrected and physician participation be increased. This immunity became incorporated into
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#17327722454474154-586: The subject was "about as interesting as prolonged root-canal work" but that it was "fair to say that the decisions the Senate makes with respect to this subject will say a whole lot about the future of the Internet." In August 2004, amid Democratic opposition to the nomination of Porter Goss for Director of Central Intelligence , Wyden said that Democrats were aware "of what happened in the last election cycle on homeland security" and that he hoped "that Democrats aren't accused by anybody of being obstructionist just by asking tough questions." In December 2004, Wyden
4221-518: The time, upset incumbent Representative Bob Duncan in Oregon's 3rd congressional district , which includes most of Portland. Later that fall, Wyden defeated his Republican opponent, Darrell Conger, with 71% of the vote. The 3rd has long been the most Democratic district in Oregon, and Wyden was reelected seven times, never with less than 70% of the vote. In the House, Wyden played an influential role in
4288-602: The wake of the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting was strong enough to warrant lawsuit by the NRA. In July, Wyden confirmed he had joined other senators in introducing legislation intended to ensure gun dealers were not engaging in illegal sales and bestowing the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives with clear enforcement mechanisms. He said gun violence "demands real action by Congress" and
4355-527: The wealthy along with possibly being illegal. In August 2018, after the White House barred CNN reporter Kaitlan Collins from covering an open press event after she repeatedly asked Trump about his relationship with his former attorney Michael Cohen , Wyden cosponsored a resolution urging Trump to respect the press. On July 9, 2024, it was reported that Wyden and Senator Sheldon Whitehouse sent an official letter to Attorney General Merrick Garland
4422-492: Was one of four Democratic senators to refuse to sign "conference sheets" used by the House-Senate conference committee that was working on the 2005 intelligence authorization bill, the four objecting to a classified item in the bill that they believed the funding of which "should be expended on other intelligence programs that will make a surer and greater contribution to national security." On March 2, 2006, Wyden unveiled
4489-499: Was reelected with 57% of the vote to Republican nominee Mark Callahan 's 33%. In 2022, Wyden was reelected with 56% of the vote to Republican nominee Jo Rae Perkins 's 41%. In June 1996, Wyden offered an amendment to the mission of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) that was endorsed by Transportation Secretary Federico F. Peña . In September, Wyden joined Wendell H. Ford in requesting that
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