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34-737: The Health Professions Council of South Africa was established in 1974 under the Health Professions Act No. 56 of 1974. Regulation of medicine and allied professions in South Africa began in the 19th century, with the establishment of the Colonial Medical Council in the Cape Province in 1891. The Natal Medical Council was then established in 1896, followed by the Medical and Pharmacy Council of

68-486: A decade. In 1869, Reverend Dower of the London Mission Society visited the place and agreed to establish a church if the people were to move once more. Kok consulted with the populace, and they chose an area farther south of the mountain. The Griquas moved there in 1872, and founded the town of Kokstad, named in honour of their leader. The state that was established around Kokstad, while Griqua ruled,

102-649: A fighting force that could match the colonial army, and after having voiced their opposition to becoming either subjects to the Crown in the Cape Colony or servants in the Free State, they left their homeland under duress to go into exile in 1863. Ultimately, all sources agree that the last great Griqua leader's followers ended up in the area around Mount Currie and set up a Laager , a simple settlement site made up of small huts, where they remained for over half

136-1595: A separate legal entity. The HPCSA regulates 12 categories of healthcare professionals. They are: Dental Assistant Dental Therapist Student Dietitian Supplementary Dietitian Nutritionist Student nutritionist Supplementary Nutritionist Ambulance Emergency Assistant Operational Emergency Care Orderly Emergency Care Assistant Paramedic Emergency Care Technician Emergency Care Practitioner Student Environmental Health Practitioner Food Inspector Environmental Health Assistant Clinical Associate Anesthetist's Assistant Health Assistant Dentist Genetic Counsellor Medical Physicist Medical Biological Scientist Biomedical Engineer (register closed for new registrations) Clinical Biochemist (register closed for new registrations) Intern Medical Laboratory Scientist Student Medical Laboratory Scientist Medical Technologist Intern Medical Technologist Student Medical Technologist Medical Technician Student Medical Technician Supplementary Medical Technician Laboratory Assistant Student Laboratory Assistant Supplementary Laboratory Assistant Supplementary Occupational Therapist Occupational Therapy Technician Occupational Therapy Assistant Medical Orthotics and Prosthetics Supplementary Medical Orthotics and Prosthetics Orthopaedic Footwear Technician Orthopaedic Technical Assistant Assistant Medical Orthotics and Prosthetics & Leatherworks Arts Therapist : Drama, Music, Art & Movement Student Dispensing Optician Cape Province The Province of

170-756: A system of responsible government , was reluctant to assume responsibility for Griqualand East due to its considerable expenses and its considerably resentful population. Although initially the Cape had refused to annex the territory, agreement was reached after substantial negotiation and in 1877 the Cape Parliament passed the Griqualand East Annexation Act ( Act 38 of 1877 ). The act was only promulgated two years later on 17 September 1879, when four magistrates were set up, at Kokstad, Matatiele, Mount Frere and Umzimkulu. The territory

204-530: Is a vertically flipped version of the "Vierkleur" used by Transvaal and the South African Republic . A single source dates its first documented appearance to 1903, but the flag itself might have been in use earlier; whether or not independent Griqualand East actually deployed it is uncertain. "There you have it... we were not consulted. We can say nothing." - Adam Kok III (comment on looming British annexation, 1874) In

238-560: The Bechuanaland Protectorate , now Botswana ), Griqualand East (the area around Kokstad ) and Griqualand West (area around Kimberley ). As a result, it encompassed two-thirds of South Africa's territory, and covered an area of approximately 717,000 square kilometres (277,000 sq mi). At the time of the formation of the Union of South Africa , South Africa consisted of four provinces: Transvaal (previously

272-626: The Colony of Natal . Contemporary reports claimed that the Griquas then sold much of their land voluntarily, and that the overall annexation of the territory took place "at the wish of the inhabitants themselves." On the other hand, opinion among the Griqua people themselves seems to have been divided. A quote by Adam Kok III, upon learning of the Colonial Offices' plans, suggests that there

306-680: The Orange River Colony in 1904 and the Transvaal Medical Council in 1905. Following the formation of the Union of South Africa , the South African Medical and Dental Council (SAMDC) was formed in accordance with Act 13 of 1928 to fulfil the functions of the former provincial councils. Act 56 of 1974 replaced Act 13 of 1928, and the HPCSA as it exists currently was formed. The SAMDC continues as

340-609: The South African Republic ), Natal , Orange Free State and the Cape Province. Before union, the Cape Colony had traditionally implemented a system of non-racial franchise, whereby qualifications for suffrage were applied equally to all males, regardless of race. During the union negotiations, the Cape Prime Minister, John X. Merriman fought unsuccessfully to extend this multi-racial franchise system to

374-481: The Cape Province was divided into the new Eastern Cape , Northern Cape and Western Cape provinces, along with part of the North West . When the Union of South Africa was formed in 1910, the original Cape Colony was renamed the Cape Province. It was by far the largest of South Africa's four provinces, as it contained regions it had previously annexed, such as British Bechuanaland (not to be confused with

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408-470: The Cape of Good Hope ( Afrikaans : Provinsie Kaap die Goeie Hoop ), commonly referred to as the Cape Province ( Afrikaans : Kaapprovinsie ) and colloquially as The Cape ( Afrikaans : Die Kaap ), was a province in the Union of South Africa and subsequently the Republic of South Africa . It encompassed the old Cape Colony , as well as Walvis Bay , and had Cape Town as its capital. In 1994,

442-484: The Free State and simultaneously serve as a buffer against Bushmen and "their predatory raids upon the farmers and natives of Natal" After their leader Adam Kok III had sent an advance party to survey the area, the entire group agreed to the arrangement and arrived there in 1862. More recently recovered official documents, however, tell the story of a deal that was negotiated between the Colonial Office and

476-506: The Free State in 1854, long before the Griquas had any knowledge of their fate. The Colonial Office agreed to undertake the expulsion of the entire population in exchange for a settlement of a border conflict between the Afrikaners and the Cape colonists. According to the sources, Adam Kok III and his followers only learned about the plans six years after the official document had been secretly signed. Realising that they could not muster

510-534: The Griqua population and formed delegations to deal with the surrounding polities. In 1867, after the Bank of Durban had begun printing its own banknotes, Kok and his followers embarked on a similar experiment of their own and had about 10,000 one pound-notes printed for use in the area. The plans to actually introduce them never materialised, and, with the exception of a few remaining samples, almost all of them were destroyed without ever being in circulation. After

544-521: The Griquas' last hope for an independent state in Southern Africa had died as well. After coming under British rule, Griqualand East was administered by the British as a separate colony for several years. During this time, the Colonial Office put considerable pressure on the government of the neighbouring Cape Colony to annex the costly and turbulent territory. However the Cape, newly under

578-515: The Managing Director of Strachan and Co The seal included in the information-box is a rough replica of a seal shown on the first set of banknotes of 1867 which is the only known and surviving depiction. On the banknote itself, it is flanked to the left and right by a band or ribbon which reads "G OUVERNEMENT VAN | N IEUW G RIQUALAND " and includes a helm with mantling . The actual implied colours are unknown. The Griqua flag

612-585: The arrival of migrants from the west and north, the area formed part of the Mpondo kingdom under King Faku , who ruled as sovereign of the ethnically Xhosa dynasty from 1815 to 1867. During his reign, Faku initially welcomed many refugees who came over the territory's north-eastern border, fleeing from the incursions and raids by the army of Shaka (leader of the Zulu Kingdom from 1816 to 1828). As Faku eventually realised that his warriors could not defend

646-429: The differing sources and versions of history, the end of Griqualand East's story is as contested as its beginning, and the reasons for the country's dissolution remain hazy. Local Cape sources record an official (but heavily qualified) request in 1869, from Adam Kok III, for the establishment of British rule, on condition that land title be respected and that Griqualand East should under no circumstances be incorporated into

680-406: The eastern part of his kingdom against Shaka, he decided to evacuate the area, leaving behind what became known as Nomansland (often spelled "No-man's land" in contemporary sources). Meanwhile, a group of Griquas who had left the Cape of Good Hope in the 18th century and had settled in the area around present-day Philippolis in 1826 faced the prospect of their area coming under the control of

714-459: The emerging Orange Free State (Oranje Vrijstaat - officially established as a Boer republic in 1854). In 1861 most of these inhabitants embarked on an exhausting journey, leaving to move southwards over Ukhahlamba also called intaba zokhahlamba that means mountains of Ukhahlamba (today known as the Drakensberg mountain range), but first-hand witnesses give two differing narratives of

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748-470: The existing provinces as part of the policy of perpetuating white control over South Africa. These became known as the four independent TBVC States and the six Non-Independent Homelands . In the Cape Province, the Transkei (1976) and Ciskei (1981) regions were declared independent of South Africa. Griqualand East was transferred to Natal Province after Transkei was declared independent, since it

782-572: The majority of the Griqualand East population, came to own increasing amounts of land in the area, together with newly-arriving European settlers. These demographic factors led to a further dilution of Griqua identity and a century later, under Apartheid , the territory was incorporated into the Xhosa "homeland" of the Transkei . When the Union of South Africa was formed in 1910, the Cape Colony changed its name to "Cape Province", and during

816-522: The move to Kokstad, however, a new venture in introducing a local currency was more successful in 1874; designed by Strachan and Co. and minted in Germany, several coins were used (see picture) and remained in circulation long after the disestablishment of the country. Confirmation that the Strachan and Co circulated as money in the region from 1874 comes from the local Standard Bank at Kokstad . and

850-483: The reasons and motivations for their last trek . According to the account of John Robinson , first Premier of Natal, the inhabitants of Philippolis were invited by Sir George Grey , administrator of the area on behalf of the United Kingdom , to settle in the aforementioned Nomansland , south of what had by then become the British colony of Natal . Their settlement there was to avoid a potential conflict with

884-471: The rest of South Africa . This failed, as it was strongly opposed by the former Boer Republics which were determined to entrench white rule . After union, the Cape Province was permitted to keep a restricted version of its multi-racial qualified franchise, and thus became the only province where Coloureds (mixed-race people) and Black Africans could vote. Over the following years, successive acts were passed to erode this colour-blind voters roll. In 1931,

918-476: The restricting franchise qualifications were removed for white voters, but kept for Black and Coloured voters. In 1956, the Apartheid government removed all remaining suffrage rights for "non-whites". The government had to appoint many extra senators in parliament to force through this change. During the apartheid era, so-called " bantustans " or homelands for the different Bantu nations were carved out of

952-485: Was also given two elected seats in the Cape Parliament, which at the time was elected through the multi-racial " Cape Qualified Franchise " system, whereby qualifications for suffrage were applied to all males, regardless of race. The Griqua people had only ever been a small, ruling minority of the population of Griqualand East. Once independent Griqua rule was ended, the Xhosa speaking Pondo people, who had long constituted

986-633: Was broken up into three smaller provinces: the Western Cape , Eastern Cape and Northern Cape . Parts of it were also absorbed into the North West . Walvis Bay , a territory of the original Cape Colony, had been ceded to Namibia two months earlier. Districts of the province and population at the 1991 census. 31°00′S 22°00′E  /  31.000°S 22.000°E  / -31.000; 22.000 Griqualand East Griqualand East ( Afrikaans : Griekwaland-Oos ), officially known as New Griqualand ( Dutch : Nieuw Griqualand ),

1020-615: Was cut off from the rest of the province. With the 1994 adoption of the Interim Constitution , these homelands were re-incorporated into South Africa, both part of the new Eastern Cape province. After the first fully democratic elections in April 1994, the Transkei and Ciskei bantustans were reunited with Cape Province, then the country was divided into what are now the current nine provinces of South Africa . Cape Province

1054-502: Was misunderstanding or even deception involved in the annexation of Griqualand East: "There you have it... we were not consulted. We can say nothing." The British assumed direct control of the territory in 1874. What is known for a fact is that the Griqua leader, whose name still adorns the town he founded, died in December 1875 after being severely injured in a wagon-accident. At his funeral, his cousin commented that with Kok's death,

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1088-543: Was occupied by the British Empire and became a colony in 1874, shortly before the death of its founder and only leader, Adam Kok III . A short while later, the small territory was incorporated into the neighbouring Cape Colony . Though for a long time overshadowed in history by the story of the Voortrekkers , the trek of the Griquas has been described as "one of the great epics of the 19th century." Before

1122-593: Was one of four short-lived Griqua states in Southern Africa from the early 1860s until the late 1870s and was located between the Umzimkulu and Kinira Rivers, south of the Sotho Kingdom . Griqualand East's capital, Kokstad , was the final place of settlement for a people who had migrated several times on their journey from the Cape of Good Hope and over the mountains of present-day Lesotho . The territory

1156-408: Was populated overwhelmingly by the pre-existing Xhosa speaking peoples, with the Griqua forming only a very small, politically-dominant minority. Though, in historical terms, constantly on the move, with permanent settlements existing only for short intervals, the people of Griqualand East managed to establish a Raad (or Volksraad ), a gathering of 12 members which made decisions on behalf of

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