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50-533: (Redirected from HP Journal ) Hewlett-Packard Journal ( ISSN   0018-1153 ) was a magazine published by Hewlett-Packard (HP) between 1949–1998. The first issue appeared in September 1949. Headquartered in Palo Alto, California , it covered technical and product news from HP. The magazine was started as monthly, but then its frequency switched to bimonthly. It

100-702: A 977 "country code" (compare the 978 country code (" bookland ") for ISBNs ), followed by the 7 main digits of the ISSN (the check digit is not included), followed by 2 publisher-defined digits, followed by the EAN check digit (which need not match the ISSN check digit). ISSN codes are assigned by a network of ISSN National Centres, usually located at national libraries and coordinated by the ISSN International Centre based in Paris . The International Centre

150-475: A change in which people communicate with others as well as receive information. About 53% use social media to read/watch the news. Many people use the information specifically from social media influencers to understand more about a topic, business, or organization. Social media has now been made part of everyday news production for journalists around the world. Not only does social media provide more connection between readers and journalists, but it also cultivates

200-451: A communication method to aid in scientific research and create interaction. The narrative, layout, and gaming features all share a relationship that can deliver meaning and value that make games an innovative communication tool. Research-focused games showed a connection towards a greater usage of dialogue within the science community as players had the opportunity to address issues with a game with themselves and scientists. This helped to push

250-441: A decrease in diversity of content and views in certain countries due to actions made against broadcasters by states via their licensing authorities. This can have an impact on competition and may lead to an excessive concentration of power with potential influence on public opinion. Examples include the failure to renew or retain licenses for editorially critical media, reducing the regulator's competences and mandates for action, and

300-477: A lack of due process in the adoption of regulatory decisions. Governments worldwide have sought to extend regulation to internet companies, whether connectivity providers or application service providers , and whether domestically or foreign-based. The impact on journalistic content can be severe, as internet companies can err too much on the side of caution and take down news reports, including algorithmically, while offering inadequate opportunities for redress to

350-418: A method to prevent the concentration of media ownership. Licensing has been criticized for an alleged lack of transparency . Regulatory authorities in certain countries have been accused of exhibiting political bias in favor of the government or ruling party, which has resulted in some prospective broadcasters being denied licenses or being threatened with license withdrawal. As a consequence, there has been

400-430: A sense of belonging through the screen. Gaming is an activity shared amongst others regardless of age, allowing for a diverse group of players to connect and enjoy their favorite games with. This helps with creating or maintaining relationships: friendships, family, or a significant other. As with most interactive media content, games have ratings to assist in choosing appropriate games regarding younger audiences. This

450-646: A story is genuine or not. There have also been broader initiatives bringing together a variety of donors and actors to promote fact-checking and news literacy , such as the News Integrity Initiative at the City University of New York 's School of Journalism. This 14 million USD investment by groups including the Ford Foundation and Facebook was launched in 2017 so its full impact remains to be seen. It will, however, complement

500-428: A support for media freedom and development organizations by intergovernmental organizations such as UNESCO and non-governmental organizations . There has been a continued trend of establishing self-regulatory bodies, such as press councils, in conflict and post-conflict situations. Major internet companies have responded to pressure by governments and the public by elaborating self-regulatory and complaints systems at

550-632: Is C =5. To calculate the check digit, the following algorithm may be used: 0 ⋅ 8 + 3 ⋅ 7 + 7 ⋅ 6 + 8 ⋅ 5 + 5 ⋅ 4 + 9 ⋅ 3 + 5 ⋅ 2 = 0 + 21 + 42 + 40 + 20 + 27 + 10 = 160 . {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}&0\cdot 8+3\cdot 7+7\cdot 6+8\cdot 5+5\cdot 4+9\cdot 3+5\cdot 2\\&=0+21+42+40+20+27+10\\&=160\;.\end{aligned}}} The remainder of this sum modulo 11

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600-538: Is a standard label for "Print ISSN", the ISSN for the print media (paper) version of a serial. Usually it is the "default media" and so the "default ISSN". e-ISSN (or eISSN ) is a standard label for "Electronic ISSN", the ISSN for the electronic media (online) version of a serial. Content (media) In communication , media (sing. medium ) are the outlets or tools used to store and deliver semantic information or contained subject matter, described as content . The term generally refers to components of

650-480: Is an intergovernmental organization created in 1974 through an agreement between UNESCO and the French government. ISSN-L is a unique identifier for all versions of the serial containing the same content across different media. As defined by ISO 3297:2007 , the "linking ISSN (ISSN-L)" provides a mechanism for collocation or linking among the different media versions of the same continuing resource. The ISSN-L

700-445: Is available as web-pages - or as scanned and available on HPs home page as PDF downloads. References [ edit ] ^ "HP Journals" . HP Archive . Retrieved 24 December 2015 . ^ "Issue 1" (PDF) . HP Journal . 1 (1). September 1949 . Retrieved 24 December 2015 . ^ Roman Boutellier; Oliver Gassmann; Maximilian von Zedtwitz (29 June 2013). Managing Global Innovation: Uncovering

750-792: Is being spread.  Instagram works with these fact checkers to ensure that no false information is being spread around the site. Instagram started this work in 2019, following Facebook with the idea as they started fact checking in 2016. Developments in telecommunications has provided media the ability to conduct long-distance communication via analog and digital media: Modern communication media includes long-distance exchanges between larger numbers of people ( many-to-many communication via email , Internet forums , and telecommunications ports ). Traditional broadcast media and mass media favor one-to-many communication (television, cinema , radio, newspaper , magazines , and social media ). Electronic Media, specifically social media has become one of

800-581: Is believed to influence children's attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. The usage and consumption of gaming has tremendously increased within the last decade with estimates of around 2.3 billion people from around the world playing digital and online video games. The growth rate for the global market for gaming was expected to grow 6.2% towards 2020. Areas like Latin America had a 20.1% increase, Asia-Pacific - 9.2%, North America - 4.0%, and Europe -11.7%. Studies show that digital and online gaming can be used as

850-403: Is done by ESRB ratings and consists of the following: E for Everyone, E for Everyone 10+, T for Teen, and M for Mature 17+. Whenever a new game is released, it is reviewed by associations to determine a suitable rating so younger audiences do not consume harmful or inappropriate content. With these ratings it helps the risks and effects of gaming on younger audiences because the exposure of media

900-475: Is not freely available for interrogation on the web, but is available by subscription. ISSN and ISBN codes are similar in concept, where ISBNs are assigned to individual books . An ISBN might be assigned for particular issues of a serial, in addition to the ISSN code for the serial as a whole. An ISSN, unlike the ISBN code, is an anonymous identifier associated with a serial title, containing no information as to

950-476: Is one of a serial's existing ISSNs, so does not change the use or assignment of "ordinary" ISSNs; it is based on the ISSN of the first published medium version of the publication. If the print and online versions of the publication are published at the same time, the ISSN of the print version is chosen as the basis of the ISSN-L . With ISSN-L is possible to designate one single ISSN for all those media versions of

1000-465: Is responsible for maintaining the standard. When a serial with the same content is published in more than one media type , a different ISSN is assigned to each media type. For example, many serials are published both in print and electronic media . The ISSN system refers to these types as print ISSN ( p-ISSN ) and electronic ISSN ( e-ISSN ). Consequently, as defined in ISO 3297:2007, every serial in

1050-490: Is then calculated: 160 11 = 14  remainder  6 = 14 + 6 11 {\displaystyle {\frac {160}{11}}=14{\mbox{ remainder }}6=14+{\frac {6}{11}}} If there is no remainder, the check digit is 0; otherwise the remainder is subtracted from 11. If the result is less than 10, it yields the check digit: 11 − 6 = 5 . {\displaystyle 11-6=5\;.} Thus, in this example,

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1100-607: The Persian Empire ( Chapar Khaneh and Angarium ) and Roman Empire , can be interpreted as early forms of media. Writers such as Howard Rheingold have framed early forms of human communication, such as the Lascaux cave paintings and early writing, as early forms of media. Another framing of the history of media starts with the Chauvet Cave paintings and continues with other ways to carry human communication beyond

1150-487: The United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights , impacts on the presence of independent journalism by defining the limits of what should or should not be carried and prioritized in the most popular digital spaces. Public pressure on technology giants has motivated the development of new strategies aimed not only at identifying ' fake news ', but also at eliminating some of

1200-590: The digital object identifier (DOI), an ISSN-independent initiative, consolidated in the 2000s. Only later, in 2007, ISSN-L was defined in the new ISSN standard (ISO 3297:2007) as an "ISSN designated by the ISSN Network to enable collocation or versions of a continuing resource linking among the different media". An ISSN can be encoded as a uniform resource name (URN) by prefixing it with " urn:ISSN: ". For example, Rail could be referred to as " urn:ISSN:0953-4563 ". URN namespaces are case-sensitive, and

1250-451: The mass media communications industry, such as print media ( publishing ), news media , photography , cinema , broadcasting ( radio and television ), digital media , and advertising . Each of these different channels requires a specific, thus media-adequate approach, to a successful transmission of content. The development of early writing and paper enabling longer-distance communication systems such as mail , including in

1300-401: The print and electronic media versions of a serial need separate ISSNs, and CD-ROM versions and web versions require different ISSNs. However, the same ISSN can be used for different file formats (e.g. PDF and HTML ) of the same online serial. This "media-oriented identification" of serials made sense in the 1970s. In the 1990s and onward, with personal computers, better screens, and

1350-673: The publisher or its location . For this reason a new ISSN is assigned to a serial each time it undergoes a major title change. Since the ISSN applies to an entire serial, other identifiers have been built on top of it to allow references to specific volumes, articles, or other identifiable components (like the table of contents ): the Publisher Item Identifier (PII) and the Serial Item and Contribution Identifier (SICI). Separate ISSNs are needed for serials in different media (except reproduction microforms ). Thus,

1400-403: The radio frequency spectrum was public property . This prohibited private organizations from owning any portion of the spectrum. A broadcast license is typically given to broadcasters by communications regulators, allowing them to broadcast on a certain frequency and typically in a specific geographical location. Licensing is done by regulators in order to manage a broadcasting medium and as

1450-597: The ISSN namespace is all caps. If the checksum digit is "X" then it is always encoded in uppercase in a URN. The URNs are content-oriented , but ISSN is media-oriented: A unique URN for serials simplifies the search, recovery and delivery of data for various services including, in particular, search systems and knowledge databases . ISSN-L (see Linking ISSN above) was created to fill this gap. The two standard categories of media in which serials are most available are print and electronic . In metadata contexts (e.g., JATS ), these may have standard labels. p-ISSN

1500-451: The ISSN system is also assigned a linking ISSN ( ISSN-L ), typically the same as the ISSN assigned to the serial in its first published medium, which links together all ISSNs assigned to the serial in every medium. An ISSN is an eight-digit code, divided by a hyphen into two four-digit numbers. The last digit, which may be zero through nine or an X, is a check digit , so the ISSN is uniquely represented by its first seven digits. Formally,

1550-735: The Secrets of Future Competitiveness . Springer Science & Business Media. p. 373. ISBN   978-3-662-04250-2 . Retrieved 24 December 2015 . ^ hpmuseum.net: HP Journal ^ "hp.com: Hewlett-Packard Journal " . Archived from the original on 2012-05-26 . Retrieved 2012-05-17 . External links [ edit ] hpmemoryproject.org: The Hewlett-Packard Journal leapsecond.com: Time & Frequency Articles from Hewlett Packard Journal Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hewlett-Packard_Journal&oldid=1176446298 " Categories : Bimonthly magazines published in

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1600-802: The United States Monthly magazines published in the United States Defunct computer magazines published in the United States Hewlett-Packard Magazines disestablished in 1998 Magazines established in 1949 Magazines published in California ISSN (identifier) The ISSN system was first drafted as an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) international standard in 1971 and published as ISO 3297 in 1975. ISO subcommittee TC 46/SC 9

1650-478: The Web, it makes sense to consider only content , independent of media. This "content-oriented identification" of serials was a repressed demand during a decade, but no ISSN update or initiative occurred. A natural extension for ISSN, the unique-identification of the articles in the serials, was the main demand application. An alternative serials' contents model arrived with the indecs Content Model and its application,

1700-654: The access of programmers to satellite transponders in parts of the Western Europe , North America , the Arab region and in Asia and the Pacific . The Arab Satellite Broadcasting Charter was an example of efforts to bring formal standards and some regulatory authority to bear on what is transmitted, but it appears to not have been implemented. Self-regulation is expressed as a preferential system by journalists but also as

1750-451: The affected news producers. In Western Europe , self-regulation provides an alternative to state regulatory authorities. In such contexts, newspapers have historically been free of licensing and regulation, and there has been repeated pressure for them to self-regulate or at least to have in-house ombudsmen . However, it has often been difficult to establish meaningful self-regulatory entities. In many cases, self-regulations exists in

1800-450: The case of requests from governments. At the same time, however, the study signaled a number of companies that have become more opaque when it comes to disclosing how they enforce their own terms of service, in restricting certain types of content and account. State governments can also use "Fake news" in order to spread propaganda. In addition to responding to pressure for more clearly defined self-regulatory mechanisms, and galvanized by

1850-460: The check digit C is 5. To confirm the check digit, calculate the sum of all eight digits of the ISSN multiplied by their position in the number, counting from the right. (If the check digit is X, add 10 to the sum.) The remainder of the sum modulo 11 must be 0. There is an online ISSN checker that can validate an ISSN, based on the above algorithm. ISSNs can be encoded in EAN-13 bar codes with

1900-477: The debates over so-called 'fake news', internet companies such as Facebook have launched campaigns to educate users about how to more easily distinguish between 'fake news' and real news sources. Ahead of the United Kingdom national election in 2017 , for example, Facebook published a series of advertisements in newspapers with 'Tips for Spotting False News' which suggested 10 things that might signal whether

1950-405: The general form of the ISSN (also named "ISSN structure" or "ISSN syntax") can be expressed as follows: where N is in the set { 0,1,2,...,9 }, a decimal digit character, and C is in { 0,1,2,...,9,X }; or by a Perl Compatible Regular Expressions (PCRE) regular expression : For example, the ISSN of the journal Hearing Research , is 0378-5955, where the final 5 is the check digit, that

2000-502: The individual company level, using principles they have developed under the framework of the Global Network Initiative . The Global Network Initiative has grown to include several large telecom companies alongside internet companies such as Google , Facebook and others, as well as civil society organizations and academics. The European Commission 's 2013 publication, ICT Technology Sector Guide on Implementing

2050-696: The mid-1960s, the term had spread to general use in North America and the United Kingdom. According to H. L. Mencken , the phrase mass media was used as early as 1923 in the United States. The term medium (the singular form of media ) is defined as "one of the means or channels of general communication, information, or entertainment in society, as newspapers, radio, or television." The role of regulatory authorities (license broadcaster institutions, content providers , platforms) and

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2100-728: The offerings of other networks such as the International Fact-Checking Network launched by the Poynter Institute in 2015 which seeks to outline the parameters of the field. Instagram has also created a way to potentially expose "fake news" that is posted on the site. After looking into the site, it seemed as more than a place for political memes, but a weaponized platform, instead of the creative space it used to be. Since that, Instagram has started to put warning labels on certain stories or posts if third-party fact checkers believe that false information

2150-671: The participation and community amongst technical communicators and their audiences, clients, and stakeholders. The gaming community has grown exponentially, and about 63% have taken to playing with others, whether online or in-person. Players online will communicate through the system of microphone applicability either through the game or a third party application such as Discord . The improvements upon connectivity and software allowed for players online to keep in touch and game instantaneously, disregarding location almost entirely. With online gaming platforms it has been noted that they support diverse social gaming communities allowing players to feel

2200-468: The resistance to political and commercial interference in the autonomy of the media sector are both considered as significant components of media independence . In order to ensure media independence, regulatory authorities should be placed outside of governments' directives. This can be measured through legislation, agency statutes and rules. In the United States, the Radio Act of 1927 established that

2250-526: The shadow of state regulation, and is conscious of the possibility of state intervention . In many countries in Central and Eastern Europe , self-regulatory structures seems to be lacking or have not historically been perceived as efficient and effective. The rise of satellite channels that delivered directly to viewers, or through cable or online systems, renders much larger the sphere of unregulated programing. There are, however, varying efforts to regulate

2300-504: The short range of voice: smoke signals , trail markers , and sculpture . In its modern application, the term media is relating to communication channels was first used by Canadian communications theorist Marshall McLuhan , who stated in Counterblast (1954): "The media are not toys; they should not be in the hands of Mother Goose and Peter Pan executives. They can be entrusted only to new artists because they are art forms." By

2350-732: The structural causes of their emergence and proliferation. Facebook has created new buttons for users to report content they believe is false, following previous strategies aimed at countering hate speech and harassment online . These changes reflect broader transformations occurring among tech giants to increase their transparency. As indicated by the Ranking Digital Rights Corporate Accountability Index, most large internet companies have reportedly become relatively more forthcoming in terms of their policies about transparency in regard to third party requests to remove or access content, especially in

2400-646: The title. The use of ISSN-L facilitates search, retrieval and delivery across all media versions for services like OpenURL , library catalogues , search engines or knowledge bases . The International Centre maintains a database of all ISSNs assigned worldwide, the ISDS Register (International Serials Data System), otherwise known as the ISSN Register . At the end of 2016, the ISSN Register contained records for 1,943,572 items. The Register

2450-449: The top forms of media that people use in the twenty-first century. The percent of people that use social media and social networking outlets rose dramatically from 5% in 2005 to 79% in 2019. Instagram , Twitter , Pinterest , Tiktok , and Facebook are the most commonly used social media platforms. The average time that an individual spends on social media is 2.5 hours a day. This exponential increase of social media has additionally caused

2500-493: The understanding of how gaming and players can help advance scientific research via communication through games. A vBook is an eBook that is digital first media with embedded video , images , graphs , tables , text , and other useful media. E-Book An E-book combines reading and listening media interaction. It is compact and can store a large amount of data which has made them very popular in classrooms. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from

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