Hochschule ( German: [ˈhoːxˌʃuːlə] , plural: Hochschulen ) is the generic term in German for institutions of higher education , corresponding to universities and colleges in English. The term Universität (plural: Universitäten ) is reserved for institutions with the right to confer doctorates . In contrast, Hochschule encompasses Universitäten as well as institutions that are not authorized to confer doctorates.
34-759: Roughly equivalent terms to Hochschule are used in some other European countries, such as högskola in Sweden and Finland, hogeschool in the Netherlands and Flanders, and főiskola (literally "main school") in Hungary , as well as in post-Soviet countries (deriving from высшее учебное заведение ) in Central Europe, in Bulgaria ( висше училище ) and Romania . The German education system knows two different types of universities, which do not have
68-454: A Berufsakademie is not a Hochschule by either of the definitions because the bachelor's degrees conferred by such are professional degrees, which are de jure not academic degrees. However the state of Baden-Württemberg , from where this type of tertiary sector education originally emerged, has recently elevated these institutions to the status of a Hochschule as Baden-Württemberg Cooperative State University . The degrees awarded by
102-627: A 1025 CE medical encyclopedia by Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna) Canon Yaoundé , a Cameroonian association football club based in the capital city of Yaoundé Canons High School , Edgware, Greater London See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Look up Canonical in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Canaan , a region in the Ancient Near East Cannon (disambiguation) Canonical , standard or referential form; includes many examples of canons Canonization ,
136-477: A 1964 Canadian animated short Canon (game) , an online browser-based strategy war game Canon (manga) , by Nikki Canonical plays of William Shakespeare The Canon (Natalie Angier book) , a 2007 science book by Natalie Angier The Canon (podcast) , concerning film The Cannons , an indie band Brands and enterprises [ edit ] Canon Inc. , a Japanese imaging and optical products corporation Château Canon (disambiguation) ,
170-566: A certain country's educational system is therefore difficult. The UK once had a very extensive vocational university sector with its polytechnic system dating back to the mid-19th century. Vocational universities are often regulated and funded differently (for example, by the local government rather than the state) from research-focused universities, and the degrees granted are not necessarily interchangeable. The education at vocational universities combines teaching of both practical skills and theoretical expertise. It can be contrasted with education in
204-403: A number of German Fachhochschulen opted to name themselves Hochschule or Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften (university of applied sciences) rather than Fachhochschule . Additionally, there are specialized Hochschulen which focus on a particular set of disciplines, e.g., Kunsthochschulen (art schools), and share the same legal status as regular universities. In most German states,
238-556: A number of wineries UBM Canon , a media company headquartered in Los Angeles People [ edit ] Canon (rapper) (born Aaron McCain, 1989) Fernando Canon (1860–1938), Filipino revolutionary general, poet, inventor, engineer, musician and chess player Lou Canon , stage name of Leanne Greyerbiehl, a Canadian indie pop singer-songwriter Places [ edit ] Canon, Georgia , United States Canons Park , London, United Kingdom Canon Row ,
272-769: A practical profile. They focus primarily on teaching the practicing of a profession at the highest professional level and applied science research, at the state of the art. This as opposed to research universities (Dutch: "universiteiten"), that focus on the highest level of professional practice, as well as practicing theoretical research. This so-called binary system of professional and academic education co-exists with upper secondary vocational education, which provides vocational education at EQF levels 1-4 for equal, similar or different professions. Universities of applied sciences offer associate's degrees , bachelor's degrees and master's degrees . From 2022 onward there will be pilots on Professional Doctorates . Hogescholen in
306-695: A rule Canon (hymnography) , a kind of hymn in Eastern Orthodox Christianity Pāli Canon , scriptures of Theravāda Buddhism (these include the Sutta Pitaka , the Vinaya Pitaka and the Abhidhamma Pitaka ) Other uses [ edit ] Canon (basic principle) , an accepted body of rules Canon, in bellfounding , one or more hanging loops cast integrally with the crown The Canon of Medicine ,
340-536: A set of texts regarded by a Christian or Jewish community as part of the Bible Canon law , the whole judicial system in Christian churches Canon (canon law) , a law or ordinance promulgated by a synod, ecumenical council, or individual bishop (within the canon law system of that Church). Canon (clergy) , a title of certain Christian priests Canon regular , a priest who lives in community under
374-659: A street in Westminster, London Cañon City, Colorado , United States Cañon Fiord , on Ellesmere Island in Nunavut, Canada Canon Rock , an island in Northern Ireland Religion [ edit ] Religious text § Authority of religious texts : some religious texts are accepted or categorized as canonical, some non-canonical, and others extracanonical, semi-canonical, deutero-canonical, pre-canonical or post-canonical Biblical canon ,
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#1732766072982408-594: A usually broader scientific field, which may concentrate on theory and abstract conceptual knowledge. There is also the historical background that an educational institution was called a university in the Middle Ages only if a certain classical canon of subjects was taught (typically including philosophy , medicine and theology ). In modern times, other subjects, namely natural and engineering sciences, became more important, but institutions of tertiary education focusing on these subjects and not offering
442-471: Is a public university administrated by Ministry of Science, Research and Technology with various branches all over the Provinces of Iran. This university helps to increase skill level of employed personnel in various sectors of economic field and graduates of higher education and professional skills that are lacking in administrative. It is an educational system inspired and derived from 'Community College' in
476-506: Is also called university of cooperative education , but a Duale Hochschule also offers master's degrees. In Greece, comparable institutions to the vocational universities (or perhaps better to the universities of applied sciences) are the technological educational institutes (TEIs). These constitute part and parcel of the higher education in Greece and offer in their own capacity bachelor's and master's degrees, and soon doctorate degrees. On
510-593: Is an Italian tertiary educational institution. They were established in 2008, and are modelled on the Fachhochschule system of Germany. Programs have a duration of two or three years, and require a high school degree for access. As of January 29, 2008, a Dutch hogeschool (HBO) may call itself a "university of applied sciences" in English. Just like the German 'Fachhochschule', these HBO institutes firstly have
544-586: Is home to the largest vocational education system in the world. In 2018, Mainland China had a total of about 11,700 vocational schools. Examples: In the 2023 Policy Address , the government facilitates the establishment of universities of applied sciences (UAS), and strive to raise the status of vocational and professional education and training to attain qualifications at university degree level, closely collaborating with technical professions and offer programmes with more internship and practical learning opportunities, to help students hone their practical skills in
578-492: Is much more prestigious than "university". A " Grande École " is one of the types of higher education institution that can be similar to vocational universities, along with Universities of Technology (UTs) and National Polytechnic Institutes (INPs). According to Campus France , the government agency responsible for promoting French higher education abroad, the grandes écoles represent "the French culture of excellence", while
612-676: Is one of the largest universities in Iran. There are five public vocational universities in Malaysia : In 2009, the first University of Vocational Technology was established under the purview of the Ministry of Vocational and Technical Training. There are also nine College of Technology in Sri Lanka. In Taiwan, vocational university is called University of science and technology or University of technology . canon From Misplaced Pages,
646-1051: The University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna , Austria (Universität für Musik und darstellende Kunst Wien, formerly Hochschule für Musik und Darstellende Kunst Wien), or the Örebro University , Sweden (formerly Örebro Högskola). There are also some establishments which now have full university status but continue to use their former names, such as the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm , Sweden . In Finland, vocational universities are called Ammattikorkeakoulu (Yrkeshögskola in Swedish, translated "university of applied sciences", literally "vocational high school"). They focus on vocational education and do not grant licentiate or doctorate degrees. Certain universities are called korkeakoulu because they effectively have only one faculty, e.g. Teatterikorkeakoulu ,
680-469: The Netherlands have been provided with the right to conduct research by the revised Higher Education and Research Act (WHOO) 2010. The main difference between universities (universitet) and vocational universities (högskola, official translation university college ) is that only the former ones have the right to award doctorate degrees in all subjects they offer. Some vocational universities have been given such rights within limited areas of research. China
714-528: The Theatre Academy, whereas universities with several faculties are called yliopisto . The term ammattikorkeakoulu (AMK) creates some confusion with korkeakoulu , because traditionally AMK's were not considered universities. A graduate of university of applied sciences ( ammattikorkeakoulu ) is eligible for doctoral studies in Finnish universities ( yliopisto ). In France, the term " Grande École "
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#1732766072982748-509: The United States. With more than 1500 education center in all corner of Iran. UAST confers degrees in over 100 programs at the associate, bachelor's and master's degree levels. The Technical and Vocational University ( TVU ) is one of Institutes of Higher Education under control of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. The university has more than 176 schools and colleges across the country and more than 220 thousand students
782-692: The act of a pope's declaring a deceased person a saint Canyon (disambiguation) Kanon (disambiguation) Kanoon (disambiguation) Qanun (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Canon . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canon&oldid=1227954300 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description
816-575: The body of high culture literature, music, philosophy, and works of art that is highly valued in the West Canon of proportions , a formally codified set of criteria deemed mandatory for a particular artistic style of figurative art Canon (music) , a type of composition Canon (hymnography) , a type of hymn used in Eastern Orthodox Christianity. Canon (album) , a 2007 album by Ani DiFranco Canon (film) ,
850-1044: The classical canon have been until recently or are still denied the prestigious denomination "university" in all countries. They had to use other, more general terms (which in many languages are false friends of the English term "high school", sometimes with modifiers), including Fachhochschule in German , Haute École in French ( Belgium and Switzerland ), Hogeschool in Dutch , Høyskole in Norwegian , Scuola universitaria professionale in Italian , etc. There are different varieties, including vocational universities of applied sciences (also named polytechnics or institutes of technology ), vocational universities of liberal arts, etc. In recent years, many vocational universities have received full university status, such as
884-644: The fields. At 11 November, 2024, the government launched the Alliance of Universities of Applied Sciences, comprising four post-secondary institutions as founding members, with the Hong Kong Metropolitan University and Saint Francis University as full members, and Tung Wah College and the Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong as associate members. The University of Applied Science and Technology ( UAST )
918-443: The 💕 Not to be confused with Cannon or Cañon . [REDACTED] Look up canon or Canon in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Canon or Canons may refer to: Arts and entertainment [ edit ] Canon (fiction) , the material accepted as officially written by an author or an ascribed author Literary canon , an accepted body of works considered as high culture Western canon ,
952-510: The latter are academic degrees and equivalent to those awarded by Fachhochschulen and regular universities. Vocational university#Netherlands A vocational university or university of applied sciences ( UAS ), less commonly called a polytechnic university is an institution of higher education and increasingly research that provides applied professional education and grants academic degrees . It should not be confused with vocational schools or technical schools that do not meet
986-637: The other hand, the term college in Greece may refer, among others, to the institutions that are officially titled Centres of Post-lyceum (secondary) Education. These have a solely professional, i.e. non-academic, orientation according to existing Greek law, and are so far only private. However, they run in collaboration with foreign authorities, such as universities and accreditation organisations, that may recognise them academically. They may offer professional bachelor degrees of minimum three years, as well as master's and doctorate degrees. An Istituto tecnico superiore (abbreviated ITS – Higher Technical Institute)
1020-432: The permission to grant doctoral degrees (e.g. Hesse or Saxony Anhalt). Otherwise, doctoral programs must be carried out in cooperation with degree-awarding institutions such as universities. Furthermore, Berufsakademie is a college type strongly inspired by the dual education system . A Berufsakademie is called a university of cooperative education in English and only grants bachelor's degrees. This type of institution
1054-554: The same legal status. The term Hochschule can be used to refer to all institutions of higher education in Germany that confer academic degrees , that is both regular universities ( Universitäten ) and Fachhochschulen . Rather than as an umbrella term, Hochschule is also increasingly used as a specialized term, i.e. for institutions that: Institutions that are called Hochschule meet one or more of these criteria, which differentiate them from an Universität . In recent years,
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1088-399: The strict standards of higher education nor have the ability to grant officially accredited academic degrees. In some countries, a vocational university more precisely grants professional degrees like professional bachelor's degree, professional master's degree and professional doctorates. The term is not officially used in many countries, and an assignment to a certain type of university in
1122-418: The universities offer higher education to all. The term vocational university is not used. In contrast to traditional German universities, a Fachhochschule (translated "university of applied sciences") has a more practical profile. Universities of applied sciences grant academic bachelor's degrees and master's degrees . In some federal states, research-intensive universities of applied sciences have
1156-459: Was first created in the German state of Baden-Württemberg and now exists in Hamburg , Hesse , Lower Saxony , Saarland , Saxony , Schleswig-Holstein , and Thuringia , but not in the other German states. In 2009, Baden-Württemberg transformed its Berufsakademie into a new type of institution, which until now only exists in that state, a "Duale Hochschule". In English, this type of institution
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