67-814: [REDACTED] Look up homefront in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A home front or homefront is the civilian populace of the nation at war as an active support system for its military. Home fronts in wars [ edit ] American Civil War Economic history of the American Civil War Economy of the Confederate States of America Home front during World War I German occupation of Belgium during World War I Economic history of World War I History of Germany during World War I#Home front History of
134-527: A 1943 animated short in the Private Snafu series Home Front (1988 film) , a 1988 British television film by Nick McCarty in the anthology series ScreenPlay Homefront (2013 film) , an American action-thriller directed by Gary Fleder Home Front (2020 film) , a French drama directed by Lucas Belvaux Literature [ edit ] Homefront , a 1986 book by Patti Davis, née Reagan; see Patti Davis § Bibliography Homefront ,
201-465: A 1943 animated short in the Private Snafu series Home Front (1988 film) , a 1988 British television film by Nick McCarty in the anthology series ScreenPlay Homefront (2013 film) , an American action-thriller directed by Gary Fleder Home Front (2020 film) , a French drama directed by Lucas Belvaux Literature [ edit ] Homefront , a 1986 book by Patti Davis, née Reagan; see Patti Davis § Bibliography Homefront ,
268-467: A 2005 novel by Chuck Logan The Home Front , a 1932 book by Sylvia Pankhurst " Mars: The Home Front ", a 1996 short story by George Alec Effinger Music [ edit ] Home Front (band) , a Canadian post-punk musical group of the 2020s Radio [ edit ] Home Front (BBC radio series) , BBC Radio 4 drama set in Britain during World War I Homefront , the former title of
335-412: A 2005 novel by Chuck Logan The Home Front , a 1932 book by Sylvia Pankhurst " Mars: The Home Front ", a 1996 short story by George Alec Effinger Music [ edit ] Home Front (band) , a Canadian post-punk musical group of the 2020s Radio [ edit ] Home Front (BBC radio series) , BBC Radio 4 drama set in Britain during World War I Homefront , the former title of
402-976: A conference, inviting representatives of the Shop Stewards Movement , the CPGB, the Scottish Worker's Committee and the Glasgow Communist Group . All the groups at the conference bar Guy Aldred 's Glasgow Communist Group agreed to merge with the Communist Party of Great Britain in January 1921. In the interim, in October 1920, she had been arrested in the offices of the Dreadnought and sentenced to six months for calling on dockers not to load arms for shipment to
469-521: A deputation of East London women. Asquith met the deputation of six working mothers. After listening to them pay tribute to the work Pankhurst had done "in arousing the women of the East End to the importance of the vote in their daily lives", and describe their hardships, the Prime Minister reiterated the government's position: votes for women would have to await a general democratic reform of
536-578: A factor in the development of African nationalism , and of the Rastafari movement in Jamaica . Estelle Sylvia Pankhurst (she later dropped her first forename) was born at Drayton Terrace, Old Trafford , Manchester , to Emmeline Pankhurst ( née Goulden) and Dr. Richard Pankhurst . Dr Pankhurst had been a founding member in 1872 of the National Society for Women's Suffrage , and played
603-625: A feature of the New World as the Old. She related her experience of going into factories, workshops, workhouses and prisons, of observing the application of Taylorist principles (rendering workers "part of the machinery"), and of witnessing in the South the virtual criminalisation of African Americans . In January 1911, she was in Chicago. A strike wave, which had begun in 1909 with "the uprising of
670-609: A first show of independence, and with the support of Keir Hardie , Julia Scurr , Eveline Haverfield , Nellie Cressall , and George Lansbury , Pankhurst renamed the East London Federation of the WPSU, the East London Federation of Suffragettes . Although it was to remain a women's—and women-led—emancipatory movement, it was opened to trade unionists and to men. Pankhurst noted that "the East End
737-600: A group of ILP women that women had to do the work of emancipation themselves, and that they needed a movement free of party affiliation. In 1906, Sylvia Pankhurst started to work full-time for WSPU, with Christabel and their mother. She devised the WSPU logo and various leaflets, banners, and posters as well as the decoration of its meeting halls. In 1907 she toured industrial towns in England and Scotland, painting portraits of working-class women in their working environments. She
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#1732781011813804-978: A period in Russell Square in London, hosted radical intelligentsia from both Britain and abroad. These included the Russian anarchist Peter Kropotkin , the Communard Louise Michel , and the Fabian Annie Besant . In 1893, Pankhurst's parents joined the Scottish miner Keir Hardie , a family friend, as founding members of the Independent Labour Party (ILP) . Pankhurst and her sisters, Christabel and Adela , attended Manchester High School for Girls . In 1903, Pankhurst went on to train as an artist at
871-478: A role in drafting legislation that gave unmarried women householders a vote in local elections, and married women control over their property and earnings. According to his daughter, he was also distinguished by his support for Irish Home Rule , being "the first English Parliamentary candidate to pledge himself to Irish self-government when he stood at a by-election in Manchester in 1883". The family home, for
938-632: A toy-making cooperative (whose product was in high demand in West-End shops), and (in what had been a pub converted from the Gunmakers' Arms to the Mothers ' Arms) childcare offered on Montessori principles, a home visiting centre, and free medical care and advice. Not wishing to be diverted by actions that might be interpreted as charity (and for which wealthy patrons had to be solicited), Pankhurst had misgivings. She feared that "organised relief, even
1005-680: A twenty-year-old Elizabeth Gurley Flynn . A year later, Flynn was to be the "Bread and Roses" strategist for the Industrial Workers of the World in the Lawrence textile strike . Back in New York City at the beginning of 1912, Pankhurst observed in laundry workers the same ability to overcome through collective action the racial, ethnic and sexual divisions systematically exploited by employers. In Chicago, Pankhurst had been in
1072-701: A wartime political truce with the government, caused her to break with the suffragette leadership of her mother and sister, Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst . Pankhurst welcomed the Russian Revolution and consulted in Moscow with Lenin . But as an advocate of workers' control , she rejected the Leninist party line and criticised the Bolshevik regime. Pankhurst was vocal in her support for Irish independence ; for anti-colonial struggle throughout
1139-455: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages homefront [REDACTED] Look up homefront in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A home front or homefront is the civilian populace of the nation at war as an active support system for its military. Home fronts in wars [ edit ] American Civil War Economic history of
1206-563: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Sylvia Pankhurst Estelle Sylvia Pankhurst (5 May 1882 – 27 September 1960) was an English feminist and socialist , activist and writer. Following encounters with women-led labour activism in the United States , she worked to organise working-class women in London's East End . This, together with her refusal in 1914 to enter into
1273-454: Is the duty of the richer and more fortunate women to win the Vote, and that their poorer sisters need not feel themselves called upon to aid in the struggle appear, in using such arguments, to forget that it is the Vote for which we are fighting. The essential principle of the vote is that each one of us shall have a share of power to help himself or herself and us all. It is in direct opposition to
1340-597: The British Empire ; and for anti- fascist solidarity in Europe. Following its invasion by Italy in 1935 , she was devoted to the cause of Ethiopia where, after the Second World War , she spent her remaining years as a guest of the restored emperor Haile Selassie . The international circulation of her pan-Africanist weekly The New Times and Ethiopia News was regarded by British colonial authorities as
1407-680: The British Socialist Party in August 1920 (with Montefiore on its provisional council), that gained Moscow's approval. In July, Pankhurst had smuggled herself into Soviet Russia to attend the Second Congress of the Comintern . There Lenin personally persuaded her that her objections were less important than unity, and that it would be possible for her to maintain a platform within the CPGB. On her return, Pankhurst
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#17327810118131474-620: The February 1917 Revolution to rally support for the country's continued participation in the war. The 28 July 1917 edition of her paper appeared under a new title Worker's Dreadnought —WSF members "realised that solidarity between men and women was essential if they were going to win their fight"— and with a new strap-line, "Socialism. Internationalism, Votes for All". It printed, three days in advance of The Times , Siegfried Sassoon 's "wilful defiance of military authority": his statement that having become "a War of aggression and conquest",
1541-613: The Manchester School of Art . While completing an ILP commission to paint murals in a social hall the party had built in Salford, Pankhurst discovered that the hall, named after her father, would not admit women. It was an episode that helped convince her elder sister, Christabel, of the need for women to organise independently. In 1904, Pankhurst won a scholarship to the Royal College of Art (RCA) in London, but she
1608-514: The Prime Minister H. H. Asquith 's visit to the Irish capital. They had thrown a hatchet, to which a suffrage message was attached, into the carriage in which he was travelling with John Redmond and had attempted to set fire to the theatre in which the Prime Minister was to speak. Between February 1913 and August 1914, Sylvia was arrested eight times for protest actions in London. After
1675-576: The anti-Bolshevik forces in Russia. Pankhurst said she considered a hunger strike but was afraid the weapon was no longer available as the government had just allowed Terence MacSwiney , Sinn Féin mayor of Cork , to die in Brixton Prison . While in Holloway , Pankhurst wrote poems published in 1922 as Writ on Cold Slate . "Above all" they are the stories of her cellmates – "the young and
1742-574: The "guiding and co-ordinating machinery" for a socialist transformation, Pankhurst refused an invitation to stand for the Sheffield Hallam constituency in the December 1918 "Coupon election ". The WSF did go on to support other socialist candidates, but claimed to do so merely to "make propaganda ... for "the Soviet system [in which] those who make the laws are delegates chosen from amongst
1809-453: The 20,000" mostly immigrant, Jewish women workers in the sweatshops of New York, had spread to the city's clothing workers. Union pickets had been beaten and arrested. Two had been shot dead. Pankhurst visited strikers in their police cells, and observed that their conditions were as bad anything suffragettes had been subject to in Britain. That same month, in New York City, she met the pioneer socialist feminist Margaret Sanger , together with
1876-1234: The American Civil War Economy of the Confederate States of America Home front during World War I German occupation of Belgium during World War I Economic history of World War I History of Germany during World War I#Home front History of the United Kingdom during the First World War United States home front during World War I Home front during World War II Australian home front during World War II German occupation of Belgium during World War II Canada in World War II#Home front German military administration in occupied France during World War II Vichy France Nazi Germany Netherlands in World War II Pacific Islands home front during World War II Occupation of Poland (1939–1945) Polish culture during World War II United Kingdom home front during World War II United States home front during World War II Women in
1943-555: The Bolsheviks had betrayed the revolution. She had also opened the Dreadnought to Alexandra Kollontai 's "The Workers' Opposition", a critique of the developing Soviet bureaucracy, and to appeals from anarchists in Bolshevik prisons. By July 1923, Pankhurst concluded that "the term 'dictatorship of the proletariat' has been used to justify the dictatorship of a party clique of officials over their own party members and over
2010-636: The CPGB, and was expelled. In an "Open Letter to Lenin" in November, Pankhurst warned that the Bolsheviks had begun to "desert communism" and, by default, were opening Europe to path taken in Italy by the Fascisti . She had serialised Rosa Luxemburg 's 1918 critique of Bolshevik policy, and had herself repeated Luxemburg's charge that in sanctioning the division of the land into small peasant holdings,
2077-740: The Communist Workers' Party (CWP). When in July 1923 the CWP announced its campaign to build the AWRU, it was with the admission that they had no funds and very few people. It had managed to established just three branches outside London, in Sheffield, Plymouth and Portsmouth. Despite optimism concerning a rise in revolutionary sentiment, by the end of 1923 the CWP had dissolved. On 14 June 1924, Workers' Dreadnought itself ceased publication. This
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2144-578: The Dublin workers at the Albert Hall. The ELFS supported labour struggles and organised rent strikes. The United Kingdom declaration of war upon Germany on 4 August 1914 found Pankhurst in Dublin investigating the Bachelor's Walk massacre . After allowing the initial popular enthusiasm for the war to pass, Pankhurst (who on 8 August decried the "heedless" rush to war of "men-made governments") and
2211-664: The United Kingdom during the First World War United States home front during World War I Home front during World War II Australian home front during World War II German occupation of Belgium during World War II Canada in World War II#Home front German military administration in occupied France during World War II Vichy France Nazi Germany Netherlands in World War II Pacific Islands home front during World War II Occupation of Poland (1939–1945) Polish culture during World War II United Kingdom home front during World War II United States home front during World War II Women in
2278-512: The WSF campaigned against conscription and in solidarity with conscientious objectors . These were positions for which she was attacked in the WSPU newspaper, patriotically renamed Britannia . Pankhurst retained the confidence of some WSPU veterans. She was invited by Elizabeth McCracken to Belfast , where Christabel's wartime directive had put a halt to a particularly militant campaign, to speak in support of equal pay for women doing war work. It
2345-628: The WSF co-hosted the inaugural meeting conference of the Communist Party (BSTI) . In preparation for the meeting, Pankhurst published a manifesto in the Workers' Dreadnought. Rather than the developing Leninist model of the party-state and centrally planned economy , it embraced ideas closer to the councilism of the Dutch revolutionary Marxist Antonie Pannekoek and to the anarcho-syndicalism of her partner Silvio Corio . Her contribution
2412-737: The Women's Militant Suffrage Movement . It included her witness account of Black Friday 18 November 1910, in which 300 women marched to the Houses of Parliament as part of their campaign to press for voting rights under the Conciliation Bill , and were met with violence, some of it sexual, from the Metropolitan Police and male bystanders. In 1912, Pankhurst led a march on Mountjoy Prison in Dublin in solidarity with two English WPSU militants who had violently sought to disrupt
2479-619: The World Wars Women in World War I Women in World War II Military [ edit ] Home Front Command , an Israeli military command Operation Homefront , a U.S. non-profit for supporting military families Arts, entertainment, media [ edit ] Film [ edit ] The Home Front (1940 film) , a Canadian documentary short directed by Stanley Hawes The Home Front ,
2546-422: The World Wars Women in World War I Women in World War II Military [ edit ] Home Front Command , an Israeli military command Operation Homefront , a U.S. non-profit for supporting military families Arts, entertainment, media [ edit ] Film [ edit ] The Home Front (1940 film) , a Canadian documentary short directed by Stanley Hawes The Home Front ,
2613-603: The company of Zelie Passavant Emerson . Emerson had come to the Women's Trade Union League from the settlement house movement. Pankhurst had encountered settlement houses in England: as a child she had visited the first of these, Ancoats Brotherhood in Manchester. But in their outreach to women as both domestic and wage workers, in America she saw a potentially potent form of women-led activism. Returning to London with Emerson, it
2680-460: The conflict was being "deliberately prolonged by those who have the power to end it". It led to a police raid on the paper's offices. The issue of 6 October 1917 advocating a peace referendum among the troops, was destroyed and the type broken up. In May 1918, the WSF, in line with the paper, was renamed the Workers' Socialist Federation . Reflecting her growing belief, in the wake of the October Revolution in Russia, that only Soviets could form
2747-563: The example in Germany of the General Workers' Union (AAUD), and on the principle, advanced by Antonie Pannekoek , that Communism can be achieved only by workers "acting where they stand in the process of production", the Dreadnought group called for an "All-Workers Revolutionary Union" (AWRU). This was to organise on industrial unionist lines, with recallable delegates elected, in rising succession, from workshops, factories, districts, and regions to national councils. With this One Big Union programme, in February 1922 they formed themselves as
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2814-481: The franchise. That did not occur until 1918 , with votes extended to married, property owning women over thirty. Full voting equality took another ten years . Pankhurst undertook two speaking tours in the United States: in the first three months of 1911 and again at the beginning of 1912. Writing letters home, mostly to Keir Hardie, she described herself as having to persuade her largely middle-class hosts that sweated female labour and mother-child poverty were as much
2881-408: The idea that some few, who are more favoured, shall help and teach and patronize the others. This "struck a strong chord with many women socialists of an earlier generation who had serious reservations about the WSPU". Amy Hicks , a veteran of the Social Democratic Federation , supported the ELFS from its start; as did Dora Montefiore who had left the WSPU in 1906, and had also spoken on behalf of
2948-497: The kindliest and most understanding, might introduce some savour of patronage or condescension, and mar our affectionate comradeship, in which we were all equals". Mitigation was sought in a policy of paying women not less than the minimum wage paid to men in the area and by creating the separate League of Rights for Soldiers' and Sailors' Wives and Relatives, in which women who wished to challenge government benefit decisions were encouraged to act collectively. Pankhurst later wrote: It
3015-475: The men and women of the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union locked-out by Dublin employers . In January 1914, accompanied by Nora Smyth , Pankhurst visited her sister Christabel in Paris , where she was taking refuge from the Cat and Mouse Act , to discuss the future of the ELFS. Christabel was insistent upon an independent, women-only WPSU, and was incredulous at her sister's unwillingness to attack socialists unpledged to women's suffrage. Pankhurst
3082-426: The newspaper first appeared as The Woman's Dreadnought . Nora Smyth (who helped pay the bills) and Mary Phillips were the principal contributors, with Smyth illustrating the paper with her photographs of domestic East End poverty. In the first edition of the paper (8 March 1914), Pankhurst's editorial defended their insistence on building a working-class suffragette campaign: Those Suffragists who say that it
3149-423: The old, the homeless and the hungry, mothers, pregnant women and babies born in captivity – 'dregs from the ancient system's wheel of waste'". In September 1921, arguing that there had to be "free expression and circulation of opinion within the Party" and "an independent Communist voice, free to express its mind unhampered by Party discipline", Pankhurst refused to hand over control of the Workers Dreadnought to
3216-486: The passing of the so-called Cat and Mouse Act , she would be released for short periods to recuperate from hunger striking. Supporters would carry her back to her home and offices in Old Ford Street, Bow , where, when the police came to re-arrest her, street battles would ensue. In June 1914, supporters carried her to the entrance to the Strangers' Gallery of the House of Commons where she announced that she would continue her hunger strike until Asquith agreed to receive
3283-582: The people at large". Socialism, as interpreted by the Bolsheviks, had been stripped of its emancipatory promise. In one of her last contributions to Dreadnought on the subject of Soviet regime she wrote: The Bolsheviks pose now as the prophets of centralised efficiency, trustification, State control and the discipline of the proletariat in the name of increased production... Russian workers remain wage slaves, and very poor ones, working, not from free will, but under compulsion of economic need, and kept in their subordinate position by ... State coercion. Stirred by
3350-458: The radio program, Today's Homeowner with Danny Lipford Television [ edit ] TV shows [ edit ] Home Front (TV series) , a lifestyle television series airing on TVNZ's channel Television One Homefront (1994 TV series) , British BBC TV show series about interior design Homefront (American TV series) , 1990s American ABC TV show series set in the 1940s Homefront (2012 TV series) , British ITV drama about
3417-458: The radio program, Today's Homeowner with Danny Lipford Television [ edit ] TV shows [ edit ] Home Front (TV series) , a lifestyle television series airing on TVNZ's channel Television One Homefront (1994 TV series) , British BBC TV show series about interior design Homefront (American TV series) , 1990s American ABC TV show series set in the 1940s Homefront (2012 TV series) , British ITV drama about
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#17327810118133484-415: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Homefront . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homefront&oldid=1223018956 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
3551-415: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Homefront . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homefront&oldid=1223018956 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
3618-602: The science fiction television series The 4400 Video games [ edit ] Homefront (video game) , a video game released in 2011 Homefront: The Revolution , a 2016 video game (a reboot of the first Homefront ) See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Search for "homefront" or "home-front" on Misplaced Pages. All pages with titles beginning with Home Front All pages with titles beginning with Homefront All pages with titles containing home front All pages with titles containing homefront Topics referred to by
3685-602: The science fiction television series The 4400 Video games [ edit ] Homefront (video game) , a video game released in 2011 Homefront: The Revolution , a 2016 video game (a reboot of the first Homefront ) See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Search for "homefront" or "home-front" on Misplaced Pages. All pages with titles beginning with Home Front All pages with titles beginning with Homefront All pages with titles containing home front All pages with titles containing homefront Topics referred to by
3752-440: The wives of soldiers fighting in Afghanistan TV episodes [ edit ] "Homefront" ( Brothers & Sisters episode) , episode of Brothers & Sisters TV series "Homefront" ( Star Trek: Deep Space Nine ) , episode from the fourth season of the television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine "Homefront", episode from the thirteen season of the television series NCIS "The Home Front" (The 4400) , episode of
3819-440: The wives of soldiers fighting in Afghanistan TV episodes [ edit ] "Homefront" ( Brothers & Sisters episode) , episode of Brothers & Sisters TV series "Homefront" ( Star Trek: Deep Space Nine ) , episode from the fourth season of the television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine "Homefront", episode from the thirteen season of the television series NCIS "The Home Front" (The 4400) , episode of
3886-422: The workers themselves". Defunct By March 1919, Pankhurst was insisting that the choice was clear: socialists had to build "an industrial republic on Soviet lines," and abandon the Parliamentary system. Lenin , who in his 1920 thesis Left-Wing Communism: An Infantile Disorder profiled the WSF, advised Pankhurst that, tactically, the blanket rejection of parliamentarianism is a "mistake". In June 1920,
3953-433: Was a demand Pankhurst championed along with universal food rationing, debt relief and improved allowances for soldiers wives. By helping to shift some the costs of the war off the back of women and poor, she believed that these were measures that might hasten its end. At the same time, in the East End docks community, the ELFS/WSF sought to offer women practical assistance. They organised "cost-price" canteens, employment in
4020-437: Was an example she sought to replicate in London's East End. Before being followed back to England by Emerson, in April 1912 Pankhurst joined the funeral procession in New York City for the 146 garment workers killed in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire . Speaking beside labour organiser Rose Schneiderman , she said that their deaths were the result of working-class people being denied the right to represent themselves. In
4087-431: Was equally insistent on supporting popular and labour struggles, and critical of what she considered to the WPSU's social elitism. The sisters agreed that they and their organisations should go their separate ways. From the East London Federation of Suffragettes, in 1914 Pankhurst formed the Workers' Suffrage Federation . At the suggestion of Emerson , Pankhurst started a WSF paper. Provisionally titled Workers' Mate ,
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#17327810118134154-452: Was incensed to learn that of 16 scholarships awarded by the college each year, 13 were reserved for men, and that, in response to a parliamentary question, Keir Hardie should be told that the authorities "did not contemplate any change". The Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) was founded as an independent women's movement on 10 October 1903 in the family's Nelson Street home in Manchester. Pankhurst's sister Christabel had persuaded
4221-425: Was later to write that she witnessed "so much distress", that she felt unable to return to her "beloved profession". She became a full-time organiser, with Alice Hawkins and Mary Gawthorpe , helping establish the WSPU in Leicester . Pankhurst contributed articles to the WSPU's newspaper, Votes for Women and, in 1911, she published a propagandist history of the WSPU's campaign, The Suffragette: The History of
4288-488: Was my great joy that we were stimulating working women to speak up for themselves and their sort, and to master, despite their busy lives, the intricacies of Royal warrants and Army regulations, so as to secure the promised allowances, such as they were, for themselves and their neighbours. In 1915, Pankhurst supported the International Women's Peace Congress , held at The Hague . Her sister Christabel, meanwhile, seconded British diplomatic efforts, travelling to Russia after
4355-444: Was sufficiently enthused to offer a paean to the new Soviet society: From Russia... I brought away with me a prevailing memory of beautiful, well-grown children and healthy people. It appears that a happy contentment and buoyant, confident enthusiasm is radiating from the active makers of the revolution and builders of the proletarian state, to wider and wider sections of people... In September, with Willie Gallacher Pankhurst called
4422-407: Was the greatest homogeneous working-class area accessible to the House of Commons by popular demonstrations" and proposed that the "creation of a woman's movement in that great abyss of poverty would be a call and a rallying cry to the rise of similar movements in all parts of the country". In this spirit, in November 1913, Pankhurst spoke at the Albert Hall , alongside James Connolly , in support of
4489-428: Was to highlight the potential for extending their models of collective decision-making from the workplace into the domestic sphere. What she called Household Soviets would ensure that "mothers and those who are organisers of the family life of the community" are "adequately represented, and may take their due part in the management of society" In any event, it was the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB), formed by
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