The Red River Delta or Hong River Delta ( Vietnamese : Đồng bằng sông Hồng ) is the flat low-lying plain formed by the Red River and its distributaries merging with the Thái Bình River in Northern Vietnam . Hồng (紅) is a Sino-Vietnamese word for "red" or "crimson". The delta has the smallest area but highest population and population density of all regions . The region, measuring some 15,000 square kilometres (6,000 sq mi) is well protected by a network of dikes . It is an agriculturally rich and densely populated area. Most of the land is devoted to rice cultivation.
21-460: Eight provinces , together with two municipalities (the capital Hanoi , and the port of Haiphong ) form the delta. It had a population of almost 23 million in 2019. In 2021, Paul Sidwell proposed that the locus of Proto- Austroasiatic languages was in this area about 4,000–4,500 years before present. The Hong River Delta is the cradle of the Vietnamese nation. Water puppetry originated in
42-456: A city within a city , is a type of second tier subdivision of Vietnam along with urban district , district , town and provincial city , all of which have equal status. A municipal city is a satellite city of a municipality in Vietnam. Referring to local organizing governance's law which was approved by the thirteenth National Assembly on June 19, 2015, the term "municipal city"
63-525: A People's Committee, which acts as the executive arm of the provincial governance. This arrangement is a somewhat simplified version of the situation in Vietnam's national government . Provincial governments are subordinates to the central government. The executive branch of a province is the People's Committee ( Uỷ ban Nhân dân or UBND for short). The People's Committee is responsible for implementing policy and executing laws and orders. The People's Committee
84-510: Is Bắc Kạn , a mountainous province in the remote northeast with 338,000 people. In land area, the largest province is Nghệ An , which runs from the city of Vinh up the wide Sông Cả valley. The smallest is Bắc Ninh , located in the populous Red River Delta region. The following is a table of Vietnam's provinces broken down by population and area, according to the 2023 Census and the 2018 area data from Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment . The Vietnamese government often groups
105-621: Is divided into 63 first-level subdivisions , comprising fifty-eight provinces ( tỉnh ) and five municipalities under the command of the central government ( Vietnamese : thành phố trực thuộc trung ương ). Municipalities are the highest-ranked cities in Vietnam. Municipalities are centrally-controlled cities and have special status equal to that of the provinces. The provinces are divided into provincial cities ( thành phố thuộc tỉnh ), municipal cities ( thành phố trực thuộc thành phố trung ương ), towns/borough ( thị xã ), urban district ( quận ), and rural districts ( huyện ) as
126-529: Is equivalent to the executive Government of Vietnam . People's Committee also manages the provincial departments ( Sở ) which are equivalent to the Ministries. Members of the People's Committee are called commissioners ( Ủy viên ). The People's Committee is headed by a Chairman ( Chủ tịch ) and Vice Chairmen ( Phó Chủ tịch ), and consists of between 4 and 7 commissioners. The number of commissioners depends on
147-829: Is headed by a Chief Judge ( Chánh án ) and consists of a number of judges ( thẩm phán ). The provincial police department is under direct command of the Ministry of Public Security . Provinces of Vietnam Island areas: *- Bạch Long Vĩ Island ( Haiphong Municipality [3]) **- Phú Quý Islands ( Phú Quý district , Bình Thuận province [46]) ***- Côn Đảo Islands ( Côn Đảo district , Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province [51]) ****- Phú Quốc Island ( Phú Quốc City , Kiên Giang province [58]) *****- Thổ Chu Islands ( Phú Quốc City , Kiên Giang province [58]) ✱- Paracel Islands ( Hoàng Sa district , Đà Nẵng Municipality [4]) ✱✱- Spratly Islands ( Trường Sa district , Khánh Hòa province [43]) According to
168-473: Is the most prominent organ of provincial governance. Each provincial committee of the Communist Party is headed by a Secretary ( Bí thư ). The Secretary is de facto leader of the province. The legislative branch of a province is the People's Council ( Hội đồng Nhân dân or HDND for short). The People's Council votes on the policy, regulations and orders for development of the province. Members of
189-566: The Government's Office concluded that there would be a new expanded Hue City alongside Huong Thuy , Huong Tra , Phong Dien and other districts as satellites. Thua Thien-Hue Province is expected to become a municipality in 2021. In the meeting in July 2020, People's Council of Haiphong city announced that Thuy Nguyen would have a municipal city model before 2030. On 22 February 2022, Party Secretary of Hanoi city Đinh Tiến Dũng had
210-426: The People's Council are called delegates or councillors ( đại biểu ) and are elected by people living within that province. It is equivalent to the legislative National Assembly of Vietnam . The People's Council is headed by a Chairman ( Chủ tịch ) and a Vice Chairman ( Phó Chủ tịch ). The number of councillors varies from province to province, depending on the population of that province. The People's Council appoints
231-480: The census results of April 1, 2023, the population of Vietnam was 103,403,000. The most populous top-level administrative unit is Hồ Chí Minh City , one of the five centrally governed cities , having 9,125,000 people living within its official boundary. The second most populous administrative unit is the recently expanded Hà Nội with 8,146,000 people. Prior to the expansion of the capital city, this rank belonged to Thanh Hóa with 3,689,000 people. The least populous
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#1732772045268252-523: The country's population live there, making it the most densely populated part of the country. 80% of the population are employed in agriculture, but the agricultural lands of the delta amount to only about .3-.5 hectares per household, making the limited supply of arable lands a significant constraint to improving living standards. Agriculturally the Red River Delta is the second most important rice-producing area in Vietnam, accounting for 20% of
273-694: The five largest rivers on the East Asia coast. Its catchment covers parts of China and Vietnam and its water and sediment discharges greatly influence the hydrology in the Gulf of Tonkin. In 2003, of the 78 million people in Vietnam, almost a third (24 million) live in the Red River basin, including over 17 million people in the delta itself. There are many large industrial zones in the Red River Delta clustering in Viet Tri , Hanoi, Haiphong and Nam Dinh . Most of
294-734: The municipality's economic and 4 to 5 percent of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). The project was later also endorsed by prime minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc and guided to the next step. On August 12, 2016, Party Secretary of Hanoi city Hoàng Trung Hải had a meeting with Son Tay 's constituents after the fourteenth National Assembly's first session. At the meeting, Chief of Economic Division of Son Tay Phùng Huy Minh requested to re-establish Son Tay into second satellite city-within-city before 2030. On February 20, 2020, after Prime Minister of Vietnam Nguyễn Xuân Phúc worked with Thừa Thiên-Huế Province to deploy Politburo 's resolution numbered 54 to build and develop Thua Thien – Hue to 2030,
315-692: The national crop. Production of rice is close to optimal with very little yield gap to exploit and employing double cropping techniques to achieve close to maximum yields. However the rich soil of the delta does present a possibility of crop diversification and there is potential for further development of aquaculture. With these developmental pressures the estuarine environment and ecosystem face degradation due to threats of pollution, over-fishing and aquaculture destroying natural habitats. 21°02′N 105°51′E / 21.033°N 105.850°E / 21.033; 105.850 Provinces of Vietnam [REDACTED] Vietnam portal Vietnam
336-410: The population of the province. The chairman and Vice Chairmen of the People's Committee are also councillors of the People's Council. The judiciary branch of a province is the People's Court ( Tòa án Nhân dân or TAND for short). The People's Court is responsible for judiciary processes and trials. The People's Court is equivalent to the judiciary Supreme People's Court of Vietnam . The People's Court
357-450: The population works in rice cultivation but the delta region hosts other important economic activities such as fisheries , aquaculture , land reclamation for agriculture, harbor construction, mangrove forestry , etc. The socio-economic development in the delta is also affected by seasonal storms , flooding , coastal erosion , silting , salt water intrusion , etc. Though the Red River Delta makes up only 5% of Vietnam's land, 30% of
378-689: The rice paddies here. The region was bombed by United States warplanes during the Vietnam War . The region was designated as the Red River Delta Biosphere Reserve as part of UNESCO 's Man and the Biosphere Programme in 2004. Spanning some 150 km in width, the Red River Delta is located in the western coastal zone of the Gulf of Tonkin . The Red River is the second largest river in Vietnam and one of
399-482: The second-tier units. At the third tier, a provincial city or town is divided into wards ( phường ), communes ( xã ), and townships ( thị trấn ). Provincial Committee of the Communist Party ( Đảng bộ Đảng Cộng sản cấp tỉnh or Tỉnh ủy Đảng Cộng sản ) is a provincial subordinate of the Communist Party of Vietnam . Since Vietnam is a one party state, the provincial committee of the Communist Party
420-486: The various provinces into eight regions, which are often grouped into three macro-regions: Northern, Central and Southern. These regions are not always used, and alternative classifications are possible. The regions include: ^† Municipality (thành phố trực thuộc trung ương) Municipal city A municipal city ( Vietnamese : Thành phố thuộc thành phố trực thuộc trung ương , lit. 'City that belongs to Municipality '), commonly known as
441-563: Was available from January 1, 2016. This entity was created to make a new "Urban Governance" project (or Urban Administration model) in Ho Chi Minh City and other cities. Ho Chi Minh City planned to merge 3 districts 2 , 9 , and Thủ Đức to create an innovation city or a city within city called Thủ Đức City , which is expected to be Vietnam's Silicon Valley. This new city would spread over 211 km and more than 1 million people, to contribute around 30 percent of
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