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19-680: The Hathni Kund is a concrete barrage located on the Yamuna River in Yamuna Nagar district of Haryana state, India . It was constructed between October 1996 and June 1999 for the purpose of irrigation. It replaced the Tajewala Barrage 3 km (2 mi) downstream which was constructed in 1873 and is now out of service. The barrage diverts water into the Western and Eastern Yamuna Canals. The small reservoir created by

38-689: A tidal lagoon or estuary as a method to capture tidal power from tidal flows are known as tidal barrages . The English usage of the term barrage originates from the Delta Barrage across the Nile branches north of Cairo, built between 1833 and 1862 by the French Linant de Bellefonds and Eugène Mougel employed by the Egyptian Public Works Department, with assistance from Barthélemy Prosper Enfantin and with

57-414: Is 360 m (1,181 ft) long and its spillway is composed of ten main floodgates along with five undersluices on its right side and three on its left. The maximum discharge of the barrage is 28,200 m/s (995,874 cu ft/s) (1 in 500 year flood). Due to this barrage, 90% of the river volume is diverted leaving only 10% in the original bed flow. Barrage (dam) The term barrage

76-453: Is borrowed from the French word "barrer" meaning "to bar". Barrage dams have a series of gates that control the amount of water passing through. A barrage dam can be used to divert water for irrigation needs or limit the amount of water downstream. In most cases, a barrage dam is built near the mouth of the river. The site of dam construction needs to be thoroughly investigated to ensure that

95-454: Is substantial evidence, including case studies, that points to dam construction having environmental impact , there are also studies that show less damage than expected. Looking at plankton near some dams has shown that plankton is able to continue to live through changes to its habitat. Changes such as the pH levels near dams have been recorded, and plankton was minimally affected. Other species, however, such as trout, are affected more, due to

114-456: Is that a dam is built for water storage in a reservoir , which raises the level of water significantly. A barrage is built for diverting water, and raises the water level by only a few feet. The latter is generally built on flat terrain across wide, often meandering rivers. Similar distinctions are used in Egypt, where it is noted: "In this system a "dam" is a structure that forms a reservoir for

133-568: The World Commission on Dams" . Global Environmental Politics . 23 (2): 11–30. doi : 10.1162/glep_a_00687 . hdl : 10023/26631 . ISSN   1526-3800 . S2CID   254721337 . ^ International Rivers , The World Commission on Dams Framework - a Brief Introduction, February 29, 2008. Archived April 1, 2020, at the Wayback Machine Further reading [ edit ] Dams and Development:

152-481: The barrage also serves as a wetland for 31 species of waterbird. Plans to replace the Tajewala Barrage had been in the works since the early 1970s but an agreement between the governments of Haryana and Himachal Pradesh (which share the water it diverts) was not made until July 1994. Although the barrage was completed in late 1999, it was not operational until March 2002 because of work delays. The barrage

171-783: The blessing of the Egyptian Viceroy of the Ottoman Empire , Muhammad Ali . When the British, after 1882, had to look after these structures generally referred to as barrages , they adopted the term in their language and continued to use it for similar structures built by themselves across the Nile (Zefta Barrage and Assiut Barrage , both completed in 1902). Since the British in the Egyptian Public Works Department kept close relations to their counterparts in British India ,

190-431: The case of dam failure. New designs have been made that are able to sustain greater amounts of water. An improved wedge-shaped block technology was developed by Rafael Moran and Miguel Toledo. The new structure is able to withstand severe flooding and uses less materials, reducing the production cost. Dam construction has several effects on the economy and the environment . Specifically, there are several ways in which

209-412: The environment can be affected by dam construction. Species richness is usually measured to determine the effect of a dam on the ecosystem surrounding it. To observe the species richness, scientists collect data on the fish and animal populations before and after construction of the dam. With that data, they are able to see how the population size increased or decreased. In some cases, it was found that

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228-438: The foundation is strong enough to support the dam and has low possibility of failing. When dams are created, they are given a safety rating depending on the type of dam, location, and the possible effects in case of failure. The ratings are from one to five, five having the highest danger rating. The rating of five would be given to dams built with a town or city downstream, which would have higher possibility of injury to people in

247-435: The newly-built dam. It has been shown that dams can have an effect on the migration of fish, leading to less reproduction. There are many small factors that can have a relatively large effect on the river ecosystems, such as species richness, water volume and nutrient levels. Different experiments have been done that looked into each of these individually and were able to determine why some dams cause such effects. While there

266-492: The physical dam inhibiting their migration and reproduction paths. Barrage dams control the amount of water going through them, leading to differences in the amount of water upstream and downstream from the dam. This discrepancy has different effects on different species native to the area. While there can be reduced flow downstream, there can also be problems upstream. Dams can have buildup of pressure that fish are not accustomed to, and they migrate further upstream, causing part of

285-718: The private sector, professional associations and one government representative, to measure the impacts and effectiveness of large dam development, including the effect on dam affected communities and project developers. It is an example of multistakeholder governance . The ultimate outcome of the WCD was to issue a final report which was launched under the patronage of Nelson Mandela in November 2000. The WCD recommended ten guidelines for dam building. References [ edit ] ^ Schulz, Christopher; Adams, William M. (2023). "The Politics of Environmental Consensus: The Case of

304-473: The river to have reduced population sizes. Although there are environmental effects that come with building new dams, there are also economic benefits from a dam. Without dams, it would be much harder to farm and grow livestock. The irrigation technology that comes with building a dam can exceed the risk factor. According to the World Commission on Dams , a key difference between a dam and a barrage

323-412: The species richness was less downstream from a dam compared to further upstream. Inhibiting the volume of water was shown to be detrimental to species diversity and richness. Also, at the entrance of dams, there are fewer nutrients due to the high-water flow reducing the ecosystem's reproduction standard. Along with species richness, plankton diversity can be an indicator of the ecosystem's ability to handle

342-455: The storage of water during the annual flood period of the Nile in order to supplement the natural flow of the river during the low-water period; a "barrage" merely raises the river or canal level, when necessary, to the height required for adequate flow into the canals that take off above it. Barrages are usually larger than the headworks of irrigation and navigation canals, with which they are associated. Barrages that are commonly used to dam

361-518: The term barrages made its way to present-day India and Pakistan, as well as to the Middle East and thus generally into English. World Commission on Dams The World Commission on Dams ( WCD ) existed between April 1997 and 2001, to research the environmental, social and economic impacts of the development of large dams globally. The self-styled WCD consisted of members of civil society , academia,

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