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25-637: The Hayes River is a river in Northern Manitoba , Canada, that flows from Molson Lake to Hudson Bay at York Factory . It was historically an important river in the development of Canada and is now a Canadian Heritage River and the longest naturally flowing river in Manitoba. The river begins at the northern end of Molson Lake (about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northeast of the northern tip of Lake Winnipeg ) at an elevation of 221 metres (725 ft) and flows northeastward. Near Molson Lake,

50-548: A 80-kilometre (50 mi) stretch the Hayes loses 5/7ths of its elevation in 1/6 of its length. From Swampy Lake it runs through a stretch of rapids, past Brassy Hill, rising 140 metres (459 ft) above the river, and takes in the right tributary High Hill River. The river continues northeast through a small canyon for about 100 kilometres (62 mi), therein passing over the Whitemud Falls and Berwick Falls, and takes in

75-520: A mosaic of stunted black spruce , tamarack , and bogs. The Hayes River became a Canadian Heritage River on June 11, 2006. Today, the river remains untouched. No dams or development mar its course. It is the longest naturally flowing river in Manitoba and therefore a popular recreational canoe route. It offers visitors and local people recreational and heritage experience opportunities including canoeing and boating, hunting, fishing, and learning about Canada’s fur trade. Northern Manitoba There

100-630: A provincial park designated as such under The Provincial Parks Act ; (d) a municipality or local government district; or (e) any area prescribed by the Lieutenant Governor in Council as not being within northern Manitoba for the purposes of this Act. For marketing purposes, Travel Manitoba considers Northern Manitoba to encompass everything north of the 53rd parallel . In contrast, the Look North economic development agency defines

125-459: A total population of 40,572. The largest of these are Norway House 17 and Peguis 1B . The following communities are within the northern Manitoba area: Northern Manitoba is accessed by two Provincial Trunk Highways: PTH 10 to Flin Flon and PTH 6 to Thompson, as well as a network of smaller roads. These are extended in the winter by an additional network of winter roads . Northern Manitoba

150-408: Is composed of four census divisions : 19 and 21–23. Its total population according to the 2016 Census of population was 89,637, 7.0% of Manitoba's total population. The largest municipality is the city of Thompson . Other major population centres include the city of Flin Flon and the town of The Pas . Indian reserves comprise more than 49% of the region's population. There are 54 reserves with

175-815: Is covered by large extents of stunted Black Spruce dominant forest, with association of Tamarack . There are several mammals in the region including the Arctic fox , Beluga whale and Polar bear . The Polar bear has a significant denning area within the Wapusk National Park , from which annual bear migrations to Hudson Bay are made. A single national park, Wapusk National Park ; a provincial forest, Cormorant Provincial Forest ; several ecological reserves; and more than twenty provincial Parks are located in Northern Manitoba. The major economic activities are mining and tourism . The region

200-527: Is no universally accepted definition of Northern Manitoba, but the most detailed description is provided by the Manitoba Indigenous and Northern Relations Department: "Northern Manitoba" means all that part of Manitoba north of the northern boundary of Township 21 that is not included in (a) a wildlife management area or refuge designated as such under The Wildlife Act ; (b) a provincial forest designated as such under The Forest Act ; (c)

225-590: Is served by a single rail line running north from Winnipeg, via eastern Saskatchewan. The Canadian National Railway operates the line as far as The Pas . At The Pas, the line splits into branches. The Keewatin Railway Company owns the branch connecting The Pas to Pukatawagan , while the Hudson Bay Railway operates a cargo-only branch to Flin Flon and a mixed-use branch connecting to Churchill . All rail service between The Pas and Churchill

250-486: The Columbia District at Fort Vancouver to York Factory. The Hayes flows through some of the most pristine natural areas of Manitoba. It is home to polar bear , wolverine , woodland caribou , the ivory gull , sturgeon , brook trout , beluga whales , bald eagles , and moose , as well as a wide range of other wildlife. Travelling downstream, its banks are lined with dense spruce forests, which change to

275-588: The Echimamish River connects with the Hayes. The Echimamish is a river bifurcation that connects the Hayes to the Nelson River , which flows out of Lake Winnipeg. This river connector was used by the voyageurs to travel from York Factory on Hudson Bay, up the Hayes and across to the Nelson and on to Norway House at the north end of Lake Winnipeg. Northeast of Robinson Lake is Robinson Falls and

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300-601: The Hayes River as ancient campsites according to pictographs. It traverses the traditional territory of four First Nations : Norway House Cree Nation , Bunibonibee Cree Nation , Shamattawa First Nation , and York Factory Cree Nation. It continues to be an important source of traditional harvesting for the First Nations. After the arrival of Europeans in North America, the river became an important link in

325-461: The Hayes passes over a series of rapids and via several channels and widens into Swampy Lake. At the east end of Swampy Lake, about 200 kilometres (120 mi) northeast of Molson Lake and 240 kilometres (150 mi) from Hudson bay is the Dramstone where west-bound travelers took a dram to celebrate leaving the most difficult part of the river. Including the rapids downstream from Knee Lake, in

350-737: The North as consisting of Statistics Canada's Census Divisions 19, 21, 22, and 23. There is also a defined territory of responsibility for the Northern Regional Health Authority , which excludes the town of Churchill. Northern Manitoba is mostly pristine wilderness, regardless of the exact boundaries used to define it. It is situated on the Canadian Shield and includes the province's Hudson Bay coastline. Forestry, mining and hydro-electric development are significant economic drivers with long-term consequences to

375-504: The Rivière du Roc. The river's physical characteristics include whitewater rapids , large lake systems, waterfalls, deep valleys and gorges, as well as tidal flats . It is 483 kilometres (300 mi) long, has a mean discharge of 590 cubic metres per second (21,000 cu ft/s), and its drainage basin covers 108,000 square kilometres (42,000 sq mi). Long before Europeans came to Canada, Manitoba First Nations were using

400-512: The development of Canada. In 1684, the Hayes River was named for Sir James Hayes , a Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) charter member and secretary to Prince Rupert , by the French trader and explorer Pierre-Esprit Radisson . At its mouth, the HBC established York Factory in 1684, which served as its North American headquarters until 1957. The Hayes was the main route between York Factory and Norway House in

425-525: The environment in the region. The region has a much higher proportion of Indigenous people than the rest of the province. Manitoba's northern region is mostly within the subarctic climate zone ( Köppen climate classification Dfc ). It also has some Humid Continental (Koppen Dfb) areas in the south. This region features long and extremely cold winters and brief, warm summers with little precipitation. Overnight temperatures as low as −40 °C (−40 °F) occur on several days each winter. This region

450-684: The interior of the continent for explorers, fur traders , voyageurs and European settlers from 1670 to 1870. To get to the Hayes from Norway House required a short trip down the Nelson River, then a turn onto the Echimamish River. This route became the last leg of the York Factory Express known as "the Communication", once that was established in the early 19th century, connecting the HBC regional headquarters of

475-432: The major left tributary Fox River at an elevation of 43 metres (141 ft). The Hayes River continues northeast and takes in the major right tributary Gods River at an elevation of 24 metres (79 ft), and reaches its mouth at Hudson Bay, immediately to the south of the mouth of the larger Nelson River and to the north of the mouth of the smaller Machichi River. 200 kilometres (120 mi) upriver from York Factory

500-491: The mile-long Robinson portage which was the longest portage between Hudson Bay and Edmonton . Somewhere in this area is Hill Gates, a mile-long narrow gorge. Beyond this it cuts across Logan Lake, passes the settlement of Wetikoweskwattam to Opiminegoka Lake, where it takes the northeast-flowing Lawford River, flows through Windy Lake and over Wipanipanis Falls to Oxford Lake. It flows out of the lake at Oxford House then southeast over Trout Falls to Knee Lake . Exiting Knee Lake,

525-563: The shores of Hudson Bay. Under Hayes guidance this in May 1672 became the Hudson's Bay Company with the sole rights to trade in a huge area of North America. He became their first Deputy Governor under Prince Rupert, who was the first Governor. He was knighted in 1670. In 1682 he bought Bedgebury Manor in Gouldhurst, Kent from Thomas Culpeper and rebuilt Bedgebury House in a new location within

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550-600: Was Rock Depot where York boats had to be replaced by smaller canoes. It was 30 portages and 425 kilometres (264 mi) from Rock Depot to Norway House. Different parts of the Hayes formerly had different names. According to one source, they were: "Hayes River" from the mouth to Gods River, "Steel River" to the Fox River, "Hill River" to Knee Lake, "Trout River" to Oxford Lake, and above Oxford Lake, Weepinipanish River and Franklin's River. Another source has: Trout, Bourbon, Jack Tent, Factory, Steel, Rabbit, and Hill Rivers, and

575-465: Was a founding Fellow of the Royal Society . He secured the post as Secretary to Prince Rupert at a time when England and France were vying for the natural riches of what is now Canada. Hayes was behind the 1668 expedition whereby two French fur-traders, Pierre-Esprit Radisson and Médard des Groseilliers , were financially supported in an effort to set up a permanent British trading post on

600-562: Was secretary to Prince Rupert and first Deputy-Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company . He was born the son of James Hayes in Beckington, Somerset. He was educated at St Paul's School (London) and Corpus Christi College, Oxford , where he matriculated in 1649. He was admitted to Lincoln's Inn in 1649 and called to the Bar in 1656. In 1659 he was elected MP for Marlborough (Jan-May 1659) and appointed Recorder of Marlborough. In May 1663 he

625-634: Was suspended from 2017 to 2018 due to a washout of tracks north of Amery. Via Rail passenger service operates on these lines as part of its Winnipeg–Churchill service . Air transport provides access to many northern communities with 58 airfields in the region. Calm Air and Perimeter Aviation provide scheduled passenger service into larger northern communities. Chartered bush planes land on lakes when airfields are not available. 55°10′N 95°30′W  /  55.167°N 95.500°W  / 55.167; -95.500 James Hayes (Prince Rupert%27s secretary) Sir James Hayes (1637–1694)

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