57-729: The Hangzhou–Haining Intercity Rail ( Chinese : 杭海城际 , abbreviation: HHCJ), also known as the Hanghai line , is a commuter rail line connected to, but operated independently of the Hangzhou Metro that connects the cities Hangzhou and Haining in Zhejiang , China . The total length is 46.38 km (28.819 mi) and has 12 stations, including 4 underground stations and 8 elevated stations and 2 stations with passing loops for express services. The line began construction in late 2016 and opened on 28 June 2021. In November 2012,
114-443: A component—either a character or a sub-component called a radical —usually involves either a reduction in its total number of strokes , or an apparent streamlining of which strokes are chosen in what places—for example, the ⼓ ' WRAP ' radical used in the traditional character 沒 is simplified to ⼏ ' TABLE ' to form the simplified character 没 . By systematically simplifying radicals, large swaths of
171-434: A conversion table. While exercising such derivation, the following rules should be observed: Sample Derivations : The Series One List of Variant Characters reduces the number of total standard characters. First, amongst each set of variant characters sharing identical pronunciation and meaning, one character (usually the simplest in form) is elevated to the standard character set, and the rest are made obsolete. Then amongst
228-484: A couple hundred metres past International Campus, ZJU station, ending just before reaching the station's namesake campus . The line does not share tracks with any other line, and its trackage is completely isolated from the Hangzhou Metro and the national railway system. Notes on service routes as of June 2024: Routes Passing loops for express trains are located at Zhouwangmiao and Xieqiao stations. There
285-407: A few revised forms, and was implemented for official use by China's State Council on 5 June 2013. In Chinese, simplified characters are referred to by their official name 简化字 ; jiǎnhuàzì , or colloquially as 简体字 ; jiǎntǐzì . The latter term refers broadly to all character variants featuring simplifications of character form or structure, a practice which has always been present as
342-475: A menu featuring both Chinese and Western cuisine. The cafeteria hosts communal dinners for festivals and special occasions. Modern amenities include interactive whiteboards and comfortable armchairs. The International Campus of Zhejiang University comprises three distinguished institutions—ZIBS, ZJUI, and ZJE. There are undergraduate , postgraduate , and specialized programs. The Zhejiang University- University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute)
399-610: A newly coined phono-semantic compound : Removing radicals Only retaining single radicals Replacing with ancient forms or variants : Adopting ancient vulgar variants : Readopting abandoned phonetic-loan characters : Copying and modifying another traditional character : Based on 132 characters and 14 components listed in Chart 2 of the Complete List , the 1,753 derived characters found in Chart 3 can be created by systematically simplifying components using Chart 2 as
456-573: A part of the Chinese writing system. The official name tends to refer to the specific, systematic set published by the Chinese government, which includes not only simplifications of individual characters, but also a substantial reduction in the total number of characters through the merger of formerly distinct forms. According to Chinese palaeographer Qiu Xigui , the broadest trend in the evolution of Chinese characters over their history has been simplification, both in graphical shape ( 字形 ; zìxíng ),
513-532: A picturesque setting. The campus has three Residential Colleges: Weixue, Guantong, and Laitong. Each college has its own flag and rich history, fostering pride and unity among residents. Amenities in the residential colleges include fitness rooms, music band rooms, piano rooms, kitchens, cinemas, and study areas. One of the defining features of each college is its accommodation options, including single and double rooms. The sport gymnasium offers swimming, tennis, basketball, football, and squash courts. Adjacent
570-553: Is a collaboration in the field of Biomedical Sciences between Zhejiang University of China and The University of Edinburgh , United Kingdom . Biomedical Sciences covers the functioning of the human body at molecular, cellular, organ and systems levels in health and disease. Biomedical scientists use knowledge gained by research across a range of related disciplines, including physiology , anatomy , pharmacology , immunology and neuroscience , and apply this knowledge to increase understanding of normal bodily functions and in
627-464: Is a fitness area equipped with a variety of sport equipment for personalized workouts. Additionally, a football field provides space for both casual matches and training sessions. The International Campus Library has a vast collection of books and resources spanning various disciplines. Its facilities include individual carrels and group study rooms, high-speed internet and computer workstations. Staff librarians are also available. The campus canteen has
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#1732780495526684-568: Is a police checkpoint at Linpingnan Railway Station . Passengers’ identity documents may be checked by the police when passing through the transfer corridor from the Hangzhou–Haining Intercity Rail to the Hangzhou Metro. The line uses Class B rolling stock with a top speed of 120 km/h. Seating is arranged in a 2+2 fashion with soft padded seats. Simplified Chinese characters Simplified Chinese characters are one of two standardized character sets widely used to write
741-440: Is actually more complex than eliminated ones. An example is the character 搾 which is eliminated in favor of the variant form 榨 . The 扌 'HAND' with three strokes on the left of the eliminated 搾 is now seen as more complex, appearing as the ⽊ 'TREE' radical 木 , with four strokes, in the chosen variant 榨 . Not all characters standardised in the simplified set consist of fewer strokes. For instance,
798-454: Is derived. Merging homophonous characters: Adapting cursive shapes ( 草書楷化 ): Replacing a component with a simple arbitrary symbol (such as 又 and 乂 ): Omitting entire components : Omitting components, then applying further alterations : Structural changes that preserve the basic shape Replacing the phonetic component of phono-semantic compounds : Replacing an uncommon phonetic component : Replacing entirely with
855-813: Is now discouraged. A State Language Commission official cited "oversimplification" as the reason for restoring some characters. The language authority declared an open comment period until 31 August 2009, for feedback from the public. In 2013, the List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters was published as a revision of the 1988 lists; it included a total of 8105 characters. It included 45 newly recognized standard characters that were previously considered variant forms, as well as official approval of 226 characters that had been simplified by analogy and had seen wide use but were not explicitly given in previous lists or documents. Singapore underwent three successive rounds of character simplification , eventually arriving at
912-623: Is referred to as the " big seal script ". The traditional narrative, as also attested in the Shuowen Jiezi dictionary ( c. 100 AD ), is that the Qin small seal script that would later be imposed across China was originally derived from the Zhou big seal script with few modifications. However, the body of epigraphic evidence comparing the character forms used by scribes gives no indication of any real consolidation in character forms prior to
969-547: Is used instead of 叠 in regions using traditional characters. The Chinese government stated that it wished to keep Chinese orthography stable. The Chart of Generally Utilized Characters of Modern Chinese was published in 1988 and included 7000 simplified and unsimplified characters. Of these, half were also included in the revised List of Commonly Used Characters in Modern Chinese , which specified 2500 common characters and 1000 less common characters. In 2009,
1026-670: The Chinese language , with the other being traditional characters . Their mass standardization during the 20th century was part of an initiative by the People's Republic of China (PRC) to promote literacy, and their use in ordinary circumstances on the mainland has been encouraged by the Chinese government since the 1950s. They are the official forms used in mainland China and Singapore , while traditional characters are officially used in Hong Kong , Macau , and Taiwan . Simplification of
1083-685: The Shanghai-Hangzhou high-speed railway and proceeds eastward underground, where it surfaces and rises to a viaduct before reaching Xucun station. The line continues eastward, continuing to parallel the Shanghai-Hangzhou high-speed railway, until it reaches Hainingxi Railway Station , where passengers can transfer to the high-speed rail station of the same name, which parallels the Hangzhou-Haining Intercity Rail station. Past Hainingxi Railway Station,
1140-552: The "Dot" stroke : The traditional components ⺥ and 爫 become ⺈ : The traditional component 奐 becomes 奂 : International Campus, Zhejiang University The Zhejiang University Haining International Campus is an educational institution located in Haining , Zhejiang Province , China . Established in 2016, it is a component of Zhejiang University's global outreach strategy. As an extension of Zhejiang University , one of China's top-tier research universities,
1197-459: The "external appearances of individual graphs", and in graphical form ( 字体 ; 字體 ; zìtǐ ), "overall changes in the distinguishing features of graphic[al] shape and calligraphic style, [...] in most cases refer[ring] to rather obvious and rather substantial changes". The initiatives following the founding of the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) to universalize the use of their small seal script across
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#17327804955261254-482: The 1986 General List of Simplified Chinese Characters , hereafter the General List . All characters simplified this way are enumerated in Chart 1 and Chart 2 in the 1986 Complete List . Characters in both charts are structurally simplified based on similar set of principles. They are separated into two charts to clearly mark those in Chart 2 as 'usable as simplified character components', based on which Chart 3
1311-520: The 1986 mainland China revisions. Unlike in mainland China, Singapore parents have the option of registering their children's names in traditional characters. Malaysia also promulgated a set of simplified characters in 1981, though completely identical to the mainland Chinese set. They are used in Chinese-language schools. All characters simplified this way are enumerated in Charts 1 and 2 of
1368-470: The Chinese government published a major revision to the list which included a total of 8300 characters. No new simplifications were introduced. In addition, slight modifications to the orthography of 44 characters to fit traditional calligraphic rules were initially proposed, but were not implemented due to negative public response. Also, the practice of unrestricted simplification of rare and archaic characters by analogy using simplified radicals or components
1425-591: The Haining International Campus offers a comprehensive range of academic programs across various disciplines, including science, engineering, humanities, social sciences, and management. The institution engages in partnerships with leading academic institutions and industry partners worldwide. In 2013, Zhejiang University began the process of establishing its International Campus in Haining, China. This endeavor received official support from
1482-852: The Haining Municipal Government started preliminary work on the project. In December of the same year, an agreement was signed with the Yuhang District of Hangzhou. In February 2013, the Zhejiang Provincial Development and Reform Commission submitted the "Recent Construction Plan for the Intercity Railway in the Metropolitan Area of Zhejiang Province" to the National Development and Reform Commission ,
1539-548: The Hangzhou-Haining Intercity Rail. The line begins in the Linping district of Hangzhou at the Linpingnan Railway Station metro station, which connects the line to Line 9 (formerly the Linping branch of Line 1 ) of the Hangzhou Metro and is the only place on the line where passengers can transfer to the Hangzhou Metro. The line starts underground in its first tunnel (out of three tunnels) parallel to
1596-781: The Ministry of Education and approval from the Zhejiang Provincial Government. Key agreements were signed with the People's Government of Haining. These efforts led to the creation of the Zhejiang University Haining International Campus. Zhejiang University started building its International Campus on June 30th, following an announcement on March 25th about its establishment. Song Yonghua was appointed as Dean, Ying Yibin as Executive Dean, and Fu Qiang as Secretary of
1653-769: The National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Education , and Ministry of Science and Technology had issued the Construction Plan for Zhejiang University International Campus in Haining. The campus is a collaborative project between the university and the local government. Spread over 67 hectares, the Neo-classical styled campus features buildings are made of fair-faced red bricks. Divided into three zones, residential colleges, teaching complexes, and research buildings, it sits between Lake Juanhu and Changsha River Wetland Park, offering
1710-626: The Party Working Committee and Vice Dean. From 2016 to 2017, Zhejiang University's International Campus underwent significant developments. On August 16, 2016, the first phase of construction was completed, allowing faculty and staff to move to Haining . Shortly after, on March 15, 2017, the International Campus officially commenced its operations. Earlier in 2017, on February 1, the Ministry of Education approved
1767-776: The Yanguan Town Tide-Viewing Park. The line then passes by the Yanguan Depot, located north of the tracks, which stores and maintains the fleet of trains used on the line, and Tongjiu Highway station, a station at a road that leads northwards to Tongxiang . At Xieqiao station, the line reaches its second and final passing loop for express trains. Arriving in downtown Haining, the line descends into its third and final tunnel, making three final stops at Leather City, Haichang Road, and International Campus, ZJU, all three of which are located underground. The tail tracks, which are used for reversing trains, extend
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1824-670: The analysis of disease mechanisms. ZJU-UIUC Institute is a jointly operated engineering college on the Zhejiang University (ZJU) International Campus in Haining, China. The institute is officially approved by Chinese Ministry of Education in February 2016. Zhejiang University International Business School (ZIBS) at the Haining Campus is involved in business education and research, renowned for its innovative programs and global perspective. (As of April 2024. See
1881-428: The character set are altered. Some simplifications were based on popular cursive forms that embody graphic or phonetic simplifications of the traditional forms. In addition, variant characters with identical pronunciation and meaning were reduced to a single standardized character, usually the simplest among all variants in form. Finally, many characters were left untouched by simplification and are thus identical between
1938-407: The chosen variants, those that appear in the "Complete List of Simplified Characters" are also simplified in character structure accordingly. Some examples follow: Sample reduction of equivalent variants : Ancient variants with simple structure are preferred : Simpler vulgar forms are also chosen : The chosen variant was already simplified in Chart 1 : In some instances, the chosen variant
1995-692: The construction of an international collaborative education model was included in the Yangtze River Delta regional development outline, highlighting the strategic importance of the campus. The year 2020 saw further advancements with the formal establishment of the International Business School on November 4, and the inception of the Yangtze River Delta International Graduate School on October 23. By September 19, 2022,
2052-473: The country's writing system as a serious impediment to its modernization. In 1916, a multi-part English-language article entitled "The Problem of the Chinese Language" co-authored by the Chinese linguist Yuen Ren Chao (1892–1982) and poet Hu Shih (1891–1962) has been identified as a turning point in the history of the Chinese script—as it was one of the first clear calls for China to move away from
2109-476: The early 20th century. In 1909, the educator and linguist Lufei Kui formally proposed the use of simplified characters in education for the first time. Over the following years—marked by the 1911 Xinhai Revolution that toppled the Qing dynasty , followed by growing social and political discontent that further erupted into the 1919 May Fourth Movement —many anti-imperialist intellectuals throughout China began to see
2166-576: The entire line from Linpingnan Railway Station to International Campus, ZJU costs ¥9. Hangzhou Metro and Shaoxing Metro farecards and the Hangzhou Metro and Shaoxing Metro ride code can be used on the line. It is possible to buy a ticket from any metro station in Hangzhou or Shaoxing directly to a station on the Hangzhou-Haining Intercity Rail, as passengers do not pass through ticket gates when transferring at Linpingnan Railway Station. However, Hangzhou Metro farecard discounts and day passes are not valid on
2223-638: The establishment of the ZJU-UoE Institute and the ZJU-UIUC Institute , marking a crucial milestone for the campus. Between 2018 and 2024, the International Campus continued to expand and evolve. On December 21, 2018, the International Joint Innovation Center of Zhejiang University was established, followed by the initiation of the International Business School on October 11, 2018. On May 30, 2019,
2280-634: The first official list of simplified forms was published, consisting of 324 characters collated by Peking University professor Qian Xuantong . However, fierce opposition within the KMT resulted in the list being rescinded in 1936. Work throughout the 1950s resulted in the 1956 promulgation of the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme , a draft of 515 simplified characters and 54 simplified components, whose simplifications would be present in most compound characters. Over
2337-463: The first round—but was massively unpopular and never saw consistent use. The second round of simplifications was ultimately retracted officially in 1986, well after they had largely ceased to be used due to their unpopularity and the confusion they caused. In August 2009, China began collecting public comments for a revised list of simplified characters; the resulting List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters lists 8,105 characters, including
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2394-475: The following decade, the Script Reform Committee deliberated on characters in the 1956 scheme, collecting public input regarding the recognizability of variants, and often approving forms in small batches. Parallel to simplification, there were also initiatives aimed at eliminating the use of characters entirely and replacing them with pinyin as an official Chinese alphabet, but this possibility
2451-458: The founding of the Qin. The Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD) that inherited the Qin administration coincided with the perfection of clerical script through the process of libian . Eastward spread of Western learning Though most closely associated with the People's Republic, the idea of a mass simplification of character forms first gained traction in China during
2508-466: The increased usage of 朙 was followed by proliferation of a third variant: 眀 , with 目 'eye' on the left—likely derived as a contraction of 朙 . Ultimately, 明 became the character's standard form. The Book of Han (111 AD) describes an earlier attempt made by King Xuan of Zhou ( d. 782 BC ) to unify character forms across the states of ancient China , with his chief chronicler having "[written] fifteen chapters describing" what
2565-465: The left, with the 月 'Moon' component on the right. Li Si ( d. 208 BC ), the Chancellor of Qin, attempted to universalize the Qin small seal script across China following the wars that had politically unified the country for the first time. Li prescribed the 朙 form of the word for 'bright', but some scribes ignored this and continued to write the character as 明 . However,
2622-436: The line enters its second tunnel, where it curves away from the Shanghai-Hangzhou high-speed railway. The line then rises back to a viaduct and reaches the town of Chang'an and makes several stops there. Past Chang'an, the line reaches Zhouwangmiao station, which contains the first of the line's two passing loops for express trains. The train travels through the rural countryside until it reaches Yanguan station, located north of
2679-402: The most prominent Chinese authors of the 20th century, stated that "if Chinese characters are not destroyed, then China will die" ( 漢字不滅，中國必亡 ). During the 1930s and 1940s, discussions regarding simplification took place within the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) party. Many members of the Chinese intelligentsia maintained that simplification would increase literacy rates throughout the country. In 1935,
2736-906: The plan includes the Hangzhou-Haining Intercity Railway. This plan was approved by the NDRC on 16 December 2014. construction started on the first section of the Hangzhou–Haining intercity railway project between Chang'an to Zhouwangmiao Stations on 15 December 2016. Fares for the line start at ¥2 for a trip of 4 km (2.485 mi) or less. For trips between 4 and 12 km (2.485 and 7.456 mi), each additional 4 km (2.485 mi) or less costs ¥1. For trips between 12 and 24 km (7.456 and 14.913 mi), each additional 6 km (3.728 mi) or less costs ¥1. For trips over 24 km (14.913 mi), each additional 8 km (4.971 mi) costs ¥1. A trip along
2793-430: The public and quickly fell out of official use. It was ultimately formally rescinded in 1986. The second-round simplifications were unpopular in large part because most of the forms were completely new, in contrast to the familiar variants comprising the majority of the first round. With the rescission of the second round, work toward further character simplification largely came to an end. In 1986, authorities retracted
2850-465: The recently conquered parts of the empire is generally seen as being the first real attempt at script reform in Chinese history. Before the 20th century, variation in character shape on the part of scribes, which would continue with the later invention of woodblock printing , was ubiquitous. For example, prior to the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) the character meaning 'bright' was written as either 明 or 朙 —with either 日 'Sun' or 囧 'window' on
2907-509: The relevant information on www.intl.zju.edu.cn) Student activities are organized by the International Student Committee (ISC), including cultural festivals and academic seminars. In addition, there is a variety of student clubs covering interests such sports, arts, and other cultural pursuits. Students have diverse backgrounds and nationalities. Cultural events, festivals, and exchange programs give students
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#17327804955262964-426: The same set of simplified characters as mainland China. The first round was promulgated by the Ministry of Education in 1969, consisting of 498 simplified characters derived from 502 traditional characters. A second round of 2287 simplified characters was promulgated in 1974. The second set contained 49 differences from the mainland China system; these were removed in the final round in 1976. In 1993, Singapore adopted
3021-467: The second round completely, though they had been largely fallen out of use within a year of their initial introduction. That year, the authorities also promulgated a final version of the General List of Simplified Chinese Characters . It was identical to the 1964 list save for 6 changes—including the restoration of 3 characters that had been simplified in the first round: 叠 , 覆 , 像 ; the form 疊
3078-497: The traditional and simplified Chinese orthographies. The Chinese government has never officially announced the completion of the simplification process after the bulk of characters were introduced by the 1960s. In the wake of the Cultural Revolution , a second round of simplified characters was promulgated in 1977—largely composed of entirely new variants intended to artificially lower the stroke count, in contrast to
3135-833: The traditional character 強 , with 11 strokes is standardised as 强 , with 12 strokes, which is a variant character. Such characters do not constitute simplified characters. The new standardized character forms shown in the Characters for Publishing and revised through the Common Modern Characters list tend to adopt vulgar variant character forms. Since the new forms take vulgar variants, many characters now appear slightly simpler compared to old forms, and as such are often mistaken as structurally simplified characters. Some examples follow: The traditional component 釆 becomes 米 : The traditional component 囚 becomes 日 : The traditional "Break" stroke becomes
3192-522: The use of characters entirely. Instead, Chao proposed that the language be written with an alphabet, which he saw as more logical and efficient. The alphabetization and simplification campaigns would exist alongside one another among the Republican intelligentsia for the next several decades. Recent commentators have echoed some contemporary claims that Chinese characters were blamed for the economic problems in China during that time. Lu Xun , one of
3249-464: Was abandoned, confirmed by a speech given by Zhou Enlai in 1958. In 1965, the PRC published the List of Commonly Used Characters for Printing [ zh ] (hereafter Characters for Printing ), which included standard printed forms for 6196 characters, including all of the forms from the 1956 scheme. A second round of simplified characters was promulgated in 1977, but was poorly received by
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