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33-798: Coordinates : 7°15′31″N 80°37′43″E / 7.25861°N 80.62861°E / 7.25861; 80.62861 Mountain range in Sri Lanka Hanthana conservation forest [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Location of the conservation forest Location Central Province , Sri Lanka Nearest city Kandy Coordinates 7°15′31″N 80°37′43″E / 7.25861°N 80.62861°E / 7.25861; 80.62861 Established 2010 Governing body Department of Forest Conservation The Hanthana Mountain Range lies in
66-543: A prime meridian at the westernmost known land, designated the Fortunate Isles , off the coast of western Africa around the Canary or Cape Verde Islands , and measured north or south of the island of Rhodes off Asia Minor . Ptolemy credited him with the full adoption of longitude and latitude, rather than measuring latitude in terms of the length of the midsummer day. Ptolemy's 2nd-century Geography used
99-486: A tropical dry broadleaf forest ecoregion of the island of Sri Lanka . The ecoregion covers an area of 48,400 square kilometers (18,700 sq mi), about 75%, of the island of Sri Lanka , with the exception of the islands' southwestern corner and Central Highlands , home to the Sri Lanka lowland rain forests and Sri Lanka montane rain forests ecoregions, respectively, and the northern Jaffna Peninsula , which
132-679: A little before 1300; the text was translated into Latin at Florence by Jacopo d'Angelo around 1407. In 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference , attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich , England as the zero-reference line. The Dominican Republic voted against
165-416: A location often facetiously called Null Island . In order to use the theoretical definitions of latitude, longitude, and height to precisely measure actual locations on the physical earth, a geodetic datum must be used. A horizonal datum is used to precisely measure latitude and longitude, while a vertical datum is used to measure elevation or altitude. Both types of datum bind a mathematical model of
198-538: A longitudinal degree is 111.3 km. At 30° a longitudinal second is 26.76 m, at Greenwich (51°28′38″N) 19.22 m, and at 60° it is 15.42 m. On the WGS 84 spheroid, the length in meters of a degree of latitude at latitude ϕ (that is, the number of meters you would have to travel along a north–south line to move 1 degree in latitude, when at latitude ϕ ), is about The returned measure of meters per degree latitude varies continuously with latitude. Similarly,
231-700: A national cartographical organization include the North American Datum , the European ED50 , and the British OSGB36 . Given a location, the datum provides the latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } and longitude λ {\displaystyle \lambda } . In the United Kingdom there are three common latitude, longitude, and height systems in use. WGS 84 differs at Greenwich from
264-872: A simple translation may be sufficient. Datums may be global, meaning that they represent the whole Earth, or they may be local, meaning that they represent an ellipsoid best-fit to only a portion of the Earth. Examples of global datums include World Geodetic System (WGS 84, also known as EPSG:4326 ), the default datum used for the Global Positioning System , and the International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame (ITRF), used for estimating continental drift and crustal deformation . The distance to Earth's center can be used both for very deep positions and for positions in space. Local datums chosen by
297-503: A year, or 10 m in a century. A weather system high-pressure area can cause a sinking of 5 mm . Scandinavia is rising by 1 cm a year as a result of the melting of the ice sheets of the last ice age , but neighboring Scotland is rising by only 0.2 cm . These changes are insignificant if a local datum is used, but are statistically significant if a global datum is used. On the GRS 80 or WGS 84 spheroid at sea level at
330-586: Is where Earth's equatorial radius a {\displaystyle a} equals 6,378,137 m and tan β = b a tan ϕ {\displaystyle \textstyle {\tan \beta ={\frac {b}{a}}\tan \phi }\,\!} ; for the GRS 80 and WGS 84 spheroids, b a = 0.99664719 {\textstyle {\tfrac {b}{a}}=0.99664719} . ( β {\displaystyle \textstyle {\beta }\,\!}
363-418: Is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude . It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others. Although latitude and longitude form a coordinate tuple like a cartesian coordinate system , the geographic coordinate system
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#1732772575772396-769: Is known as the reduced (or parametric) latitude ). Aside from rounding, this is the exact distance along a parallel of latitude; getting the distance along the shortest route will be more work, but those two distances are always within 0.6 m of each other if the two points are one degree of longitude apart. Like any series of multiple-digit numbers, latitude-longitude pairs can be challenging to communicate and remember. Therefore, alternative schemes have been developed for encoding GCS coordinates into alphanumeric strings or words: These are not distinct coordinate systems, only alternative methods for expressing latitude and longitude measurements. Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests The Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests are
429-544: Is not cartesian because the measurements are angles and are not on a planar surface. A full GCS specification, such as those listed in the EPSG and ISO 19111 standards, also includes a choice of geodetic datum (including an Earth ellipsoid ), as different datums will yield different latitude and longitude values for the same location. The invention of a geographic coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene , who composed his now-lost Geography at
462-595: Is part of the Deccan thorn scrub forests ecoregion. The topography is generally low, and the landscape is dotted with isolated inselbergs . The highest of these inselbergs is Ritigala (766 meters), which lies north of the Central Highlands. The ecoregion receives 1500–2000 mm of rainfall annually. Most rain falls during the December-to-March northeast monsoon season, and it is mostly dry
495-844: Is situated adjacent to the Hanthana mountain range. Gallery [ edit ] [REDACTED] A view from Hanthana [REDACTED] Uura kanda - the highest peak in the Hanthana range [REDACTED] A view from Hanthana communication towers [REDACTED] A scenic evening view from the Hanthana Mountain References [ edit ] ^ www.dailynews.lk http://www.dailynews.lk/2010/09/03/news50.asp . Retrieved 4 February 2011 . {{ cite web }} : Missing or empty |title= ( help ) ^ tops.lk. "Heavenly High at Hanthana - Top Spots - Featured News - Tops Sri Lanka - Tops.lk" . ^ "Doing their bit to heal
528-753: Is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses (often called great circles ), which converge at the North and South Poles. The meridian of the British Royal Observatory in Greenwich , in southeast London, England, is the international prime meridian , although some organizations—such as the French Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière —continue to use other meridians for internal purposes. The prime meridian determines
561-405: Is ultimately calculated from latitude and longitude, it is crucial that they clearly state the datum on which they are based. For example, a UTM coordinate based on WGS84 will be different than a UTM coordinate based on NAD27 for the same location. Converting coordinates from one datum to another requires a datum transformation such as a Helmert transformation , although in certain situations
594-494: The Library of Alexandria in the 3rd century BC. A century later, Hipparchus of Nicaea improved on this system by determining latitude from stellar measurements rather than solar altitude and determining longitude by timings of lunar eclipses , rather than dead reckoning . In the 1st or 2nd century, Marinus of Tyre compiled an extensive gazetteer and mathematically plotted world map using coordinates measured east from
627-667: The central highlands of Sri Lanka , south-west of Kandy . It was declared as an environmental protection area in February 2010 under the National Environment Act. The maximum height of the range is 1,200 m (3,800 ft). The mountain range consists of seven peaks. The highest one being the Uura Kanda . The range is a favourite destination among the mountain hikers in Sri Lanka. University of Peradeniya
660-512: The Equator, one latitudinal second measures 30.715 m , one latitudinal minute is 1843 m and one latitudinal degree is 110.6 km. The circles of longitude, meridians, meet at the geographical poles, with the west–east width of a second naturally decreasing as latitude increases. On the Equator at sea level, one longitudinal second measures 30.92 m, a longitudinal minute is 1855 m and
693-2739: The earth" . External links [ edit ] Heavenly High at Hanthana v t e Geography of Sri Lanka Climate Climate Climatic regions Dry Zone Wet Zone Natural disasters Geology Indian plate Gems Central Highlands Hanthana Mountain Range Knuckles Mountain Range Extreme points Highest North South East West Landforms Beaches Islands Lagoons Lakes Mountains Rivers Valleys Waterfalls Bordering entities Adam's Bridge Bay of Bengal Gulf of Mannar India Indian Ocean Palk Bay Palk Strait Subdivisions Provinces Districts Divisional Secretariats Divisions Grama Niladhari Divisions Settlements Cities Towns Settlements in Central Province Eastern Province North Central Province Northern Province North Western Province Sabaragamuwa Southern Province Uva Western Province Environment Forestry environmental issues deforestation ecoregions Deccan thorn scrub forests dry-zone dry evergreen forests lowland rain forests montane rain forests Southwestern Sri Lanka rivers and streams protected areas national parks wildlife sanctuaries wildlife fauna flora v t e Landmarks in Kandy Note: this includes landmarks in Kandy and its fringe areas City Precincts Kandy CBD Royal Palace of Kandy University of Peradeniya Shopping Kandy City Centre Kandy Municipal Market Royal Mall Torrington Shopping Complex Entertainment Bradby Shield Encounter Dharmaraja–Kingswood Cricket Encounter Esala Mangallaya Kandy Esala Perahera Trinity-Antonian Cricket Encounter Public Galleries D.S. Senanayake Memorial Public Library International Buddhist Museum National Museum of Kandy Relic of
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#1732772575772726-464: The far western Aleutian Islands . The combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The visual grid on a map formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule . The origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km (390 mi) south of Tema , Ghana ,
759-415: The length in meters of a degree of longitude can be calculated as (Those coefficients can be improved, but as they stand the distance they give is correct within a centimeter.) The formulae both return units of meters per degree. An alternative method to estimate the length of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is to assume a spherical Earth (to get
792-481: The motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911. The latitude ϕ of a point on Earth's surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through (or close to) the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on
825-523: The one used on published maps OSGB36 by approximately 112 m. The military system ED50 , used by NATO , differs from about 120 m to 180 m. Points on the Earth's surface move relative to each other due to continental plate motion, subsidence, and diurnal Earth tidal movement caused by the Moon and the Sun. This daily movement can be as much as a meter. Continental movement can be up to 10 cm
858-535: The proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres , although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E. This is not to be conflated with the International Date Line , which diverges from it in several places for political and convenience reasons, including between far eastern Russia and
891-514: The rest of the year. The ecoregion has several plant communities. The Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests are made up mostly of evergreen trees, which distinguish them from the deciduous trees that characterize most other tropical dry broadleaf forest ecoregions. The dry-zone dry evergreen forests most closely resemble the East Deccan dry evergreen forests of India's southeast coast. The dry-zone dry evergreen forests are home to most of
924-430: The same datum will obtain the same location measurement for the same physical location. However, two different datums will usually yield different location measurements for the same physical location, which may appear to differ by as much as several hundred meters; this not because the location has moved, but because the reference system used to measure it has shifted. Because any spatial reference system or map projection
957-664: The same prime meridian but measured latitude from the Equator instead. After their work was translated into Arabic in the 9th century, Al-Khwārizmī 's Book of the Description of the Earth corrected Marinus' and Ptolemy's errors regarding the length of the Mediterranean Sea , causing medieval Arabic cartography to use a prime meridian around 10° east of Ptolemy's line. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes ' recovery of Ptolemy's text
990-486: The shape of the earth (usually a reference ellipsoid for a horizontal datum, and a more precise geoid for a vertical datum) to the earth. Traditionally, this binding was created by a network of control points , surveyed locations at which monuments are installed, and were only accurate for a region of the surface of the Earth. Some newer datums are bound to the center of mass of the Earth. This combination of mathematical model and physical binding mean that anyone using
1023-464: The surface of Earth called parallels , as they are parallel to the Equator and to each other. The North Pole is 90° N; the South Pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the Equator , the fundamental plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The Equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres . The longitude λ of a point on Earth's surface
Hanthana Mountain Range - Misplaced Pages Continue
1056-3233: The tooth of the Buddha Temple of the Tooth Museum Ceylon Tea Museum Institutions 2nd Volunteer Battalion Sri Lanka Sinha Regiment Asgiri Maha Viharaya Buddhist Publication Society District Secretariat, Kandy General Post Office Institute of Fundamental Studies Kandyan Art Association Kandy Court Complex Kandy Municipal Council Malwathu Maha Viharaya Mayor of Kandy List of schools in Kandy National Hospital (Teaching), Kandy Structures Bahirawakanda temple Bogambara Prison Degaldoruwa Raja Maha Vihara Kandy Clock Tower Kandy Post Office Kandy Town Hall Natha Devale, Kandy President's Pavilion Sri Dalada Maligawa Scots Kirk St. Paul's Church Trinity College Chapel Hotels Cinnamon Citadel Kandy Empire Hotel Helga's Folly Hotel Suisse The Kandy House Mahaweli Reach Hotel Manor House Queen's Hotel Sports Stadia Asgiriya Stadium Bogambara Stadium Kandy Garden Club Nittawela Rugby Stadium Pallekele International Cricket Stadium Trinity College Rugby Stadium Victoria Golf and Country Resort Parks/Spaces Arthur's Seat British Garrison Cemetery Kandy War Cemetery Central Highlands of Sri Lanka Dorwin reservoir E. L. Senanayake Children's Park George E. De Silva Park Kandy Lake Hanthana Mountain Range Alagalla Mountain Range Knuckles mountain range Mahaweli River Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya Udawattakele Forest Reserve Wales Park Transport Asgiriya railway station D.S. Senanayake Veediya Kandy bus station Kandy railway station Katugastota railway station Mahiyawa railway station Peradeniya Junction railway station Sangaraja Mawatha Sarasavi Uyana railway station Sirimavo Bandaranaike Mawatha Sri Dalada Veediya William Gopallawa Mawatha Yatinuwara Veediya See also Events in Kandy Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanthana_Mountain_Range&oldid=1219815544 " Categories : Mountain ranges of Sri Lanka Landforms of Central Province, Sri Lanka Tourist attractions in Central Province, Sri Lanka Hidden categories: Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas CS1 errors: missing title CS1 errors: bare URL Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Coordinates on Wikidata Geographic coordinate system A geographic coordinate system ( GCS )
1089-445: The width per minute and second, divide by 60 and 3600, respectively): where Earth's average meridional radius M r {\displaystyle \textstyle {M_{r}}\,\!} is 6,367,449 m . Since the Earth is an oblate spheroid , not spherical, that result can be off by several tenths of a percent; a better approximation of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi }
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