78-843: Hardwick Hall in Derbyshire is an architecturally significant country house from the Elizabethan era, a leading example of the Elizabethan prodigy house . Built between 1590 and 1597 for Bess of Hardwick , it was designed by the architect Robert Smythson , an exponent of the Renaissance style . Hardwick Hall is one of the earliest examples of the English interpretation of this style, which came into fashion having slowly spread from Florence . Its arrival in Britain coincided with
156-664: A Middle Paleolithic Acheulean hand axe found near Hopton . Further occupation came with the Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic periods of the Stone Age when Mesolithic hunter-gatherers roamed the hilly tundra. Evidence of these nomadic tribes has been found in limestone caves located on the Nottinghamshire border. Deposits left in the caves date the occupancy at around 12,000 to 7,000 BCE . Burial mounds of Neolithic settlers are also situated throughout
234-599: A non-metropolitan county , with eight districts, and the Derby unitary authority area. The East Midlands Combined County Authority includes Derbyshire County Council and Derby City Council. The north and centre of Derbyshire are hilly and contain the southern end of the Pennines , most of which are part of the Peak District National Park . They include Kinder Scout , at 636 m (2,087 ft)
312-477: A unitary authority area of the City of Derby. Derby remains part of Derbyshire only for ceremonial purposes. Derbyshire has become fractionally smaller during government reorganisation over the years. The Sheffield suburbs Woodseats, Beauchief, Handsworth, Woodhouse, Norton, Mosborough , Totley , Bradway and Dore were previously parts of the county, but were lost to Sheffield between 1900 and 1933; Mosborough
390-631: A bryophyte flora for Derbyshire still continues: by 2012 a total of 518 bryophyte species had been recorded for the county. Botanical recording in the UK predominantly uses the unchanging vice-county boundary system, which results in a slightly different map of Derbyshire from the modern geographic county. A number of specialist organisations protect, promote and monitor records of individual animal groups across Derbyshire. The main ones are Derbyshire Ornithological Society; Derbyshire Mammal Group; Derbyshire Bat Group, Derbyshire Amphibian and Reptile Group, and
468-671: A consequence of the underlying geology, but also by the way the land has been managed and shaped by human activity. The county contains 11 discrete landscape types, known as National Character Areas , which have been described in detail by Natural England and further refined, mapped and described by Derbyshire County Council and the Peak District National Park. The 11 National Character Areas found within Derbyshire are: Derbyshire's solid geology can be split into two very different halves. The oldest rocks occur in
546-539: A depot company, a pre-parachute training company, a battle school, a holding company and an airfield detachment, which was stationed at No.1 Parachute Training School (No.1 PTS), RAF Ringway. During this period, all pre-jump ground training was moved from Hardwick to Ringway. In March 1944, the Battle School closed, and the Holding Unit was moved to nearby Clay Cross , while a new preliminary Battle School
624-415: A long period. Lead, for example, has been mined since Roman times. The limestone outcrops in the central area led to the establishment of large quarries to supply the industries of surrounding towns with lime for building and steelmaking , and latterly in the 20th-century cement manufacture. The Industrial Revolution also increased demand for building stone , and in the late 19th and early 20th-century,
702-490: A more permanent place to stay. In 1950, the unexpected death of the 10th Duke of Devonshire , with the subsequent death duties (rated at 80%), caused the sale of many of the Devonshire assets and estates. At this time, Hardwick was occupied by Evelyn, Duchess of Devonshire , the widow of the 9th Duke . The decision was taken to hand the house over to HM Treasury in lieu of Estate Duty in 1956. The Treasury transferred
780-535: A number of sensitive species are now being seen to be either expanding or contracting their range as a result. For the purposes of protecting and recording the county's most important habitats, Derbyshire has been split into two regions, each with its own Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP), based around National Character Areas. The Peak District BAP includes all of Derbyshire's uplands of the Dark Peak, South-West Peak and White Peak, including an area of limestone beyond
858-532: A population of 770,600 lived in the county with 248,752 (32%) living in Derby. Although Derbyshire is officially part of the East Midlands statistical region, parts of the county are often considered to be culturally in Northern England , such as Chesterfield and Glossop. The table below shows all towns with over 10,000 inhabitants. During a series of administrative boundary changes during
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#1732773171541936-463: A significant part of Derbyshire's economy, as did coal mining. Lead mining has been important here since Roman Times. The more recent river gravels of the Trent valley remain a significant extractive industry today in south Derbyshire, as does the mining of limestone rock in central and northern parts of the county. Coarse sandstones were once extensively quarried both for local building materials and for
1014-418: A time when glass was a luxury, leading to the saying, "Hardwick Hall, more glass than wall." The Hall's chimneys are built into the internal walls of the structure, in order to give more scope for huge windows without weakening the exterior walls. The house's design also demonstrated new concepts not only in domestic architecture, but also of a more modern way in which life was led within a great house. Hardwick
1092-671: The Bermudas , and Devonshire Parish was called after him; he also was a supporter of colonising Virginia . He also invested in the Russia Company, Somers Island Company, and North-West Passage Company, and very heavily but successfully in the East India Company. He was created Earl of Devonshire on 7 August 1618, while the court was staying at the Bishop of Salisbury's palace; he was reported to have paid £10,000 for
1170-731: The EFL Championship , the second tier of English football. The next highest-placed team is Chesterfield , which participates in EFL League Two , the fourth tier of English football. There are also many non-league teams playing throughout the county, most notably Alfreton Town , which plays in the National League North . The county is currently home to the world's oldest football club, Sheffield F.C. , which plays in Dronfield in north-east Derbyshire. Glossop
1248-499: The East Midlands Combined Authority , and elected the first Mayor of the East Midlands in the 2024 East Midlands Mayoral Election . The Derbyshire school system is comprehensive with no selective schools. The independent sector includes Repton School , Trent College and The Elms School . There are several towns in the county, with Derby the largest and most populous. At the time of the 2011 census,
1326-580: The Eglantine Table has an inlaid top of interest to musical historians. Hardwick is open to the public. It has a fine garden, including herbaceous borders , a vegetable and herb garden, and an orchard. The extensive grounds also contain Hardwick Old Hall, a slightly earlier house which was used as guest and service accommodation after the new hall was built. The Old Hall is now a ruin. It is administered by English Heritage on behalf of
1404-689: The Hope Valley and near Glossop . Later they settled round Buxton , famed for its warm springs, and set up a fort near modern-day Derby in an area now known as Little Chester . Several kings of Mercia are buried in the Repton area. Following the Norman Conquest , much of the county was subject to the forest laws . To the northwest was the Forest of High Peak under the custodianship of William Peverel and his descendants. The rest of
1482-506: The state rooms on the second floor; these rooms include one of the largest long galleries in any English house. There is also a tapestry-hung great chamber with a spectacular plaster frieze illustrating hunting scenes; the room has been little altered. Bess employed a decorator, named as John "Paynter" in her accounts. He used chalk and size made from glovers' offcuts. Pigments including blue bice , verdigris , massicot , and vermilion were bought in 1599. John varnished and coloured
1560-450: The 1601 inventory. Some of the needlework on display in the house incorporates Bess's monogram "ES", and may have been worked on by Bess herself. There is a large amount of fine tapestry and furniture from the 16th and 17th centuries. A remarkable feature of the house is that much of the present furniture and other contents are listed in an inventory dating from 1601. The Sea Dog Table is an especially important piece from around 1600, and
1638-488: The 1st Air Troop Royal Engineers , the first airborne Royal Engineers unit, and a skeleton Royal Signals Squadron. The camp was southwest of the Hall and consisted of a 250-foot (76 m) parachute jump tower , assault courses and trapeze in-flight swing training structures. When pre-jump training was successfully completed, the recruits that passed out were required to speed-march approximately 50 miles (80 km) to join
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#17327731715411716-543: The 2010 film Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 . Derbyshire Derbyshire ( / ˈ d ɑːr b i ʃ ɪər , - ʃ ər / DAR -bee-sheer, -shər ) is a ceremonial county in the East Midlands of England. It borders Greater Manchester , West Yorkshire , and South Yorkshire to the north, Nottinghamshire to the east, Leicestershire to the south-east, Staffordshire to
1794-662: The 20th century, settlements which were historically part of the county now fall under the administrative areas of Greater Manchester , South Yorkshire , and Staffordshire : Numerous other boundary changes also took place during the course of the 19th century, with county settlements being ceded to the counties of Staffordshire and Leicestershire Because of the size of the county, southern parts of Derbyshire such as Derby, Matlock, Ashbourne and Bakewell are covered by BBC East Midlands and ITV Central in Nottingham , broadcast from Waltham . Northeast Derbyshire, Chesterfield,
1872-497: The Derbyshire & Nottingham Entomological Society. All maintain databases of wildlife sightings, whilst some such as the Derbyshire Ornithological Society provide alerts of rare sightings on their websites or social media pages and also publish major works describing the status and distribution of species. Derbyshire has a mixture of a rural economy in the west, with a former coal-mining economy in
1950-627: The Hall in 2006 as one of his five choices for Britain's Best Buildings , a documentary series made by the BBC for television . Innovative in its own time, it would serve, three centuries later, as a source of inspiration for the enormous Main Exhibition Building at the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition of 1876. Hardwick Hall was an ideal model for a building which was intended to merge historicism with
2028-631: The National Trust and is also open to the public. Many of the Old Hall's major rooms were decorated with ambitious schemes of plasterwork, notably above the fireplaces. Remarkably, impressive fragments of these are still to be seen (protected by preservative coatings and rain-shields), though most of the building is unroofed. Both Hardwick Hall and the Old Hall are Grade I listed (the highest designation) by Historic England . Dan Cruickshank , an historian specialising in architecture , selected
2106-687: The Peak District LNP and the Lowland Derbyshire & Nottinghamshire LNP. Since 2002, the county flower for Derbyshire has been Jacob's-ladder ( Polemonium caeruleum ), a relatively rare species, and characteristic of certain limestone dales in the White Peak. Derbyshire is known to have contained 1,919 separate taxa of vascular plants (including species, hybrids and micro-species) since modern recording began, of which 1,133 are known to be either native or archaeophyte ,
2184-501: The UK's largest car manufacturing plants at Burnaston . Ashbourne Water used to be bottled in Buxton by Nestlé Waters UK until 2006 and Buxton Water still is. Derbyshire is one of only three counties permitted to make cheese that is labelled as Stilton cheese . The others are Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire . The smallest of six companies making this product is Hartington Creamery at Pikehall . As of March 2021, Hartington Stilton
2262-414: The arrival of the railways led to a large number of stone quarries being established. This industry has left its mark on the countryside, but is still a major industry: a lot of the stone is supplied as crushed stone for road building and concrete manufacture, and is moved by rail. Derbyshire's relative remoteness in the late 18th century and an abundance of fast-flowing streams led to a proliferation of
2340-413: The best-known. Cemented screes and tufa deposits occur very rarely in the limestone dales and rivers, whilst cave systems have been created naturally in the limestone since Pleistocene times. A recently discovered cave chamber near Castleton , named Titan , is the deepest shaft and biggest chamber of any cave in Britain. The oldest rocks are Lower Carboniferous limestones of Dinantian age, which form
2418-498: The core of the White Peak within the Peak District National Park. Because northern Derbyshire is effectively an uplifted dome of rock layers that have subsequently eroded to expose older rocks in the centre of the Derbyshire Dome , these are encircled by progressively younger limestone rocks, until they in turn give way on three sides to Upper Carboniferous shales, gritstones and sandstones of Namurian age. Younger still are
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2496-525: The county and surround large conurbations: Because of its central location in England and altitude range from 27 metres in the south to 636 metres in the north, Derbyshire contains many species at the edge of their UK distribution ranges. Some species with a predominantly northern British distribution are at the southern limit of their range, whilst others with a more southern distribution are at their northern limit in Derbyshire. As climate change progresses,
2574-739: The county are the River Derwent and the River Dove which both join the River Trent in the south. The River Derwent rises in the moorland of Bleaklow and flows throughout the Peak District and county for the majority of its course, while the River Dove rises in Axe Edge Moor and forms a boundary between Derbyshire and Staffordshire for most of its length. The varied landscapes within Derbyshire have been formed mainly as
2652-479: The county is provided by BBC Radio Derby , BBC Radio Sheffield (covering Chesterfield and Bolsover ) and BBC Radio Manchester (covering Glossop, New Miils and Chapel-en-le-Frith). County-wide commercial radio stations are Capital Midlands , Hits Radio East Midlands , Gold , Greatest Hits Radio East Midlands and Greatest Hits Radio Yorkshire (for Chesterfield, Matlock and Bakewell). Derbyshire has two Football League teams, Derby County , which plays in
2730-529: The county was bestowed upon Henry de Ferrers , a part of it becoming Duffield Frith . In time the whole area was given to the Duchy of Lancaster . Meanwhile, the Forest of East Derbyshire covered the whole county to the east of the River Derwent from the reign of Henry II to that of Edward I . The terrain of Derbyshire mostly consists of uplands to the north and centre of the county, and lowlands to
2808-493: The county. In the moors of the Peak District signs of clearance, arable fields and hut circles were found after archaeological investigation. However this area and another settlement at Swarkestone are all that have been found. During the Roman conquest of Britain , the invaders were attracted to Derbyshire for its lead ore in the limestone hills of the area. They settled throughout the county, with forts built near Brough in
2886-550: The county. These chambered tombs were designed for collective burial and are mostly located in the central Derbyshire region. There are tombs at Minninglow and Five Wells that date back to between 2000 and 2500 BCE. Three miles west of Youlgreave lies the Neolithic henge monument of Arbor Low , which has been dated to 2500 BCE. It is not until the Bronze Age that real signs of agriculture and settlement are found in
2964-458: The early 19th century, the antique atmosphere of Hardwick Hall was consciously preserved. A low, 19th-century service wing is fairly inconspicuous at the rear. In 1844, William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire published a book called Handbook to Chatsworth and Hardwick . It was privately printed and provided a history of the Cavendish family's two estates. On 31 August 1941, the decision
3042-653: The eastern High Peak (Hope Valley) and northern area of the Derbyshire Dales ( Tideswell and Hathersage ) are covered by ITV Yorkshire and BBC Yorkshire from Emley Moor , with their ITV News Calendar and Look North programmes, both from Leeds . The western area of the High Peak ( Buxton , Glossop , New Miils and Chapel-en-le-Frith ) is covered by BBC North West from Winter Hill and ITV Granada , both based in Salford . BBC Local Radio for
3120-429: The far south of Derbyshire from Ticknall (limestone) to Swadlincote (coal measures). Some areas of the White Peak exhibit contemporaneous basalt flows (e.g. Ravens Tor at Millers Dale), as well as subsequent dolerite sill intrusion at a much later stage (e.g. near Tideswell Dale), whilst mineralisation of the carboniferous limestone in a subsequent period created extensive lead and fluorite deposits which have formed
3198-1143: The high moors. The dales of the White Peak are known for habitats such as calcareous grassland , ash woodlands and rock outcrops in all of which a much greater richness of lime-loving species occurs than elsewhere in the county. These include various orchids (such as early purple orchid ( Orchis mascula ), dark-red helleborine ( Epipactis atrorubens ) and fly orchid ( Ophrys insectifera )), common rockrose ( Helianthemum nummularium ), spring cinquefoil ( Helianthemum nummularium ) and grass of parnassus ( Parnassia palustris ). Specialised communities of plants occur on former lead workings, where typical metallophyte species include spring sandwort ( Minuartia verna ), alpine penny-cress ( Thlaspi caerulescens ) (both known locally in Derbyshire as Leadwort), as well as mountain pansy ( Viola lutea ) and moonwort ( Botrychium lunaria ). In 2015, Derbyshire contained 304 vascular plant species now designated as of international, national or local conservation concern, for their rarity or recent declines, and collectively listed as Derbyshire Red Data plants. Work on recording and publishing
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3276-595: The highest point in the county. The River Derwent is the longest in the county, at 66 miles (106 km), and flows south until it meets the River Trent just south of Derby. Church Flatts Farm at Coton in the Elms , near Swadlincote, is the furthest point from the sea in the UK. The area that is now Derbyshire was first visited, probably briefly, by humans 200,000 years ago during the Aveley interglacial , as shown by
3354-465: The house to the National Trust in 1959. The Duchess remained in occupation of the house until her death in 1960. Having done much, personally, to conserve the textiles in the house as well as reinstating the traditional rush matting, she was to be its last occupant. Hardwick Hall contains a large collection of embroideries , mostly dating from the late 16th century, many of which are listed in
3432-457: The house was transferred to the Treasury in 1956 and then to the National Trust in 1959. The building was approaching ruin and required stabilisation and restoration. The Hall is fully open to the public and received 298,283 visitors in 2019. Sited on a hilltop between Chesterfield and Mansfield , overlooking the Derbyshire countryside, Hardwick Hall was designed by Robert Smythson in
3510-418: The large expanses of glass that had become de rigueur for the main exhibition halls at international expositions and fairs in the wake of the success of The Crystal Palace constructed for the 1851 London Exhibition . In March 2012, a £6.5m restoration was completed; this included the addition of a large restaurant. In December 2020, three years of additional restoration had been completed and further work
3588-712: The last 120 years in a series of four major botanical works, each by different authors between 1889 and 2015, all entitled The Flora of Derbyshire . Plant recording is mainly undertaken locally by volunteers from the Derbyshire Flora Group, and by staff at Derbyshire Wildlife Trust and the Peak District National Park. The Dark Peak is marked by heathlands, bogs, gritstone edges and acid grasslands containing relatively few species, with plants such as heather ( Calluna vulgaris ), crowberry ( Empetrum nigrum ), bilberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus ) and hare's-tail cotton grass ( Eriophorum vaginatum ) being dominant on
3666-451: The late 16th century. Ordered by Bess of Hardwick , Countess of Shrewsbury and ancestress of the Dukes of Devonshire , it was owned by her descendants until the mid-twentieth century. Bess of Hardwick was the richest woman in England after Queen Elizabeth I , and her house was conceived to be a conspicuous statement of her wealth and power. The windows are exceptionally large and numerous at
3744-636: The main city of Derby, the largest town in the county is Chesterfield . Derbyshire is also part of multiple combined authorities . The Erewash, Amber Valley and Derby districts are part of the D2N2 partnership with neighbouring Nottinghamshire. The Derbyshire Dales, Bolsover, North East Derbyshire and Chesterfield districts are part of the South Yorkshire Mayoral Combined Authority (as non constituent members). Derbyshire County Council and Derby City Council are part of
3822-431: The map above. These district councils are responsible for local planning and building control, local roads, council housing , environmental health , markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism. Education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, policing and fire services, trading standards , waste disposal and strategic planning are
3900-539: The national park boundary. The remaining areas are monitored and recorded in the Lowland Derbyshire Biodiversity Action Plan, which subdivides the landscape into eight smaller Action Areas. The Derbyshire Biological Records Centre was formerly based at Derby Museum and Art Gallery, but since 2011 has been managed by Derbyshire Wildlife Trust. Two of Englands 48 Local Nature Partnerships (LNP) also cover Derbyshire; these are
3978-476: The north-east (Bolsover district), the Erewash Valley around Ilkeston and in the south around Swadlincote. The rural landscape varies from arable farmland in the flatlands to the south of Derby, to upland pasture and moorland in the high gritstone uplands of the southern Pennines. Derbyshire is rich in natural mineral resources such as lead, iron, coal , and limestone, which have been exploited over
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#17327731715414056-723: The northern, more upland half of the county, and are mostly of Carboniferous age, comprising limestones , gritstones , sandstones and shales . In its north-east corner to the east of Bolsover , there are also Magnesian Limestone rocks of Permian age. In contrast, the southern and more lowland half of Derbyshire contains much softer rocks, mainly mudstones and sandstones of Permo-Triassic age, which create gentler, more rolling landscapes with few rock outcrops. Across both regions can be found drift deposits of Quaternary age – mainly terrace and river gravel deposits and boulder clays. Landslip features are found on unstable layers of sandstones and shales, with Mam Tor and Alport Castles being
4134-519: The panelling of the great chamber. He gilded some details. John's paintwork supplemented and mended the cloth hangings, and he also painted cloth hangings in imitation of tapestry. The architecture was influential, and in March 1608 the Earl of Salisbury , who was planning new buildings at Hatfield House , asked Bess's son-in-law, the Earl of Shrewsbury , for a plan, "any rowgh drawght of Hardwick". Hardwick
4212-420: The parachute course at RAF Ringway . A tethered barrage balloon was also installed on 1 November 1941 to provide refresher training for qualified parachutists and to supplement descents made from the jump tower. In 1942, when the 1st Parachute Brigade moved from Hardwick to Bulford Garrison , an Airborne Forces Depot was formed at Hardwick from the units left behind. It started as an unofficial establishment but
4290-405: The peace in Derbyshire meant that he was named of the quorum . His mother's marriage had broken down by this time and Cavendish was drawn into an armed conflict with Shrewsbury over his inheritance. He was M.P. for Liverpool in 1586 and Newport (Cornwall) in 1588. His lack of prior links to either place suggests he was nominated by patrons who supported his cause against his stepfather. He
4368-518: The period when it was no longer necessary or legal to fortify a domestic dwelling. The British Army's 1st Parachute Brigade was formed at Hardwick Hall in 1941. The Airborne Forces Depot and Battle School was located on the grounds of the estate from 1942–1946. After ownership for centuries by the Cavendish family and the line of the Earl of Devonshire and the Duke of Devonshire , ownership of
4446-458: The production of gritstone grinding wheels for use in mills, and both former industries have left their mark on the Derbyshire landscape. As well as the protections afforded to the Peak District area under national and local policies, there are several green belts within the county, aimed at preserving the landscape surrounding main urban areas. There are four such areas, the first three being portions of much larger green belts that extend outside
4524-795: The remainder being non-native species. These comprise 336 established species, 433 casuals and 17 unassigned. It is known that 34 species of plants once native here have been lost from Derbyshire (i.e. become locally extinct) since modern plant recording began in the 17th century. Derbyshire contains two endemic vascular plants, found nowhere else in the world: Rubus durescens , a bramble occurring in central Derbyshire, and Derby hawkweed ( Hieracium naviense ), still known only from Winnats Pass . One endemic species of moss, Derbyshire Feather Moss , occurs in one small 3-metre patch in just one Derbyshire limestone dale, its sole world location intentionally kept confidential. The distribution and status of vascular plants in Derbyshire have been recorded over
4602-582: The responsibility of the County Council. Although Derbyshire is in the East Midlands , some parts, such as High Peak (which incorporated former areas of Cheshire after boundary changes in 1974), are closer to the northern cities of Manchester and Sheffield and these receive services more affiliated with northern England; for example, the North West Ambulance Service , Granada Television and United Utilities .Outside
4680-419: The sandstones, shales and coal deposits found on the eastern flank of Derbyshire, forming the coal measures, which are of Westphalian age. All these rock layers disappear south of a line drawn between Ashbourne and Derby under layers of clays and sandstones ( Mercia Mudstone Group and Sherwood Sandstones ) of Permo-Triassic age. Small amounts of carboniferous limestones, gritstones and coal measures reappear in
4758-455: The seat of Derbyshire Dales , a Conservative safe seat that had not been won by Labour since the 1945 election . Shown below are the vote and seat count at the 2019 election compared to the 2024 election: Derbyshire has a three-tier local government since the local government reorganisation in 1974. It has a county council based in Matlock and eight district councils and since 1997,
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#17327731715414836-721: The south and east. The southern foothills and uplands of the Pennines extend from the north of the Trent Valley throughout the Peak District and into the north of the county, reaching the county's highest point at Kinder Scout . The terrain is relatively low-lying across the lower Dove Valley , from the Trent Valley and southwards, the far south of the Derwent Valley and near its eastern borders with Nottinghamshire and Leicestershire . The main rivers in
4914-446: The south and west, and Cheshire to the west. Derby is the largest settlement, and Matlock is the county town. The county has an area of 2,625 km (1,014 sq mi) and a population of 1,053,316. The east of the county is more densely populated than the west, and contains the county's largest settlements: Derby (261,400), Chesterfield (88,483), and Swadlincote (45,000). For local government purposes Derbyshire comprises
4992-537: The title. He died on 3 March 1626, and was buried at St Peter's Church, Edensor . The 1st Earl of Devonshire and his brother Henry (died 1616) are commemorated through the Cavendish Memorial inside the church, a magnificent early-17th-century church monument . His first wife was Anne Kighley or Keighley, daughter of Henry Kighley of Keighley , Yorkshire , circa 21 March 1580. They had three sons and three daughters, including: Cavendish's second wife
5070-682: The use of hydropower at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution , following the mills pioneered by Richard Arkwright . Derbyshire has been said to be the home of the Industrial Revolution, and part of the Derwent Valley has been given World Heritage status in acknowledgement of this historic importance. Nationally famous companies in Derbyshire include Rolls-Royce , one of the world's leading aerospace companies, based since before World War I in Derby, Thorntons just south of Alfreton and Toyota , who have one of
5148-402: Was admitted to Gray's Inn in 1572 to complete his education. Shrewsbury had promised considerable sums to Cavendish and his younger brother Charles , when they reached 21. In lieu of this Shrewsbury agreed in 1572 that William and Charles should inherit the lands that Bess had brought to the marriage. By 1584 his mother had purchased land for him worth £15,900 and his standing as a justice of
5226-419: Was an English nobleman, politician, and courtier. William Cavendish was the second son of Sir William Cavendish and Bess of Hardwick . Following his father's death and his mother's remarriage to Sir William St Loe he and his elder brother Henry were sent to Eton . He then entered Clare College, Cambridge in 1567, around the time of his mother's marriage to George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury , and
5304-408: Was appointed High Sheriff of Derbyshire for 1595. He was created Baron Cavendish of Hardwick in 1605, thanks to the representations of his niece, Arbella Stuart . He inherited the bulk of his mother's land in 1608 and purchased Chatsworth from his elder brother Henry the following year. He acquired further property, when Henry died childless in 1616. He participated in the colonisation of
5382-523: Was being planned. Hardwick Hall was the setting for the 10-part BBC series Mistress of Hardwick , broadcast in 1972. Hardwick Hall was used in the 1978 Connections TV series to illustrate a long series of changes that occurred in home design as a result of the Little Ice Age . The house was described in the 1985 TV documentary Treasure Houses of Britain . Hardwick Hall was used for the exterior scenes and some interior scenes of Malfoy Manor in
5460-516: Was but one of Bess's many houses. Each of her four marriages had brought her greater wealth. She was born in her father's manor house on the site of the later, now old Hall at Hardwick, which today is a ruin beside the 'new' hall. Following Bess's death in 1608, the house passed to her son William Cavendish, 1st Earl of Devonshire . His great-grandson, William , was created 1st Duke of Devonshire in 1694. The Devonshires made Chatsworth , another of Bess's great houses, their principal seat. Hardwick thus
5538-479: Was created as a properly organized unit, training and holding recruits before they went to the Parachute Training School, as well as rehabilitating the temporary unfit from injuries. The War Office approved a War Establishment for the depot on 25 December 1942, appointing Lt Col W. Giles MC ( Ox and Bucks ) as its first commanding officer. The depot was given an extended role and consisted of
5616-480: Was made to form the 1st Parachute Brigade under Brigadier Richard Gale at Hardwick. Army Northern Command leased 53 acres of the estate to establish a camp of red-brick huts with training areas. It included a gymnasium, a cookhouse, cinema and medical facility. Hardwick Camp then became the new nucleus for parachute training and physical selection for airborne forces. On 15 December 1941, the 2nd Parachute Battalion and 3rd Parachute Battalion formed at Hardwick with
5694-622: Was marketing within the UK but also exporting to the US, EU and Canada. The company director told the BBC that they had "a surge in interest and consumer sales from the US". The county is divided into eleven constituencies for the election of members of parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons . In the 2024 United Kingdom general election , all seats in Derbyshire were won by the Labour Party, including
5772-408: Was one of the first English houses where the great hall was built on an axis through the centre of the house, rather than at right angles to the entrance. Each of the three main storeys has a higher ceiling than the one below, the ceiling height being indicative of the importance of the rooms' occupants: least noble at the bottom and grandest at the top. A wide, winding, stone staircase leads up to
5850-587: Was relegated to the role of an occasional retreat for hunting and sometime dower house . As a secondary home, it escaped the attention of modernisers and received few alterations after its completion. The famed political philosopher Thomas Hobbes died at the Hall in December 1679. For the previous four or five years, Hobbes had lived at Chatsworth. Hobbes had been a friend of the family since 1608 when he first tutored William Cavendish. After his death, many of Hobbes' manuscripts were found at Chatsworth House. From
5928-632: Was set up at Dore and Totley . The Selection Company and Depot Administrative Unit remained at Hardwick. In April 1946, the Depot moved to Albany Barracks on the Isle of Wight and Airborne Forces activity at Hardwick Hall ceased. When the British Army left their battle school and village after the war, it was turned into a Polish resettlement camp for allied soldiers. Here Polish veterans, and later Hungarian refugees, were homed until they managed to find
6006-976: Was the smallest town in the country to have a football team in the top tier of English football, Glossop North End . Derbyshire has a cricket team based at the County Cricket Ground. Derbyshire County Cricket Club currently plays in Division Two of the County Championship . There are also rugby league clubs based in the north of the county, the North Derbyshire Chargers and in Derby (Derby City RLFC). The county has numerous rugby union clubs, including Derby, Chesterfield Panthers, Matlock, Ilkeston, Ashbourne, Bakewell and Amber Valley. William Cavendish, 1st Earl of Devonshire William Cavendish, 1st Earl of Devonshire (27 December 1552 – 3 March 1626)
6084-488: Was transferred in 1967. However, Derbyshire gained part of the Longdendale valley and Tintwistle from Cheshire in 1974. The current area of the geographic/ceremonial county of Derbyshire is only 4.7 square kilometres less than it was over 100 years ago. At the third tier are the parish councils , which do not cover all areas. The eight district councils in Derbyshire and the unitary authority of Derby are shown in
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