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24-508: At the time of its foundation, in 1946, the party had around 10,000 members, two-thirds of whom hailed from the Kibbutz Artzi movement. The remainder came from the urban-based Socialist League of Palestine , which was dissolved into the party. The Hashomer Hatzair movement had positioned itself politically between the moderate mainstream Mapai and the radical communists since the 1920s. The movement had however been reluctant to form

48-578: A 'Palestinian Commonwealth' with Jewish majority would be established. The party maintained links with Ihud , a small circle of Jewish intellectuals who shared the bi-national vision of the party. In 1948 the party merged with Ahdut HaAvoda-Poalei Zion , forming the United Workers Party (MAPAM). The party's newspaper was Al HaMishmar which subsequently transferred its affiliation to MAPAM. Kibbutz Artzi The Kibbutz Movement ( Hebrew : התנועה הקיבוצית , HaTnu'a HaKibbutzit )

72-545: A political party, since its leaders had felt that entering into party politics could push the movement into ideological deviations. The movement had tried to seek unity with Mapai and Ahdut HaAvoda before forming a party of its own, but those merger talks had failed as the other parties rejected the bi-nationalist positions of Hashomer Hatzair. In contrast with Mapai, the main Labour Zionist party in Palestine at

96-540: A strong coalition with the National Religious Party, Ahdut HaAvoda, Agudat Yisrael Workers, Cooperation and Brotherhood and Progress and Development, two events during the fifth Knesset led to Mapai's reducing dominance. Firstly, Ben-Gurion resigned as head of the party citing personal reasons, though in reality he was upset at a perceived lack of support from colleagues. He set up a new party, Rafi , taking with him seven other Mapai members. Secondly,

120-715: Is the largest settlement movement for kibbutzim in Israel . It was formed in 1999 by a partial merger of the United Kibbutz Movement and Kibbutz Artzi and is made up of approximately 230 kibbutzim. It does not include the Religious Kibbutz Movement with its 16 kibbutzim or the two Poalei Agudat Yisrael -affiliated religious kibbutzim. The United Kibbutz Movement ( Hebrew : התנועה הקבוצית המאוחדת , HaTnu'a HaKibbutzit HaMeuhedet ), also known by its Hebrew acronym TaKaM ( תק"ם ‎),

144-485: The 1965 election . The new party received 37% of the vote and won 45 seats, and comfortably beat Gahal (26 seats). On 23 January 1968 Mapai, Ahdut HaAvoda and Rafi merged into the Israeli Labor Party and ceased to exist as individual entities. Until 1963, the party had no formal rules to govern the selection of its leader. From the party's establishment, David Ben-Gurion was long the unchallenged leader of

168-534: The Labour and Socialist International between 1930 and 1940. The party was Jewish-only until the late 1960s, with a succession of satellite parties for Israeli Arabs , including the Democratic List of Nazareth , the Democratic List for Israeli Arabs , Agriculture and Development , Progress and Work , Cooperation and Brotherhood , Progress and Development and Cooperation and Development . It supported

192-668: The Land of Israel ' ) was a Labor Zionist and democratic socialist political party in Israel , and was the dominant force in Israeli politics until its merger into the modern-day Israeli Labor Party in January 1968. During Mapai's time in office, a wide range of progressive reforms were carried out, as characterised by the establishment of a welfare state, providing minimum income, security, and free (or almost free) access to housing subsidies and health and social services. The party

216-539: The Palestinian Arabs . The party advocated a bi-national state , to be shared between Jews and Arabs. The party was repeatedly criticized by other Zionist groups for their bi-national position, accusing the party of breaking the united Zionist front. The party opposed partitioning Palestine, instead preferring converting the British Mandate into an international trusteeship. In the longer perspective,

240-626: The 120 seats. Ben-Gurion became Prime Minister and formed a coalition with the United Religious Front , the Progressive Party , the Sephardim and Oriental Communities and the Democratic List of Nazareth (an Israeli Arab party associated with Mapai). A notable piece of legislation enacted during Mapai's first term in office was an educational law in 1949 which introduced compulsory schooling for all children between

264-945: The Kibbutzim ). The movement included kibbutzim which had left HaKibbutz HaMeuhad for ideological reasons and was aligned with the Labour Party and its predecessors, Mapai and the Dror youth movement . Kibbutz Artzi ( Hebrew : הקיבוץ הארצי , lit, Nationwide Kibbutz ) was a kibbutz movement associated with the Hashomer Hatzair youth movement, and the Mapam political party. It was founded on 1 April 1927, and had 85 kibbutzim and 28,000 members in 1998. Mapai Mapai ( Hebrew : מַפָּא"י , an abbrevation for מִפְלֶגֶת פּוֹעֲלֵי אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל ‎, Mifleget Poalei Eretz Yisrael , lit.   ' Workers' Party of

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288-553: The Progressive Party and the three Israeli Arab parties, Progress and Development, Cooperation and Brotherhood and Agriculture and Development to form the coalition. The inquiry into the Lavon Affair which brought down the government in 1961 probably contributed to the party's relatively poor performance in the elections in the same year , as it picked up only 35% of the vote and 42 seats. Although Ben-Gurion formed

312-610: The ages of 5 and 14. Mapai's years in office also witnessed the passage of the National Insurance Act of 1953 and the Social Welfare Service Law of 1958, which authorised a broad range of social welfare programmes, including special allowances for large families, workers' compensation provisions, maternity insurance, and old age and survivors' pensions. In the second elections in 1951 Mapai increased its vote share to 37% (and 47 seats) despite

336-407: The country's economic problems . Ben-Gurion again formed the government with the support of Mizrachi , Hapoel HaMizrachi , Agudat Yisrael , Poalei Agudat Yisrael and the three Israeli Arab parties associated with Mapai, the Democratic List for Israeli Arabs , Progress and Work and Agriculture and Development . However, he shocked the nation by resigning on 6 December 1953 in order to settle in

360-566: The dominant political faction in Zionist politics. It was also responsible for the founding of Hashomer and Haganah , the first two armed Jewish groups which secured the people and property of the new and emerging Jewish communities. By the early 1930s, Ben-Gurion had taken over the party, and had become de facto leader of the Jewish community in Palestine (known as the Yishuv ). It was a member of

384-472: The party. Even in his brief 1954–1955 retirement (during which Moshe Sharett served as the official party leader), Ben-Gurion was still largely considered the de facto party boss. After Ben-Gurion retired again in 1963, informal consultations by the party's leading figures resulted in an informal consensus to appoint Levi Eshkol as leader, and this choice was ratified by the party's Central Committee. Soon after becoming party leader, Eshkol successfully pushed

408-498: The policy of subjecting Arab citizens to martial law, which included confining them to the towns of their residence, and allowing them to exit only with a permit granted by the Israeli authorities. Due to its role in emerging victorious and independent from the 1948 Arab–Israeli War , the party won large support in Israel's first elections in 1949 , receiving 36% of the vote (well ahead of second-placed Mapam 's 15%) and winning 46 of

432-565: The small Negev kibbutz of Sde Boker , and was replaced by Moshe Sharett . The 1955 elections saw a drop in the party's support to 32% (and 40 seats), though still well ahead of the second-placed Herut (13%). Ben Gurion returned as Prime Minister, and formed a coalition with the National Religious Front (which later changed its name to the National Religious Party ), Mapam , Ahdut HaAvoda , and

456-477: The three Israeli Arab parties, the Democratic List for Israeli Arabs, Progress and Work and Agriculture and Development. Later the Progressive Party was also added. In contrast to the previous one, the 1959 election saw a surge in support, as the party recorded its best electoral performance, taking 38% of the vote and 47 seats. Ben-Gurion again invited the National Religious Party, Mapam, Ahdut HaAvoda,

480-570: The time, the Hashomer Hatzair Workers Party put heavier emphasis on class struggle . The party could not achieve unity in action with the Communist Party, as the Hashomer Hatzair Workers Party supported aliyah whilst the communists had ambiguous positions on the issue. The Hashomer Hatzair Workers Party was the sole Zionist political organization in Palestine at the time that recognized the national rights of

504-585: The two major right-wing opposition parties, Herut and the Liberal Party had merged into Gahal . This meant by the end of the Knesset session, Mapai had only 34 seats to Gahal's 27. The party's response to the unprecedented strength of the opposition was to seek support from other parties with similar ideologies. The result was an alliance with Ahdut HaAvoda to form the Labor Alignment before

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528-675: The union of several kibbutz bodies and was associated with the Poale Zion and later Ahdut HaAvoda parties and was aligned with the Habonim youth movement. Ihud HaKvutzot VeHaKibbutzim ( Hebrew : איחוד הקבוצות והקיבוצים , lit. Union of the Kvutzot and the Kibbutzim ) had been formed in 1951 by the union of Hever HaKvutzot ( חבר הקבוצות ‎, lit. Group of the Kvutzot ) and Ihud HaKibbutzim ( איחוד הקיבוצים ‎, lit. Union of

552-680: Was founded in 1981 and was largely aligned with the Labor Party and its predecessors. It had been formed by a merger itself, when HaKibbutz HaMeuhad and Ihud HaKvutzot VeHaKibbutzim came together. Consequently, their respective youth movements merged into the Habonim Dror youth movement. In 1999 a third movement, Artzi, joined the United Kibbutz Movement, although it maintains a certain autonomy, as does its Hashomer Hatzair youth movement. HaKibbutz HaMeuhad ( Hebrew : הקיבוץ המאוחד , lit. The United Kibbutz ) had been formed in 1927 by

576-714: Was founded on 5 January 1930 by the merger of the Hapoel Hatzair founded by A. D. Gordon and the original Ahdut HaAvoda (founded in 1919 from the right, more moderate, wing of the Zionist socialist Poale Zion led by David Ben-Gurion ). In the early 1920s, the Labor Zionist movement had founded the Histadrut Union, which dominated the Hebrew settlement economy and infrastructure, later making Mapai

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