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18-535: As indicated on its name, the two-story pavilion of Hasht Behesht was built on the hasht-behesht plan, that is a type of floor plan consisting of a central hall surrounded by eight rooms. The building is of an octagonal shape, and has two main entrances. Four larger sides of it feature large balconies ( iwans ), under which some tall and thin wooden columns are raised. The pavilion is decorated with mural paintings, perforated woodwork, prismatic mirrors, tilework , and plasterwork . This Iran -related article

36-411: A chamfer is a slope cut at any right-angled edge of a workpiece , e.g. holes; the ends of rods, bolts, and pins; the corners of the long-edges of plates; any other place where two surfaces meet at a sharp angle. Chamfering eases assembly, e.g. the insertion of bolts into holes, or nuts. Chamfering also removes sharp edges which reduces significantly the possibility of cuts, and injuries, to people handling

54-438: A form of bevel , it is often created at a 45° angle between two adjoining right-angled faces. Chamfers are frequently used in machining , carpentry , furniture , concrete formwork , mirrors , and to facilitate assembly of many mechanical engineering designs. In machining the word bevel is not used to refer to a chamfer. Machinists use chamfers to "ease" otherwise sharp edges, both for safety and to prevent damage to

72-435: A shallower angle than 45 degrees, often 20. In assemblies, chamfers are also used to clear an interior radius - perhaps from a cutting tool, or to clear other features, such as a weld bead, on an adjoining part. This is because it is generally easier to manufacture and much easier to precisely check the dimensions of a chamfer than a radius, and errors in the profile of either radius could otherwise cause interference between

90-507: A turn as they would have to if the corner were a square 90 degrees, though in Barcelona, most chamfered corners are used as parking spaces or loading-unloading zones, leaving the traffic to run as in normal 90-degree street corners. Chamfers are frequently used to facilitate assembly of parts which are designed for interference fit or to aid assembly for parts inserted by hand. Resilient materials such as fluid power seals generally require

108-617: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Hasht-behesht (architecture) In architecture , a hasht-behesht ( هشت‌بهشت , hašt-behešt ), literally meaning "eight heavens" in Persian , is a type of floor plan consisting of a central hall surrounded by eight rooms, the earliest recognized example of which in Iranian architecture is traced to the time of the Persianate Timurid Empire . The term

126-586: Is also observed in Christian symbolism in the concept of salvation . Similarly, the Chinese magic square , which was employed for numerous purposes, finds its way into Islamic mathematicians as "wafq". Ninefold schemes find particular resonance in the Indian mandalas , the cosmic maps of Hinduism and Buddhism . Although the trace of an older Sasanian equivalent is presumed, the earliest recognized use of

144-466: Is linked to that of the Zoroastrian vahišta ( Avestan for "best"; cognate with Middle Persian wahišt , New Persian behešt ), a building decorated with precious stones that would represent the astrological concept of eight planets corresponding to eight heavens. It is closely related to Islamic eschatology , in which heaven is described as having eight gates and eight spaces, and

162-507: Is the rounding-off of an interior corner, and a round (or radius ) the rounding of an outside one. Chamfers are used in furniture such as counters and table tops to ease their edges to keep people from bruising themselves in the otherwise sharp corner. When the edges are rounded instead, they are called bullnosed . Special tools such as chamfer mills and chamfer planes are sometimes used. Chamfers are commonly used in architecture, both for functional and aesthetic reasons. For example,

180-658: The base of the Taj Mahal is a cube with chamfered corners, thereby creating an octagonal architectural footprint. Its great gate is formed of chamfered base stones and chamfered corbels for a balcony or equivalent cornice towards the roof. Many city blocks in Barcelona , Valencia and various other cities in Spain , as well as Taichung , and street corners ( curbs ) in Ponce, Puerto Rico , are chamfered. The chamfering

198-454: The edges. A chamfer may sometimes be regarded as a type of bevel, and the terms are often used interchangeably. In furniture-making, a lark's tongue is a chamfer which ends short of a piece in a gradual outward curve, leaving the remainder of the edge as a right angle. Chamfers may be formed in either inside or outside adjoining faces of an object or room. By comparison, a fillet (pronounced / ˈ f ɪ l ɪ t / , like "fill it")

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216-606: The hasht-behesht plan is traced to a now non-extant two-storied pavilion named Tarab-khana that was built under the reign of the Persianate Timurid Empire in Herat , a prominent city in medieval Khorasan . Later, under the reign of Iran's Safavid dynasty , the same plan was used in the eponymous pavilion of Hasht Behesht in Isfahan . In the architecture of the Persianate Mughal Empire , hasht-behesht

234-416: The metal piece. Outside of aesthetics, chamfering is part of the process of hand-crafting a parabolic glass telescope mirror. Before the surface of the disc can be ground, the edges must first be chamfered to prevent edge chipping. This can be accomplished by placing the disc in a metal bowl containing silicon carbide and rotating the disc with a rocking motion. The grit will thus wear off the sharp edge of

252-407: The plan is reflected in the elevations with iwans and the corner rooms expressed through smaller arched niches. Such structures are often topped with chattris , small pillared pavilions at each corner. Chamfer A chamfer ( / ˈ ʃ æ m f ər / SHAM -fər or / ˈ tʃ æ m f ər / CHAM -fər ) is a transitional edge between two faces of an object. Sometimes defined as

270-516: The radii before the flat surfaces make contact with one another. Chamfers are also essential for components which humans will handle, to prevent injuries, and also to prevent damage to other components. This is particularly important for hard materials, like most metals, and for heavy assemblies, like press tools. Additionally, a chamfered edge is much more resistant than a square edge to being bruised by other edges or corners knocking against it during assembly or disassembly, or maintenance. In machining

288-496: Was designed as an embellishment and a modernization of urban space in Barcelona's mid-19th century Eixample or Expansion District, where the buildings follow the chamfering of the sidewalks and streets. This pioneering design opens up broader perspectives, provides pleasant pedestrian areas and allows for greater visibility while turning. It might also be considered to allow for turning to be somewhat more comfortable as, supposedly, drivers would not need to slow down as much when making

306-581: Was the favorite plan for gardens and pavilions, as well as for mausolea (seen as a funerary form of pavilion). These were planned as square or rectangular buildings divided into nine sections, with a central domed chamber surrounded by eight elements. Later, developments of the hasht-behesht divided the square at 45 degree angles to create a more radial plan, which often also includes chamfered corners; examples of which can be found in Todar Mal's Baradari at Fatehpur Sikri and Humayun's Tomb . Each element of

324-526: Was used in Persian literature as a metaphorical image, and was later notably used in a poem by Indian poet Amir Khusrow , who gave the most comprehensible literary reconstruction of the model in his adaptation of an Iranian epic about Sasanian ruler Bahram V , as well as in other works by Ottoman poets Sehi Bey and Idris Bitlisi . The architectural form was adopted and used also in Ottoman and Mughal architectures. The concept of hasht-behesht

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