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43-699: Held By Trees are an English instrumental post rock project, founded by multi-instrumentalist David Joseph. The groups main influence is Talk Talk and Mark Hollis , specifically the albums The Colour Of Spring (1986), Spirit Of Eden (1988), Laughing Stock (1991), as well as Mark Hollis (1998). The project was founded by Joseph during the first COVID-19 lockdown , he had previously collaborated with guitarist Tim Renwick who introduced him to Talk Talk audio engineer Phill Brown , who then got him in contact with percussionist Martin Ditcham , another Talk Talk associate. Through studio owner Steve Smith, he

86-606: A "post-rock noisefest". Post-rock incorporates stylings and traits from a variety of musical genres and scenes, including krautrock , ambient , psychedelia , prog rock , space rock , math rock , tape music and other experimental recording techniques , minimalist classical , British IDM , jazz (both avant-garde and cool ), and dub, as well as post-punk , free jazz , contemporary classical , and avant-garde electronica . It can also bear similarities to drone music , and usage of drones in psychedelic rock . Early post-rock groups often exhibited strong influence from

129-1146: A critical investigation into what he perceives as the current situation of chronic retrogression in pop music, with a focus on the effects of the internet and digital culture on music consumption and musical creativity. Reynolds's eighth book, a history of the glam rock era, Shock and Awe: Glam Rock and Its Legacy , was published in October 2016. In addition to writing books, Reynolds has continued freelancing for magazines, giving lectures, writing liner notes, and appearing in music documentaries. He resides in Los Angeles . Reynolds' writing has blended cultural criticism with music journalism. He has written extensively on gender , class , race , and sexuality in relation to music and culture. Early in his career, Reynolds often made use of critical theory and philosophy in his analysis of music, deriving particular influence from thinkers such as Roland Barthes , Georges Bataille , Julia Kristeva , Michel Foucault , and Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari . He has on occasion used

172-411: A melancholy and crescendo -driven style rooted in, among other genres, chamber music , musique concrète techniques and free jazz influences. In 2000, Radiohead released the studio album Kid A , marking a significant turning point in their musical style, with Reynolds describing it and the 2001 follow-up album Amnesiac as major examples of post-rock in the style that had been established by

215-607: A number of albums that were regarded as post-rock, most notably To Be Kind , which was acclaimed by AllMusic at the end of 2014. Simon Reynolds Reynolds has contributed to Spin , Rolling Stone , The New York Times , The Village Voice , The Guardian , The Wire , Pitchfork and others. Reynolds was born in London in 1963 and grew up in Berkhamsted . Inspired by his younger brother Tim, he became interested in rock and specifically punk in 1978. In

258-522: Is often seen on the label of Neurot Recordings . Similarly, bands such as Altar of Plagues , Lantlôs and Agalloch blend between post-rock and black metal , incorporating elements of the former while primarily using the latter. In some cases, this sort of experimentation and blending has gone beyond the fusion of post-rock with a single genre, as in the case of post-metal, in favor of an even wider embrace of disparate musical influences as it can be heard in bands like Deafheaven . A precedent to post-rock

301-463: Is the late 1960s U.S. group The Velvet Underground and their " dronology "—"a term that loosely describes fifty percent of today's post rock activity". A 2004 article from Stylus Magazine also noted that David Bowie 's 1977 album Low would have been considered post-rock if released twenty years later. British group Public Image Ltd (PiL) were also pioneers, described by the NME as "arguably

344-628: The Kranky label like Labradford , Bowery Electric , and Stars of the Lid , are often cited as foundational to the American first wave of post-rock, especially in the Chicago scene. The second Tortoise album, Millions Now Living Will Never Die , made the band a post-rock icon, with bands such as Do Make Say Think beginning to record music inspired by the "Tortoise-sound". In the late 1990s, Chicago

387-511: The Marxist concepts of commodity fetishism and false consciousness to describe attitudes prevalent in hip hop music . In discussing the relationship between class and music, Reynolds coined the term liminal class , defined as the upper- working class and lower- middle-class , a group he credits with "a lot of music energy". Reynolds has also written about drug culture and its relationship to various musical developments and movements. In

430-412: The indie and underground music scenes of the 1980s and 1990s, but as it abandoned rock conventions, it began to show less musical resemblance to conventional indie rock at the time. The first wave of post-rock derives inspiration from diverse sources including ambient , electronica , jazz , krautrock , psychedelia , dub , and minimalist classical , with these influences also being pivotal for

473-454: The "strictness" of the band's avant-garde approach, and their musical characteristics of uncertainty and unevenness. Originally used to describe the electronica -tinged rock-adjacent indie music of English bands such as Stereolab , Laika , Disco Inferno , Moonshake , Seefeel , Bark Psychosis , and Pram , many of which began in post-punk and shoegaze roots, post-rock grew to denote further elaborations on this style. Bands from

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516-488: The 2000s due to the use of many of their tracks, particularly their 2005 single " Hoppípolla ", in TV soundtracks and film trailers. These bands' popularity was attributed to a move towards a more conventional rock oriented sound with simpler song structures and increasing utilization of pop hooks, also being regarded as a new atmospheric style of indie rock. Following a 13-year hiatus, experimental rock band Swans began releasing

559-500: The 2000s, in tandem with fellow critic and blogger Mark Fisher , Reynolds made use of Jacques Derrida 's concept of hauntology to describe a strain of music and popular art preoccupied with the disjointed temporality and "lost futures" of contemporary culture. Reynolds has voted in a number of year-end critics' polls, most often for The Wire ' s Rewind and for The Village Voice ' s Pazz & Jop . Since 2011, when The Wire renamed its year-end poll from Records of

602-600: The Beatles , writer Christopher Porterfield hails the band and producer George Martin 's creative use of the recording studio, declaring that this is "leading an evolution in which the best of current post-rock sounds are becoming something that pop music has never been before an art form." Another pre-1994 example of the term in use can be found in an April 1992 review of 1990s noise-pop band The Earthmen by Steven Walker in Melbourne music publication Juke , where he describes

645-644: The March 1994 issue of Mojo magazine. In late 1994, Reynolds moved to the East Village in Manhattan . In 1995, with his wife, Joy Press , Reynolds co-authored The Sex Revolts: Gender, Rebellion and Rock 'n' Roll , a critical analysis of gender in rock. In 1998 Reynolds became a senior editor at Spin magazine in the US. In 1999, he returned to freelance work. In 2013, a second expanded update of Energy Flash

688-496: The Senile Man (Part One) (1979) as "a door opening on multi-faceted post-rock music," citing its drawing on avant-garde, noise and jazz. This Heat are regarded as having predated the genre, while also being credited as an influence on bands in the first wave of post-rock. Their music has been compared directly to Slint , Swans and Stereolab . Stump were referred to as "a significant precursor to post-rock" due to

731-510: The UK, and became a writer on the development of what he would later conceptualise as the " hardcore continuum" along with its surrounding culture such as pirate radio. Much of this writing was later published in Energy Flash: a Journey Through Rave Music and Dance Culture (1998), a history of the breakbeat , house , techno and later rave genres like jungle music and gabber . The book

774-440: The associated scene of artists. The term has since developed to refer to bands oriented around dramatic and suspense-driven instrumental rock , making the term controversial among listeners and artists alike. The concept of "post-rock" was initially developed by critic Simon Reynolds , who used the term in his review of Bark Psychosis' album Hex , published in the March 1994 issue of Mojo magazine. Reynolds expanded upon

817-524: The early 1980s, he attended Brasenose College, Oxford University . After graduating, in 1984 he co-founded the Oxford-based pop culture journal Monitor with his friends and future Melody Maker colleagues Paul Oldfield and David Stubbs along with Hilary Little and Chris Scott. In 1986, Reynolds joined the staff of Melody Maker , where his writing was marked by enthusiasm for a wave of neo-psychedelic rock and hip hop artists that emerged in

860-477: The early 1990s such as Slint or, earlier, Talk Talk , were later recognized as influential on post-rock. Despite the fact that the two bands are very different from one another, with Talk Talk emerging from art rock and new wave and Slint emerging from post-hardcore , they both have had a driving influence on the way post-rock progressed throughout the 1990s. Groups such as Tortoise, Cul de Sac , and Gastr del Sol , as well as more ambient-oriented bands from

903-455: The exploration of textures and timbres as well as non- rock styles, often with minimal or no vocals , placing less emphasis on conventional song structures or riffs than on atmosphere for musically evocative purposes. Post-rock artists can often combine rock instrumentation and rock stylings with electronics and digital production as a means of enabling the exploration of textures, timbres and different styles. The genre emerged within

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946-437: The first post-rock group". Their second album Metal Box (1979) almost completely abandoned traditional rock and roll structures in favor of dense, repetitive dub and krautrock inspired soundscapes and John Lydon 's cryptic, stream-of-consciousness lyrics. The year before Metal Box was released, PiL bassist Jah Wobble declared that "rock is obsolete". Dean McFarlane of AllMusic describes Alternative TV 's Vibing Up

989-406: The first wave of post-rock. Post-rock pieces can be lengthy and instrumental, containing repetitive build-ups of timbres , dynamics and textures. Vocals are often omitted from post-rock; however, this does not necessarily mean they are absent entirely. When vocals are included, the use is typically non-traditional: some post-rock bands employ vocals as purely instrumental efforts and incidental to

1032-401: The first wave. In the early 2000s, the term became divisive with both music critics and musicians, with it being seen as falling out of favor. It became increasingly controversial as more critics outwardly condemned its use. Some of the bands for whom the term was most frequently assigned, including Cul de Sac, Tortoise, and Mogwai, rejected the label. The wide range of styles covered by

1075-650: The group started touring, they consisted of Joseph, McIntosh, Pendrous and Panayi, as well as bassist James Grant and drummer Paul Beavis. The group has since recorded two live albums, Solace ~ Live at Real World Studios , featuring the usual touring group. The group have also released a second EP, Eventide in September 2023, which features songs not recorded for Solace and was recorded at Peter Gabriel ’s Real World Studios . and features guests Grant Howard ( Hammond organ , Wurlitzer piano , synths ) and Matt Gainsford (additional guitar pad on "Grow Dark") . In 2024,

1118-536: The group teamed up with vocalist Martin Smith and guitarist Stuart Gerrard , both formerly of Delirious? , and recorded a new self titled EP, also featuring Grant Howard (Hammond organ, synth), Daniel Newberry (saxophone), Ryan Rich (synth bass), Anita Tatlow (vocals). The group also played two live dates with Smith in November 2024. Post-rock Post-rock is a subgenre of experimental rock characterized by

1161-530: The idea later in the May 1994 issue of The Wire . Referring to the artists Seefeel , Disco Inferno , Techno Animal , Robert Hampson , and Insides , Reynolds used the term to describe music "using rock instrumentation for non-rock purposes, using guitars as facilitators of timbre and textures rather than riffs and power chords ". He further expounded on the term that [p]erhaps the really provocative area for future development lies [...] in cyborg rock; not

1204-424: The krautrock of the 1970s, particularly borrowing elements of the " motorik ", the characteristic krautrock rhythm. Post-rock compositions can often make use of repetition of musical motifs and subtle changes with an extremely wide range of dynamics. In some respects, this is similar to the music of Steve Reich , Philip Glass and Brian Eno , pioneers of minimalism who were acknowledged influences on bands in

1247-497: The mid-1980s (including A.R. Kane , My Bloody Valentine , Public Enemy , Throwing Muses and the Young Gods ). During this period, Reynolds and his Melody Maker colleagues set themselves in opposition to what they characterized as the conservative humanism of the era's indie rock , soul , and pop music , as well as the unadventurous style and approach of most music criticism. Pieces from this late Eighties era would form

1290-446: The music and acts as another instrument." Often, in lieu of typical rock structures like the verse-chorus form , post-rock groups make greater use of soundscapes. Simon Reynolds states in his essay "Post-Rock" from Audio Culture that "A band's journey through rock to post-rock usually involves a trajectory from narrative lyrics to stream-of-consciousness to voice-as-texture to purely instrumental music". Reynolds' conclusion defines

1333-483: The relationship between white bohemian rock and black street music. In 2008, an updated edition of Energy Flash was published, with new chapters on the decade of dance music following the appearance of the first edition. In 2009, a companion volume to Rip It Up and Start Again was published, Totally Wired: Postpunk Interviews and Overviews , containing interview transcripts and new essays. In 2011, Reynolds published Retromania: Pop Culture's Addiction to Its Own Past ,

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1376-401: The remixed collection Blissed Out: The Raptures of Rock , published in 1990. In 1990, Reynolds left the staff of Melody Maker (although he would continue to contribute to the magazine until 1996) and became a freelance writer, splitting his time between London and New York. In the early 1990s, he became involved in rave culture and the electronic dance music scene, particularly that of

1419-549: The sound, rather than a more traditional use where "clean", easily interpretable vocals are important for poetic and lyrical meaning. When present, post-rock vocals are often soft or droning and are typically infrequent or present in irregular intervals, and have abstract or impersonal lyrics. Sigur Rós , a band known for their distinctive vocals, fabricated a language they called "Hopelandic" ("Vonlenska" in Icelandic), which they described as "a form of gibberish vocals that fits to

1462-651: The sporadic progression from rock, with its field of sound and lyrics to post-rock, where samples are manipulated, stretched and looped. Wider experimentation and blending of other genres have taken hold in the post-rock scene. Cult of Luna , Isis , Russian Circles , Palms , Deftones , and Pelican fused metal with post-rock styles, with the resulting sound being termed post-metal . More recently, sludge metal has grown and evolved to include (and in some cases fuse completely with) some elements of post-rock. This second wave of sludge metal has been pioneered by bands such as Giant Squid and Battle of Mice . This new sound

1505-419: The substyle of ambient pop . Artists such as Talk Talk and Slint were credited with producing foundational works in the style in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The term "post-rock" was notably employed by journalist Simon Reynolds in a review of Bark Psychosis ' 1994 album Hex . With the release of Tortoise 's 1996 album Millions Now Living Will Never Die , post-rock became an accepted term for

1548-480: The term include its employment in a 1975 article by American journalist James Wolcott about musician Todd Rundgren , although with a different meaning. It was also used in the Rolling Stone Album Guide to name a style roughly corresponding to " avant-rock " or "out-rock". The earliest use of the term cited by Reynolds dates back as far as September 1967. In a Time cover story feature on

1591-562: The term not to be of his own coinage, writing in his blog "I discovered many years later it had been floating around for over a decade." In 2021, Reynolds reflected on the evolution of the style, saying that the term had developed in meaning during the 21st century, no longer referring to "left-field UK guitar groups engaged in a gradual process of abandoning songs [and exploring] texture, effects processing, and space," but instead coming to signify "epic and dramatic instrumental rock, not nearly as post- as it likes to think it is." Earlier uses of

1634-473: The term, they and others have claimed, robbed it of its individuality. As part of the second wave of post-rock, Explosions in the Sky , 65daysofstatic , This Will Destroy You , Do Make Say Think, Godspeed You! Black Emperor, and Mono became some of the more popular post-rock bands of the new millennium. Sigur Rós, with the release of Ágætis byrjun in 1999, became among the most well known post-rock bands of

1677-454: The wholehearted embrace of Techno 's methodology, but some kind of interface between real time, hands-on playing and the use of digital effects and enhancement. Reynolds, in a July 2005 entry in his blog, said that he had used the concept of "post-rock" before using it in Mojo , previously referring to it in a feature on Insides for music newspaper Melody Maker . He also said he later found

1720-654: Was also put in contact with guitarist Robbie McIntosh , an associate of Talk Talk, Paul McCartney and the Pretenders . The two then reached out to pianist Lawrence Pendrous, woodwind player Andy Panayi (both of whom played on Mark Hollis ), and to late era Talk Talk bassist Simon Edwards. They all agreed to join the project. The group released their first EP, Solace , in April 2022. It featured Joseph, McIntosh, Ditcham, Pendrous, Panayi, Edwards, Renwick, David Knopfler , Eric Bibb and Gary Alesbrook among others. When

1763-522: Was published that same year in America in abridged form, with the title Generation Ecstasy: Into the World of Techno and Rave Culture . During this time, he also theorized the concept of " post-rock ", using the term first in a Melody Maker 1993 feature about Insides and then in a more developed form in a May 1994 thinkpiece for The Wire and in a review of Bark Psychosis ' album Hex , published in

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1806-506: Was published, with new material on the rise of dubstep to worldwide popularity and the EDM or Electronic Dance Music explosion in America. In 2005, Reynolds released Rip It Up and Start Again: Postpunk 1978–1984 , a history of the post-punk era. In 2007, Reynolds published Bring the Noise: 20 Years of Writing about Hip Rock and Hip Hop in the UK, a collection of his writing themed around

1849-513: Was the home of a variety of post-rock associated performers. John McEntire of Tortoise and Jim O'Rourke of Brise-Glace , both of Gastr Del Sol, were important for many of these groups, with them both also producing multiple albums by Stereolab in the 1990s and 2000s. One of the most eminent post-rock locales is Montreal, where Godspeed You! Black Emperor and related groups, including Silver Mt. Zion and Fly Pan Am , recorded on Constellation Records ; these groups are generally characterized by

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