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97-443: Marubeni was founded in 1858, where the founder Chubei Itoh moved out of the family business and started a linen trading business with his uncle. It was established in 1918 as Itochu Shoten, Ltd. in a spin-off of certain sales divisions of C. Itoh & Co. ( Itochu ) into a separate entity. Itochu Shoten merged with Itoh Chobei Shoten in 1921 to form Marubeni Shoten, Ltd. under the leadership of Chobei Itoh IX. Marubeni started out as

194-785: A 34% stake in Isuzu was seen in 1972, when the Chevrolet LUV became the first Isuzu-built vehicle to be sold in the United States. While the company had a long relationship with GM going back to the 1920s, Isuzu introduced the Gemini in 1974 which was co-produced with General Motors as the T-body Chevrolet Chevette . A modified version was sold in the United States as Buick's Opel by Isuzu , and in Australia as

291-704: A 767 freighter on an overnight Kansai-Haneda- Saga -Kansai route on weeknights, which is used by overnight delivery services to send parcels to and from destinations in Kyushu . ANA established a 767 freighter operation in 2006 through a JV with Japan Post , Nippon Express and Mitsui , called ANA & JP Express . ANA announced a second freighter joint venture called Allex in 2008, with Kintetsu World Express , Nippon Express , MOL Logistics and Yusen Air & Sea as JV partners. Allex merged with ANA subsidiary Overseas Courier Services (OCS) , an overseas periodical distribution company, in 2009, and ANA & JP Express

388-617: A Japanese company, and the largest investment by foreigners in a Chinese state-owned enterprise. In March 2016, Itochu recorded JPY 352.2 bil in PAT in the fiscal year which ranked itself as the most profitable sogo shosha for its first time. The natural resources commodity price was decreased during the fiscal year ended in March 2016, which made its competitors Mitsubishi Corporation and Mitsui & Co Ltd fell in profits. In July 2016, an American short seller Glaucus Research Group published

485-587: A US$ 54.6 million criminal penalty to settle multiple US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) charges relating to its work as an agent for the TSKJ joint venture. The TSKJ joint venture comprising Technip , Snamprogetti Netherlands, Kellogg Brown & Root ( KBR ) and JGC Corporation hired Marubeni to bribe lower-level Nigerian government officials to help it achieve contracts to build LNG facilities on Bonny Island in Nigeria . TSKJ paid Marubeni US$ 51 million which

582-574: A corporate restructuring plan centered on the separation of the manufacturing and trading divisions. It was decided to split into four new companies: ITOCHU Corporation, Marubeni Corporation , and Amagasaki Nail Works, Ltd. The constituent companies of Daiken were spun off from each other in December 1949 as part of GHQ efforts to dismantle the war-era zaibatsu . Itoh re-listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in 1950. On December 1, 1949,

679-415: A date to be agreed by the two companies. ANA is also considering a future merger of ANA Cargo and NCA. ANA has an extensive domestic route network that covers the entirety of Japan, from Hokkaido in the north to Okinawa in the south. ANA's international route network extends through China, Korea, India, Southeast Asia, Canada, United States, Mexico, Australia, and Western Europe. Its key international hub

776-459: A de Havilland Dove. It adopted the DC-3 in early 1957, by which point its route network extended through southern Japan from Tokyo to Kagoshima . Far East Airlines merged with the newly named All Nippon Airways in March 1958. The combined companies had a total market capitalization of 600 million yen , and the result of the merger was Japan's largest private airline. The merged airline received

873-404: A final retirement process through September 2006, all YS-11s were grounded, and obligated to retire, unless privately owned and were privately restored. The YS-11 was a big part of All Nippon Airways from the 1970s to the early 1990s when it was used on domestic operations. ANA flew its last flight of an Airbus A321-100 on 29 February 2008. This marked the end of almost ten years of operation of

970-835: A fleet of six freighter aircraft, Including four Boeing 767-300ER (BCF) and two Boeing 777 F. ANA's freighters operate on 18 international routes and 6 domestic routes. ANA operates an overnight cargo hub at Naha Airport in Okinawa , which receives inbound freighter flights from key destinations in Japan, China and Southeast Asia between 1 and 4 a.m., followed by return flights between 4 and 6 a.m., allowing overnight service between these regional hubs as well as onward connections to other ANA and partner carrier flights. The 767 freighters also operate daytime flights from Narita and Kansai to various destinations in East and Southeast Asia. ANA also operates

1067-408: A general sales agency agreement with Roots, a British automobile manufacturer, and it established an aircraft section to respond to the resumption of civil aviation. and moved to acquire import agency rights for foreign aircraft manufacturers in 1952. As for oil, the company took dynamic measures one after another, such as becoming an agent for Standard Oil , a major US oil company, and participating in

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1164-507: A growth period in the 1970s. The company's long-held vision of “Enhancing non-textile businesses - Diversification” was finally realized, and it rapidly expanded operations as a general trading company. In 1972 Itoh became the first Japanese trading company allowed to do business in the People's Republic of China . It publicly announced that it would comply with the “Four Japan-China trading conditions” on December 14, 1971, and then established

1261-416: A high proportion of textiles, expanded significantly from this time on non-textiles, and the transaction volume accounted for 13% of total sales (fiscal year ended March 1951). Starting out as a textile trading company, it expanded its business in non-textile fields such as aircraft, automobiles, petroleum, and machinery, and accelerated its progress towards generalization. In March 1950, the company concluded

1358-532: A liberal economic system. Itoh resumed business in the wake of the war by bartering Japanese textiles for foreign grain, and resumed trading in petroleum, aircraft, automobiles and machinery to meet UN forces requirements during the Korean War . It was Uichiro Kosuge, president of the company, who led the post-war relaunch of Itochu. The new Itochu established its head office at 2-36 Honmachi, Higashi-ku, Osaka, and began domestic sales and import/export operations in

1455-622: A new Japanese name ( 全日本空輸 ; Zen Nippon Kūyu ; All Japan Air Transport). The new united airline ran a route network that was amalgamated from its two predecessors, and the company logo of the larger NH was chosen to serve as its logo. ANA grew through the 1960s, adding the Vickers Viscount to the fleet in 1960 and the Fokker F27 in 1961. October 1961 marked ANA's debut on the Tokyo Stock Exchange as well as

1552-422: A normalization of diplomatic relations between Japan and China. In the 1970s, the company became part of the "Kawasaki Group" within the keiretsu of Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank (now Mizuho Corporate Bank ), eventually displacing Nissho Iwai as the keiretsu's dominant trading company. Itoh's affiliation with the keiretsu was significantly looser than other keiretsu-affiliated trading companies, and many firms within

1649-431: A powerful group of followers known as the "Sejima Machine." In 1970, Sejima and his younger protege Minoru Murofushi arranged a joint venture between General Motors and Isuzu , one of the first tie-ups between US and Japanese automakers. In 1971, the company successfully assisted in arranging a basic contract for cooperation between General Motors of the United States and Isuzu of Japan. The first investment of GM taking

1746-604: A president and CEO since April 2013, when a new parent company was formed. The chairman of All Nippon Airways became the chairman of the holding company, and All Nippon Airways ceased to have its own chairman. The following is a list of presidents and CEOs, along with the year of their appointment: All Nippon Airways is headquartered at the Shiodome City Center in the Shiodome area in Minato, Tokyo , Japan. In

1843-454: A report critical of Itochu's accounting practices, causing a stock price dip of around 10%. In May 2017, Itochu acquired 10.1% share of Yanase which is an importer distributor of automobiles such as Mercedes-Benz, through TOB , which made Itochu to be 50.1% shareholder. Itochu participated in its equity earlier in 2003, and acquired further share to be a 66% shareholder in 2018. In August 2018, Itochu acquired 8.6% share of FamilyMart which

1940-517: A secret agreement with Airbus to make additional orders in the future (number and model(s) of aircraft unidentified) in exchange for Airbus support of ANA plans to invest in bankrupt Skymark Airlines . Also in 2015, ANA placed orders for the since cancelled 15 Mitsubishi Regional Jets for regional flights, which were to be operated by ANA Wings . On 29 January 2016, ANA signed a purchase agreement with Airbus , covering firm orders for three Airbus A380s , for delivery from fiscal 2018 to operate on

2037-516: A section within the company dedicated to China and began initiatives to actively promote trade. When a mission led by then President Mr. Echigo visited China in March 1972, ITOCHU was officially recognized as a friendly trading company by the Chinese government, and continued to play significant roles in promoting friendship and trade between Japan and China. Soon after this appointment, on September 29, 1972, Japanese Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka achieved

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2134-512: A service agreement with American Airlines to feed the US carrier's new flights to Narita . ANA expanded its international services gradually: to Beijing , Dalian , Hong Kong and Sydney in 1987; to Seoul in 1988; to London and Saipan in 1989; to Paris in 1990 and to New York and Singapore in 1991. Airbus equipment such as the A320 and A321 was added to the fleet in the early 1990s, as

2231-539: A strong information technology business in the 1980s through its subsidiary C. Itoh Techno-Science (CTC) , which acted as a Japan distributor for Sun Microsystems , Cisco , Oracle and others. After the economic miracle and consequent asset price bubble the country experienced a recession period the lost decade . Trying to deflate speculation and keep inflation in check, the Bank of Japan sharply raised inter-bank lending rates in late 1989. This sharp policy caused

2328-518: A stronger trading company partner for the bank's corporate customers. Marubeni and Fuji Bank developed a network of corporate clients which was formalized as the Fuyo Group keiretsu in the 1960s, paralleling the development of the DKB Group and Sanwa Group . The Fuyo Group included Hitachi , Nissan , Canon , Showa Denko , Kubota and Nippon Steel . Marubeni, like other sogo shosha ,

2425-492: A technical partnership with NCA. ANA announced in July 2013 that it would charter NCA's 747 freighter aircraft for an overnight cargo run between Narita and Okinawa, doubling capacity between ANA's key cargo hubs and freeing up 767 aircraft to operate new routes from Okinawa to Nagoya and Qingdao. On 7 March 2023, Nippon Yusen and ANA Holdings announced that ANA would acquire all shares of NCA from Nippon Yusen by 1 October 2023, or

2522-406: A textile trading firm and expanded to trade in other consumer and industrial goods during the 1920s. Marubeni was re-combined with Itochu during World War II to form Sanko Kabushiki Kaisha Ltd. (1941–44) and Daiken Company, Ltd. (1944–48). This conglomerate was dismantled in the wake of the war and Marubeni again emerged as a separate trading company in 1949. Post-war Marubeni was predominantly

2619-471: A textile trading firm at its outset, but diversified into machinery, metals and chemicals, with textiles barely forming a majority of its business by the end of the decade. Marubeni merged with Takashimaya-Iida, a trading company that owned the Takashimaya department store chain, in 1955, changing its name to Marubeni-Iida from 1955 to 1972. The merger was orchestrated by Fuji Bank in order to create

2716-630: Is Narita International Airport , where it shares the South Wing of Terminal 1 with its Star Alliance partners, though Haneda Airport is becoming a major international hub due to its close proximity with downtown Tokyo and the mass expansions occurring there. ANA's international network currently focuses on business destinations; its only remaining "resort" routes are its routes from Haneda and Narita to Honolulu; past resort routes such as Narita-Guam, Kansai-Honolulu and Nagoya-Honolulu have been cancelled, although ANA plans to expand resort service in

2813-429: Is Japan's second largest convenience store chain behind 7-Eleven , through TOB , which made Itochu the 50.1% shareholder. Itochu participated in its equity earlier in 1998, and, after merging other competitors including CircleK , acquired further share to be a 95% shareholder in 2021. In 2019 and 2020, Itochu was ranked the most popular employer for newly minted Japanese university graduates. Itochu has remained one of

2910-752: Is a Japanese airline headquartered in Minato , Tokyo. ANA operates services to both domestic and international destinations and is Japan's largest airline, ahead of its main rival flag carrier Japan Airlines . As of April 2023, the airline has approximately 12,800 employees. The airline joined as a Star Alliance member in October 1999. In addition to its mainline operations, ANA controls several subsidiary passenger carriers, such as its regional airline ANA Wings , Air Nippon , Air Do (a low-cost carrier operating scheduled service between Tokyo and cities in Hokkaido ), Air Japan and Allex Cargo (ANA Cargo –

3007-630: Is a Japanese corporation based in Umeda , Kita-ku, Osaka and Aoyama , Minato, Tokyo . It is one of the largest Japanese sogo shosha (general trading and investment companies) distinguished by the strength of its textile business and its successful business operations in China. Itochu was ranked 72nd on the 2020 list of Fortune Global 500 companies, with an annual trading revenue of US$ 100 billion. Itochu's business has eight major operational divisions, "Division Company". ITOCHU's Osaka headquarters

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3104-944: Is located at the North Gate Building , 1–3, Umeda 3-Chome, Kita-ku, Osaka , Japan. Its Tokyo headquarters is located at 5-1 Kita-Aoyama 2-Chome, Minato, Tokyo , Japan. ITOCHU also has seven branch offices in Japan, sixteen offices and local subsidiaries in China, 24 in Asia, eight in the CIS , four in Australia, fifteen in the Middle East, eight in Africa, twelve in Europe, ten in North America and nine in Latin America. Itochu started in 1858, shortly after

3201-629: Is merged with Daido Boeki Kaisha, Ltd. and Kureha Cotton Spinning Co., Ltd. to form Daiken Co., Ltd. In August 1945, Japan accepted the Potsdam Declaration , and the World War II ended with Japan's unconditional surrender and defeat. In the chaos after the war, the company's employees working overseas and their families returned to their home country of Japan for about two years from September 1945 to September 1947, whose number reached 1077. The Allied Forces , which occupied Japan at

3298-494: Is the top shareholder of AJV. It absorbed Air Japan's freighter operations. Air Transport World named ANA its 2007 "Airline of the Year". In 2006, the airline was recognized by FlightOnTime.info as the most punctual scheduled airline between London and Tokyo for the last four consecutive years, based on official British statistics. Japan Airlines took over the title in 2007. In 2009, ANA announced plans to test an idea as part of

3395-549: Is transformed into a public stock company "C. Itoh & Co., Ltd." The New York branch office is opened. Itoh's company grew considerably in the wake of World War I , with offices in the United States , India , the Philippines and China, and the firm began to handle machinery, automobiles and metals in addition to its core business of textiles. However, a recession in 1920 left the company deeply in debt, and unlike

3492-650: Is working on Japan's first offshore wind farm as well as floating turbine demonstrations. Marubeni's head office moved to the Tokyo Nihombashi Tower ( ja ) in 2016. The company constructed a new dedicated head office building in 2021 and moved back to the original place in Chiyoda. The company has a total of twelve offices in Japan, 58 overseas offices and 29 overseas subsidiaries with 33 offices. The head office of Marubeni in Otemachi (Tokyo) operates

3589-511: The Chūbu region along with other partnerships, maintains a permanent seat on ANA's board of directors . By 1974, ANA had Japan's largest domestic airline network. While ANA's domestic operations grew, the Ministry of Transport had granted government-owned JAL a monopoly on international scheduled flights that lasted until 1986. ANA was allowed to operate international charter flights: its first

3686-540: The Holden Gemini . As a result of the collaboration, certain American GM products were sold to Japanese customers through Isuzu dealerships. The company assisted Isuzu to export also increased considerably as a result of being able to use GM networks, from 0.7% of production in 1973 to 35.2% by 1976; this while overall production increased more than fourfold in the same period. Itoh absorbed Ataka & Co. ,

3783-474: The International Court of Justice ordered Israel the prior month to prevent alleged acts of genocide against Palestinians and to do more to help the region's civilians. It also purchased Big Motor following a series of scandals, finalising the transaction on 1 May. All Nippon Airways All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd. ( 全日本空輸株式会社 , Zen Nippon Kūyu Kabushiki gaisha , ANA )

3880-589: The Japanese asset price bubble , particularly domestic real estate investments, brought it down to third place by the middle of the decade. In the 1990s, Itochu made several investments in the media industry, including a minority stake in Time Warner and investments in cable and satellite delivery systems. In 1997, the company introduced "Division Company" system, which is to till today. With ITOCHU's operations in Japan and overseas becoming more diversified and

3977-532: The NAMC YS-11 in 1965, replacing Convair 440s on local routes. In 1969, ANA introduced Boeing 737 services. As ANA grew it started to contract travel companies across Japan to handle ground services in each region. Many of these companies received shares in ANA as part of their deals. Some of these relationships continue today in different forms: for instance, Nagoya Railroad , which handled ANA's operations in

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4074-717: The Osaka Securities Exchange . 1963 saw another merger, with Fujita Airlines , raising the company's capital to 4.65 billion yen. In 1965 ANA introduced its first jet, the Boeing 727 trijet, on the Tokyo-Sapporo route. Prior to this, the Japan Civil Aviation Bureau denied an import license for ANA's 727s unless Japan Airlines (JAL) acquired their own fleet of 727s. ANA also introduced Japan's first homegrown turboprop airliner,

4171-487: The bribery of Japanese government officials to support the sales of Lockheed aircraft in Japan; the scandal also led to several suicides and the arrest of Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka . In 1986, Marubeni was found to have bribed Filipino President Ferdinand Marcos and several of his friends and associates in connection with Japanese ODA work in the Philippines. In January 2012, Marubeni Corporation agreed to pay

4268-598: The opening of Japan to foreign trade, when Chubei Itoh ( 伊藤 忠兵衛 , Itō Chūbei ) began door-to-door wholesaling of linen in the regions between Osaka and Kyushu . Itoh founded the "Benichu" drapery store in the Honmachi district of Osaka in 1872. This site was renamed "Itoh Honten" in 1884 and became the Itoh Thread and Yarn Store in 1893 In the following year, he traveled as far as Nagasaki via Okayama, Hiroshima, and Shimonoseki. At this time, Japan concluded

4365-596: The Bino and Kanto regions. At that time, the Fushimi-machi area was the center of drapery wholesalers, while Honmachi was attracting many used clothing merchants. Despite this, in selecting the base of his business in Osaka, Chubei Itoh I chose Honmachi, anticipating the future development of the Honmachi area. He is said to have chosen Honmachi because it was accessible by road from Kawaguchi-cho, where boats could dock, and

4462-456: The DKB group did not use Itoh's services at all. Former Imperial Japanese Army staff officer Ryuzo Sejima joined Itoh in 1958 after spending 11 years in a Siberian prison. Four years later, he was promoted to director and became Itoh's head of corporate planning, implementing a military-style internal reporting system. He went on to serve as president and chairman of the company, having developed

4559-864: The Marubeni Gallery museum, which holds exhibitions mainly of textiles and paintings. The Marubeni Gallery also publishes books about its exhibitions. Marubeni Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries use their broad business networks, both within Japan and overseas, to conduct importing and exporting (including third country trading), as well as domestic business, encompassing a diverse range of business activities across wide-ranging fields including lifestyle, ICT & real estate business, forest products, food, agri business, chemicals, energy, metals & mineral resources, power business, infrastructure project, aerospace & ship, finance & leasing business, construction, industrial machinery & mobility, and next generation business development. Additionally,

4656-503: The Marubeni Group offers a variety of services, makes internal and external investments, and is involved in resource development throughout all of the above industries. Marubeni's business is organized in six groups(as of March 2022): In the early 1970s Marubeni was accused of hoarding rice on the black market for profiteering purposes. In 1976, numerous Marubeni and All Nippon Airways executives were arrested in connection with

4753-474: The Osaka Head Office in a dual head-office structure. After gaining support from the United States and achieving domestic economic reform, Japan's economy was able to soar from the 1950s to the 1970s. After the first oil-price shock struck Japan ( 1973 oil crisis ), the country's economy has entered a steady increasing stage till 1990'. (Refer to Japanese economic miracle ) The company also entered

4850-518: The Tokyo (Narita) to Honolulu route. On 11 July 2022, ANA converted two of its 777-9 orders into the freighter variant 777-8F. ANA was the launch customer for the new Boeing widebody, the Boeing 787 Dreamliner , ordering 50 examples with an option for 50 more in April 2004. ANA split the order between 30 of the short-range 787-3 and 20 of the long-haul 787-8. However, ANA later converted its −3 orders to

4947-528: The Tokyo-Sapporo and Tokyo-Fukuoka routes in 1976 and Boeing 767s in 1983 on Shikoku routes. The carrier's first B747s were the short-range SR variant, designed for Japanese domestic routes. In 1986, ANA began to expand beyond Japan's key domestic carrier to become a competitive international carrier as well. On 3 March 1986, ANA started scheduled international flights with a passenger service from Tokyo to Guam . Flights to Los Angeles and Washington, D.C. , followed by year's end, and ANA also entered

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5044-660: The Treaty of Amity and Commerce with five countries, namely the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, and the Netherlands, opening an era of free trade. The sight of foreigners, battleships, and foreign trading posts astonished Chubei and sparked his curiosity. He became convinced of the limitless potential of commerce. Chubei opened Benchu, a drapery store at Honmachi 2-chome, Higashi-ku, Osaka, east of Nakahashisuji. Benchu mainly handled linen and fabrics from

5141-483: The airline preceded launch customer Air New Zealand for the first commercial flight on the 787-9, a special sightseeing charter for Japanese and American school children on 4 August. The NAMC YS-11 was an important aircraft for All Nippon Airways, although most of them were used under the name of ANK, or Air Nippon, a subsidiary of All Nippon Airways. The final YS-11 in operation was retired in 2006. Some YS-11s are in museums, or otherwise scrapped or taken apart. After

5238-704: The airline's "e-flight" campaign, encouraging passengers on select flights to visit the airport restroom before they board. On 10 November of the same year, ANA also announced "Inspiration of JAPAN", ANA's newest international flight concept, with redesigned cabins initially launched on its 777-300ER aircraft. In July 2011, All Nippon Airways and AirAsia agreed to form a low-cost carrier , called AirAsia Japan , based at Tokyo 's Narita International Airport . ANA held 51 percent shares and AirAsia held 33 percent voting shares and 16 percent non-voting shares through its wholly owned subsidiary, AA International. The carrier lasted until October 2013, when AirAsia withdrew from

5335-585: The best Japanese company at increasing enterprise value in 2013, citing management's efforts to maximize return on equity . In September 2018, The Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF), Marubeni Corporation and Russia's AEON Corporation agreed to develop an industrial facility in Volgograd . The total investment is estimated at over $ 800 million with construction due to start in 2020. In September 2018, Marubeni announced to shift from coal to renewable energy resources. Berkshire Hathaway acquired over 5% of

5432-478: The bursting of the bubble, and the Japanese stock market crashed . In the two decades starting from such period, the company experienced the challenges and restructured its portfolio. On October 1, 1992, C. Itoh & Co. Ltd. changed its English name to Itochu Corporation, a more direct transliteration of its Japanese name. By the early 1990s Itochu had become the largest trading company in Japan, but losses from

5529-587: The co-promotion of a world-scale Polypropylene Project with a capacity of 250,000 tonnes per annum at a total project cost of Rs. 525 Crores, at Hazira in the State of Gujarat . With a $ 50 million cost for a 15 percent stake, it was at that point, the largest investment in India by a Japanese firm. Itoh also marketed products—under their own label—as diverse as a line of bicycles (mostly manufactured by Bridgestone), and computer printers. Itochu began to develop

5626-694: The company in the Logistics Department, which was in charge of packing, shipping, and transporting products, he refined himself as a young manager and embarked on reforming the management of the Ito Head Office. In 1908, he integrated the scattered businesses of the Ito family, organized 'Ito Chubei Headquarters', and served as its representative. This was an epoch-making organizational reform since Chubei I founded Benichu in Osaka 36 years ago. The headquarters decided management policies for each of

5723-490: The company was incorporated . Daiken Co., Ltd., a company created from the merger of trading and manufacturing firms during World War II, separates into C. Itoh & Co., Ltd., Kureha Cotton Spinning Co., Ltd., Marubeni Co., Ltd., and Amagasaki Nail Works, Ltd. The inflation that had continued since the end of the war was brought under control by the Dodge Line , and from around 1949, Japan accelerated its progress toward

5820-419: The cost of land was less than a half that in Fushimi-machi. Once Benchu was open, Chubei drew up a charter. In it, he set out his workers' rights and duties, unique for the time, to ensure that all workers, including junior staff, could work to their utmost capabilities. Chubei opened Itoh Itomise, a cotton thread wholesale store, at Azuchi-cho 2-chome, Higashi-ku, Osaka. Under Chubei Itoh I, the general manager,

5917-593: The end of the war, followed the policy of destroying Japan's military power and establishing a democratic political and economic system. In 1946, Daiken Co., Ltd. was designated as a restricted company along with 46 subsidiaries, and was placed under the strict supervision of the Holding Company Liquidation Committee. In 1947, in accordance with the Law for Elimination of Excessive Concentration of Economic Power, Daiken Co., Ltd. decided on

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6014-435: The era was changed to Taisho. In 1913, he established a cotton yarn department, but in July 1914, World War I began, and he experienced a sharp drop in the market prices of raw silk and cotton yarn. Uncertainty about the course of the war caused the Japanese economy to temporarily fall into turmoil, with the stock market, raw silk and cotton yarn trading prices crashing, and bank runs on bank runs. In 1918, "C. Itoh & Co."

6111-637: The export department of the Ito head office independent as the Ito export store, and opening branch offices one after another in Shanghai, South Korea, the Philippines, and Manila. Chubei II was infused with the business aspirations and enterprising spirit of Chubei I. He travelled to London in 1910 and began direct procurement and financing for the business in the London markets, which considerably improved its margins, as it had previously used more expensive intermediaries in Japan. In 1912, Emperor Meiji died and

6208-492: The fabric industry; with some copies sold to the public). Chubei Itoh II took over the company following his father's death in 1903. The Russo-Japanese War , which began that year, ended with Japan's victory. When Chubei II was in charge of Itochu's management, the business of the Ito head office was booming due to the victorious boom brought about by the Russo-Japanese War. When Chubei II took his first steps at

6305-523: The first Japanese companies to move away from the traditional seniority-based pay scale, adopting a base pay scale based on responsibilities, impact and value of each position as well as a performance-linked bonus system. Itochu also spun off CTC in 1999, only to see CTC quickly achieve a market capitalization more than twice that of its former parent company. In 2001, ITOCHU Corporation and Marubeni Corporation spin off and merge their respective steel divisions, launching Marubeni-Itochu Steel Inc. (MISI). At

6402-518: The four stores and one factory, and supervised personnel and fund management. In July 1908, he opened the first Tokyo branch of a Kansai yarn dealer in Ningyocho , Nihonbashi . The company opened an office in Shanghai in the 1890s and started business in Seoul in 1905, but had severe difficulties with these first overseas forays. He turned his attention to overseas markets from an early stage, making

6499-542: The freighter division operated by Air Japan ). ANA is also the largest shareholder in Peach , a low-cost carrier joint venture with Hong Kong company First Eastern Investment Group. On 29 March 2013, ANA was named a 5-Star Airline by Skytrax . ANA's earliest ancestor was Japan Helicopter and Aeroplane Transports Company ( 日本ヘリコプター輸送 , Nippon Herikoputā Yusō ) (also known as Nippon Helicopter and Aeroplane), an airline company founded on 27 December 1952. Nippon Helicopter

6596-682: The future through its low-cost subsidiary Peach Aviation . All Nippon Airways has codeshare agreements with the following airlines: As of September 2024 , All Nippon Airways operates the following aircraft: On 31 July 2014, ANA firmed up orders for 7 Airbus A320neos, 23 Airbus A321neos, 20 Boeing 777-9Xs, 14 Boeing 787-9s and 6 Boeing 777-300ERs, to be used for its short and long-haul fleet renewal. Boeing valued ANA's order at approximately $ 13 billion at list prices. On 2 February 2015, ANA placed orders with Airbus and Boeing worth $ 2.2bn for three Boeing 787-10s, five Boeing 737-800s and seven Airbus A321s. In late July 2015, ANA entered into

6693-606: The joint venture; the carrier was subsequently rebranded as Vanilla Air . In March 2018, All Nippon Airways announced the integration of its two low cost carrier subsidiaries Peach Aviation and Vanilla Air into one entity retaining the Peach name; starting in the second half of FY2018 and to be completed by the end of FY2019. On 29 January 2019, ANA Holdings purchased a 9.5% stake in PAL Holdings, Philippine Airlines ' parent company, for US$ 95 million. ANA Holdings Inc.

6790-415: The late 1960s ANA had its headquarters in the Hikokan Building in Shinbashi , Minato. From the 1970s through the late 1990s All Nippon Airways was headquartered in the Kasumigaseki Building in Chiyoda, Tokyo . Before moving into its current headquarters, ANA had its headquarters on the grounds of Tokyo International Airport in Ōta , Tokyo. In 2002 ANA announced that it was taking up to 10 floors in

6887-508: The major zaibatsu firms of the time, it had no captive bank to finance its business. In 1921, the company split in half, with one half forming what is now known as Marubeni . The company's performance improved in the 1930s, but as World War II began in the latter half of the 1930s, all trading companies' business became increasingly war-oriented. In 1941, Sanko Kabushiki Kaisha, Ltd. is established by merging of C. Itoh & Co., Marubeni Shoten Ltd., and Kishimoto Shoten Ltd. In 1944, Sanko

6984-797: The majority shareholder in Nakanihon Airline Service (NAL) headquartered in Nagoya Airport . In 2005, ANA renamed NAL to Air Central, and relocated its headquarters to Chūbu Centrair International Airport . On 12 July 2005, ANA reached a deal with NYK to sell its 27.6% share in Nippon Cargo Airlines, a joint venture formed between the two companies in 1987. The sale allowed ANA to focus on developing its own cargo division. In 2006, ANA, Japan Post , Nippon Express , and Mitsui O.S.K. Lines founded ANA & JP Express (AJV), which would operate freighters. ANA

7081-513: The management environment changing very quickly, the Company recognized that it needed to adopt a more autonomous management approach, enabling greater agility by delegating authority and responsibility to its divisions. The concept of developing a “Division Company” system was created. Consequently, an examination committee was set up in 1995 and the system was adopted in FY1997. The main purposes of

7178-490: The management of Nichibei Oil . There was also a quick response to internationalization. In 1951, the New York office was established, and a local subsidiary, Itochu America Inc. was established in 1952to prepare for the expansion of trade with the United States. Subsequently, the company name was raised high in various parts of the world, such as London, Mexico in 1953, Hamburg in 1954, Hong Kong, and Bangkok in 1955. After

7275-483: The minimum control required in line with the decentralization of authority. By adopting this new approach, ITOCHU sought to strengthen its performance and operations, while bolstering its earnings. ITOCHU becomes the first sogo shosha to receive environmental certificate ISO14001. Uichirō Niwa became president of Itochu in 1998, implementing cuts to unprofitable businesses and cutting back executive perks enjoyed by his predecessor Murofushi. In 1999, Itochu became one of

7372-530: The most popular employers for graduates of top Japanese universities since the 1990s due to their high compensation levels, employment stability and the diversity of opportunities available to prospective employees. In September 2020, Warren Buffett 's Berkshire Hathaway announced that it had acquired over 5% of the stock in the company, along with four other Japanese trading houses, over the 12-month period ending in August 2020. By April 2023, Berkshire increased

7469-496: The most profitable sogo shosha . He remained as the president till he was appointed as Chairman-CEO in 2018. In 2011, Itochu moved its Osaka headquarters to the North Gate Building adjacent to Osaka Station . In 2013, Itochu implemented a general ban on work after 8 PM with an across-the-board "lights out" policy at 10 PM while encouraging that any necessary overtime be taken in the early morning hours, reducing

7566-442: The ninth largest general trading company in Japan, in 1977. Ataka had recently suffered major losses from an oil development project in the United States and had undergone restructuring at the direction of its main lender, Sumitomo Bank . From the early 1970s Itoh was a major supplier of synthetic yarn ( polyester ) to India's Reliance Industries Limited . Over the years, the close collaboration between both companies culminated in

7663-536: The package. The aircraft entered service on the Tokyo-Okinawa route in 1974. The carrier had ordered McDonnell Douglas DC-10s but cancelled the order at the last minute and switched to Lockheed. It was later revealed that Lockheed had indirectly bribed Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka to force this switch: the scandal led to the arrest of Tanaka and several managers from ANA and Lockheed sales agent Marubeni for corruption. Boeing 747 -200s were introduced on

7760-526: The period, both ITOCHU and Marubeni have been experiencing excessive competition in the domestic market of steel and metal products and the two entities who share the same history routes filed the dialogues towards merging the similar operations into MISI. Masahiro Okafuji became president of Itochu in 2010 and announced a strategy to make Itochu the first-ranked sogo shosha in areas other than raw resources, particularly in food products and machinery. Under Okafuji's leadership, Itochu has led its way to be one of

7857-518: The stake to 7.4%. In March 2021, Itochu ended its fiscal year by becoming the most profitable (recording JPY 401.4 bil in PAT) and the most valued (recording JPY 5,685 bil in market capitalization) sogo shosha in Japan. On 5 February 2024, Itochu Chief Financial Officer Tsuyoshi Hachimura, announced that the company was to end its partnership with the Israeli military technology company Elbit after

7954-605: The stock in the company, along with four other Japanese trading houses, over the 12-month period ending in August 2020. In October 2021, Marubeni invested in B2U Storage Solutions, a Santa Monica-based startup that reuses EV batteries to a battery storage system. In January 2022, Marubeni won the sea bed right of the Scotland to construct an offshore wind farm. They have partnered with SSE Renewables and Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners. Aside of Scotland, Marubeni

8051-413: The store started with ten workers, including an assistant general manager, manager, and assistant manager. Itoh Itomise adopted a series of management systems that were revolutionary for the times, including the codifying of the sharing of profits by three stakeholders, the introduction of Western-style bookkeeping, and the issuance of Jitsugyo, a monthly business magazine (which became a leading magazine for

8148-568: The system were, first, to create an optimal management system with independent management by the Division Companies (to create a system geared to the characteristics of the Companies, enable prompt decision making through a bold decentralization of authority, and build a more sophisticated management system based on consolidated performance and balance sheets); second, to establish a small and efficient head office; and third, to achieve

8245-561: The then under-construction Shiodome City Center. ANA announced that it was also moving some subsidiaries to the Shiodome City Center. Shiodome City Center , which became ANA's headquarters, opened in 2003. ANA Group is a group of companies which are wholly or primarily owned by ANA. It comprises the following: Commercial aviation General aviation Hotels Discontinued The following airlines merged into ANA Wings on 1 October 2010 As of May 2021, ANA operated

8342-456: The three fields of textiles, machinery, and general goods. Since 1950, The Korean War gave further impetus to the Japanese economy, and ITOCHU greatly improved its performance in import and export transactions. In the mid-1950s, ITOCHU's transformation into a general trading company progressed rapidly, and against the background of exchange trade and the liberalization of exchange rates of Japanese Yen . The company's sales composition, which had

8439-474: The total amount of overtime across the company. In 2014, Itochu entered into a cross-shareholding partnership with the Thai conglomerate Charoen Pokphand (CP), and together with CP, agreed to invest over $ 8 billion in the Chinese state-owned conglomerate CITIC Limited during 2015, the largest investment ever made by a Japanese general trading company. The transaction was also the largest acquisition in China by

8536-567: The war, Itoh absorbed many smaller trading operations that could no longer stand on their own. Itoh expanded its overseas mining and petroleum exploration activity in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In 1957, The Company completes construction of a new Tokyo Branch Office building (at 2-chome, Nihonbashi Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo), and, later in 1967, The Company renames the Tokyo Branch Office the Tokyo Head Office, to join

8633-458: The −8 variant. Deliveries finally began in late 2011 when ANA received its first Boeing 787 on 21 September, the first-ever Dreamliner to be delivered in the world. ANA flew its first Boeing 787 passenger flight on 26 October 2011, which operated as a charter flight from Tokyo Narita to Hong Kong. ANA also became the second airline to receive the Boeing 787-9 on 28 July 2014. Despite being second,

8730-550: Was a Boeing 727 charter from Tokyo to Hong Kong on 21 February 1971. ANA bought its first widebody aircraft, six Lockheed L-1011s , in November 1971, following a lengthy sales effort by Lockheed which had involved negotiations between US president Richard Nixon , Japanese prime minister Kakuei Tanaka and UK prime minister Edward Heath (lobbying in favor of engine maker Rolls-Royce ). Tanaka also pressed Japanese regulators to permit ANA to operate on Asia routes as part of

8827-459: Was created in April 2013 due to the "changing landscape of the airline industry", with competition against low cost carriers cited as one of the reasons. The new holding company would have over 70 companies under it, most notably All Nippon Airways, but also low cost subsidiaries such as Peach Aviation, and other catering and ground operations companies. The holding company is led by a separate chairman and CEO. All Nippon Airways has been led by only

8924-601: Was folded into ANA in 2010. ANA Cargo and the United States–based United Parcel Service have a cargo alliance and a code-share agreement, similar to an airline alliance , to transport member cargo on UPS Airlines aircraft. ANA also has a long historical relationship with Nippon Cargo Airlines , a Narita-based operator of Boeing 747 freighters. ANA co-founded NCA with shipping company Nippon Yusen in 1978, and at one time held 27.5% of NCA's stock. ANA sold its stake to NYK in 2005, but retained

9021-504: Was hit hard by the collapse of the Japanese asset price bubble in the early 1990s and recorded its first annual net loss in 1998. The company again booked massive losses as part of a restructuring in 2001, with its stock price plummeting to 58 yen per share in December 2001. Marubeni acquired a large minority stake in the Daiei supermarket chain in 2006, which it sold to Æon Group in 2013. The Tokyo Stock Exchange recognized Marubeni as

9118-605: Was intended, in part, to be used toward Nigerian officials. Two years later, and just months after its final settlement in the Nigerian case, Marubeni was charged under the FCPA for bribing Indonesian officials in order to secure a $ 118 million power project contract for a joint venture between Marubeni and Alstom ; it agreed to pay an $ 88 million fine in connection with this case. Itochu Itochu Corporation ( 伊藤忠商事株式会社 , previously known as C. Itoh & Co. until 1992)

9215-587: Was the Boeing 747-400 jet. ANA joined the Star Alliance in October 1999. 2004 saw ANA's profits exceed JAL's for the first time. That year, facing a surplus of slots due to the construction of new airports and the ongoing expansion of Tokyo International Airport , ANA announced a fleet renewal plan that would replace some of its large aircraft with a greater number of smaller aircraft. Also in 2004, ANA set up low-cost subsidiary Air Next to operate flights from Fukuoka Airport starting in 2005, and became

9312-490: Was the source of what would later be ANA's International Air Transport Association (IATA) airline code , NH . NH began helicopter services in February 1953. On 15 December 1953, it operated its first cargo flight between Osaka and Tokyo using a de Havilland Dove , JA5008. This was the first scheduled flight flown by a Japanese pilot in postwar Japan. Passenger service on the same route began on 1 February 1954, and

9409-552: Was upgraded to a de Havilland Heron in March. In 1955, Douglas DC-3s began flying for NH as well, by which time the airline's route network extended from northern Kyūshū to Sapporo . In December 1957 Nippon Helicopter changed its name to All Nippon Airways Company. ANA's other ancestor was Far East Airlines ( 極東航空 , Kyokutō Kōkū ) . Although it was founded on 26 December 1952, one day before Nippon Helicopter, it did not begin operations until 20 January 1954, when it began night cargo runs between Osaka and Tokyo, also using

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