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41-919: For members of the Henckel von Donnersmarck family, see Henckel von Donnersmarck . Henckel may refer to: Anthony Jacob Henckel (1668–1728), German theologian who founded the first Lutheran church in North America Frithjof Henckel (born 1950), German rower Joachim Friedrich Henckel (1712–1779), Prussian surgeon at Charité hospital in Berlin Johann Friedrich Henckel (1678–1744), Prussian physician, chemist, metallurgist, and mineralogist John Henckel , Chief Justice of Jamaica in 1801 Valdemar Henckel (1877–1953), Danish businessman and real estate developer See also [ edit ] Henckel-Rennen ,

82-751: A German carrying an aristocratic title as part of his name is not allowed to carry this title in her name. The Federal Administrative Court ( Verwaltungsgerichtshof ) in a similar case asked the European Court of Justice whether this Austrian regulation would violate the right of the European Union ; the European Court of Justice did not object to the Austrian decision not to accept the words Fürstin von as part of an Austrian woman's name. The German republic, under Article 109 of

123-629: A horse race in Germany Heinkel Henkel [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with the surname Henckel . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henckel&oldid=1226261288 " Categories : Surnames German-language surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

164-570: A matter of courtesy to use them. The late Otto von Habsburg , in his childhood Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary, was styled Otto Habsburg-Lothringen in his post-1919 Austrian passport, and Otto von Habsburg in his German passport (he was a Member of the European Parliament for Germany). In 2003, the Constitutional Court ( Verfassungsgerichtshof ) ruled that an Austrian woman having been adopted by

205-668: A pastor in Levoča and Košice . Later, he stayed at the court of Louis II of Hungary and his wife, Maria of Austria . In 1531, he came to Silesia and became a canon in Breslau (Wroclaw), Silesia. He died there eight years later and was buried in the local cathedral. Lazarus Henckel (or Lazarus the Elder; 1551–1624) was a banker and mine owner, and the main financier of the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II 's war against

246-518: A public limited company. He invited several illustrious figures to sit on the board of his companies, among them the Duc de Morny , the brother of Emperor Napoleon III . He invested in many different countries, including Sweden, France, Italy, Poland and Russia. In his book Face to Face with Kaiserism , American Ambassador to Germany James W. Gerard describes how Guido Henckel von Donnersmarck jeopardized his wealth and position by writing an open letter to

287-481: Is a possible nobiliary particle , such as von , and might or might not be used by those bearing them. Female forms of titles have been legally accepted as a variation in the surname after 1919 by a still valid decision of the former German High Court ( Reichsgericht ). The distinguishing main surname is the name, following the Freiherr, Freifrau or Freiin and, where applicable, the nobiliary particle – in

328-659: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Henckel von Donnersmarck In 1417, during the time of the Council of Constance , the Holy Roman Emperor and Hungarian King, Sigismund of Luxembourg , granted a coat of arms to the three brothers Peter, Jakob and Nicholas. During the 15th and 16th centuries, John II (1481–1539), an eminent scholar, corresponded with Martin Luther , Erasmus of Rotterdam and Philipp Melanchthon . He began his career as

369-487: Is far from obsolete. As with most titles and designations within the nobility in the German-speaking areas of Europe, the rank was normally hereditary and would generally be used together with the nobiliary particle of von or zu (sometimes both: von und zu ) before a family name. The inheritance of titles of nobility in most German-speaking areas was not restricted by primogeniture as

410-487: Is how Goethe's estate came to the Henckel von Donnersmarck family. Count Wilhelm Ludwig Victor Henckel von Donnersmarck was a Prussian general who fought with Blücher to defeat Napoleon in the battle of Waterloo. Finally, in 1854 and 1887, the family was given seats in the Prussian Hereditary House of Lords . Hugo Henckel von Donnersmarck (1811–1890), head of the main (Catholic) branch of

451-598: Is rendered in English as "Baron", although the title was derived separately in the two languages. Even in German, a Freiherr is often styled as and addressed by the more elegant, Latin equivalent "Baron" in social circumstances, although not the official title. Separately, in the 19th century some families of the Baltic German nobility who had historically carried the title of Freiherr were recognized by

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492-590: Is the baronial title in Britain. Hence, the titles applied equally to all male-line descendants of the original grantee in perpetuity: All legitimate sons of a Freiherr shared his title and rank, and could be referred to as Freiherr . The wife of a Freiherr is titled Freifrau (literally "free lady"), and the daughter of a Freiherr is called Freiin (short for Freiherrin ). Both titles are translated in English as "Baroness". In Prussia and some other countries in northern Europe,

533-550: Is the current curator and head of Berlinale Shorts, the Berlin Festival's short film competition. Freiherr Freiherr ( German: [ˈfʁaɪˌhɛɐ̯] ; male, abbreviated as Frhr. ), Freifrau ( [ˈfʁaɪˌfʁaʊ] ; his wife, abbreviated as Frfr. , lit.   ' free lord ' or ' free lady ' ) and Freiin ( [ˈfʁaɪ.ɪn] , his unmarried daughters and maiden aunts) are designations used as titles of nobility in

574-528: Is titled Friherreinde , and the daughters are formally addressed as Baronesse . With the first free Constitution of Denmark of 1849 came a complete abolition of the privileges of the nobility. Today titles are only of ceremonial interest in the circles around the monarchy of Denmark . In 1561, the Swedish king Eric XIV conferred the hereditary titles of count and vapaaherra ("baron") on some persons, not all of them nobles. This prerogative

615-547: Is why members of the same family can have different official last names. The original distinction from other barons was that a Freiherr ' s landed property was allodial instead of a fief . Barons who received their title from the Holy Roman Emperor are sometimes known as "Barons of the Holy Roman Empire" ( Reichsfreiherren ), in order to distinguish them from other barons, although

656-605: The Grand Duchess of Luxembourg and her consort, Felix of Bourbon-Parma , in what was the first televised royal wedding. In 2000, their son Count Heinrich Henckel von Donnersmarck became CEO of SIX Swiss Exchange , a company with a 2021 market cap of 2.4 trillion CHF . In 1964, George Cukor asked Countess Veronika Henckel von Donnersmarck (married to a Rothschild ) to play the fictitious Queen of Transylvania opposite Audrey Hepburn in his production of My Fair Lady . Art director Cecil Beaton stated that, although she

697-581: The Tsardom of Russia as noble in the form of ukases additionally awarding the equivalent Russian title of Baron . When in 1919 privileges to members of dynastic and noble families were abolished by the constitution of the Weimar Republic and hence titles became part of the last name some members of the affected families chose to be officially named Freiherr while others preferred Baron to emphasize their Baltic-German heritage. This

738-622: The Turkish Empire . Lazarus knew there was no way the Emperor would be able to repay him, but in return for his service, he was given a number of privileges. In 1607, he and his sons were ennobled with the surname von Henckel von Donnersmarck . The family seat became the castle at Neudeck (Świerklaniec). In 1623, the family received massive lands in Silesia from Emperor Ferdinand II in the form of pledged fiefs, which they purchased from

779-535: The Weimar Constitution of 1919, legally transformed all hereditary noble titles into dependent parts of the legal surname . The former title thus became a part of the family name, and moved in front of the family name. Freiherr Hans von Schwarz , as a German citizen, therefore became Hans Freiherr von Schwarz . As dependent parts of the surnames ( " nichtselbständige Namensbestandteile " ) they are ignored in alphabetical sorting of names, as

820-531: The Yalta Conference , Joseph Stalin and the communists claimed ownership of Silesia for Soviet-controlled Poland, virtually all Germans, numbering over 8 million, where driven out of Silesia , including the Henckel von Donnersmarck family, who had been there continuously since 1629. They lost their fortune, but soon re-established a position of importance. In 1958, Count Karl Josef Henckel von Donnersmarck married Princess Marie-Adélaïde , daughter of

861-525: The male line . In 1697, the Henckels' inheritance of a Freie Standesherrschaft ( Free Lordship), under the Bohemian crown, obtained Imperial confirmation as a hereditary Fideicommis , a family trust heritable by masculine primogeniture . There were only six families that ever obtained a free lordship, a status that meant the local aristocracy, even other Counts, had to pay homage ( Huldigung ) to

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902-791: The nobility lost recognition as a legal class in the newly created republics of Germany and Austria . The Republic of Austria abolished hereditary noble titles for its citizens by the Adelsaufhebungsgesetz of 3 April 1919 and the corresponding decree of the state government. The public use of such titles was and still is prohibited, and violations could be fined. Hans Freiherr von Schwarz , as an Austrian citizen, therefore lost his title of Freiherr von and would simply be named as Hans Schwarz in his Austrian passport. In practice, however, former noble titles are still used socially in Austria; some people consider it

943-802: The 2018 epic drama Never Look Away , which was nominated for two Academy Awards . In 2013, he was named a Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum . On 18 January 1901, Count Guido Henckel von Donnersmarck received the Prussian title of Prince from German Emperor Wilhelm II , heritable by masculine primogeniture. He founded the Fürst Donnersmarck foundation in Berlin, currently endowed with 180 million euros, that employs over 600 people to help people with disabilities. His great-granddaughter, Anna Henckel-Donnersmarck ,

984-531: The Elector of Brandenburg had, as king of the originally exclusively extraterritorial Prussia even before that date, arrogated to himself the prerogative of ennoblement ). Some of the older baronial families began to use Reichsfreiherr in formal contexts to distinguish themselves from the new classes of barons created by monarchs of lesser stature than the Holy Roman Emperors, and this usage

1025-673: The English baron in rank. The Duden orthography of the German language references the French nobility title of Baron , deriving from the Latin-Germanic combination liber baro (which also means "free lord"), as corresponding to the German "Freiherr"; and that Baron is a corresponding salutation for a Freiherr . The title Freiherr derives from the historical situation in which an owner held free ( allodial ) title to his land, as opposed "unmittelbar" ("unintermediated"), or held without any intermediate feudal tenure; or unlike

1066-531: The German-speaking areas of the Holy Roman Empire and in its various successor states, including Austria , Prussia , Bavaria , Liechtenstein , Luxembourg , etc. Traditionally, it denotes the titled rank within the nobility above Ritter ( knight ) and Edler (nobility without a specific title) and below Graf ( count or earl ). The title superseded the earlier medieval form, Edelherr . It corresponds approximately to

1107-642: The Kaiser beseeching him not to annex Belgium. Because of Guido Henckel von Donnersmarck's marriage to Esther Lachman (who was Jewish), and the marriage of Countess Veronika Henckel von Donnersmarck to Baron Erich von Goldschmidt-Rothschild (who was Jewish), the Henckel von Donnersmarcks were included in the Semi-Gotha by the Nazis, a Government-funded anti-semitic pamphlet attacking those aristocratic families that had married into Jewish families. When after

1148-517: The Realm's Herredag , later Riddarhuset . In 1561, King Eric XIV began to grant some noblemen the titles of count ( greve ) or baron ( friherre ). The family members of a friherre were entitled to the same title, which in time became Baron or Baronessa colloquially: thus a person who formally is a friherre now might use the title of "Baron" before his name, and he might also be spoken of as "a baron". However, after

1189-406: The change of constitution in 1809, newly created baronships in principle conferred the dignity only in primogeniture. In the now valid Swedish Instrument of Government (1974) , the possibility to create nobility is eliminated; and since the beginning of the twenty-first century, noble dignities have passed from the official sphere to the private. In Denmark and Norway , the title of Friherre

1230-854: The emperor only a few years later. Lazarus II (or Lazarus the Younger; 1573–1664), called the Lazy , was made Baron of Gfell and Vesendorff by the Habsburg emperor, Ferdinand II , at Regensburg in 1636. In 1651, Archduke Ferdinand Karl of the Tyrol raised Lazarus' title to that of Count in the Habsburg Hereditary Lands . He received the same title in the Kingdom of Bohemia from Emperor Leopold I in 1661, that title being hereditary for all legitimate descendants, male and female, in

1271-460: The family, and that they had patrimonial jurisdiction, meaning they were legally sovereign and made their own laws and jurisdiction. When at the end of the 3rd Silesian War in 1763, Austria lost Silesia to Prussia for good, the Henckel von Donnersmarck family became Prussian on paper. In reality, however, its loyalties stayed with the Habsburg family. The head of the Henckel von Donnersmarck family

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1312-650: The family, became one of the central figures of the 2nd Industrial Revolution, spearheading technological innovations like mild steel puddling metal factories, three-high rolling mills and soda-pulping in Germany. At the beginning of the 20th century, Guido Henckel von Donnersmarck (made Prince in 1901, see below) was the second richest in Prussia after the Krupps . He was the first German aristocrat to expand his holdings by raising capital through offering shares in

1353-473: The ordinary baron, who was originally a knight ( Ritter ) in vassalage to a higher lord or sovereign, and unlike medieval German ministerials , who were bound to provide administrative services for a lord. A Freiherr sometimes exercised hereditary administrative and judicial prerogatives over those resident in his barony instead of the liege lord , who might be the duke ( Herzog ) or count ( Graf ). The German-language title of Freiherr

1394-630: The preceding example, the main surname is Schwarz and so alphabetically is listed under "S" . Similar titles have been seen in parts of Europe that have historically been dominated by Germany (in the cultural sense): the Baltic States, Austria–Hungary, Sweden, Finland and to some extent in Denmark–Norway. From the Middle Ages onward, each head of a Swedish noble house was entitled to vote in any provincial council when held, as in

1435-505: The title as such was simply Freiherr . After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, Reichsfreiherren did not belong to the noble hierarchy of any realm, but by a decision of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, their titles were nonetheless officially recognised. From 1806 the then independent German monarchies, such as Bavaria, Württemberg and Lippe could create their own nobility , including Freiherren (although

1476-469: The title of Freiherr was, as long as the monarchy existed, usually used preceding a person's given name (e.g. Freiherr Hans von Schwarz ). In Austria-Hungary and Bavaria , however, it would be inserted between the given name and the family name (e.g. Hans Freiherr von Schwarz ). After the First World War , the monarchies were abolished in most German-speaking areas of Europe, and

1517-640: Was confirmed in the constitutional arrangements of 1625. All family members of vapaaherra (baronial) families were entitled to that same title, which in practice, came to mean that they were addressed as Paroni or Paronitar . The Finnish nobility shares most of its origins with Swedish nobility . In the beginning, they were all without honorific titulature, and known just as "lords". In subsequent centuries, while Finland remained an autonomous grand duchy , many families were raised in rank as counts, vapaaherra s, or as untitled nobles. Theoretically, all created vapaaherra families were given

1558-570: Was elected the 67th Abbot of Stift Heiligenkreuz , the famous 12th-century Cistercian monastery in the Vienna Woods . In 2007, Leo Ferdinand's son, film director Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck , received the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film for his spy drama, The Lives of Others . He went on to direct the 2010 blockbuster The Tourist with Angelina Jolie and Johnny Depp , nominated for three Golden Globes , and

1599-478: Was even condemned to death personally by Frederick II of Prussia for staying loyal to the Emperors of Austria and was stripped of his entire estate. After he died in exile, Frederick II restored the family's fortune to his heirs. Count Victor Amadeus Henckel von Donnersmarck became a Prussian general and governor of Königsberg. His granddaughter Ottilie married Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 's son August , which

1640-598: Was not an actress, the Countess was the only lady in Los Angeles with the "impeccable deportment and breeding" necessary to play a queen. In 1997, Karl Josef's first cousin, Count Leo-Ferdinand Henckel von Donnersmarck , was elected President of the German Knights of Malta , a multi-billion dollar Catholic charity organization. In 1999, Leo Ferdinand's brother, Count Gregor Ulrich Henckel von Donnersmarck ,

1681-484: Was of equal rank to that of Baron, which has gradually replaced it. It was instituted on 25 May 1671 with Christian V 's Friherre privileges. Today only a few Danish noble families use the title of Friherre and most of those are based in Sweden, where that version of the title is still more commonly used; a Danish Friherre generally is addressed as "Baron". The wife of a Danish or Norwegian Friherre

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