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21-635: The first sighting by Europeans of Hermit islands was by the Spanish navigator Iñigo Órtiz de Retes on 29 July 1545 when on board of the carrack San Juan tried to return from Tidore to New Spain . He charted them as La Caimana (a female caiman in Spanish). When passing by, Ortiz de Retes reported that some natives got near the ship who flung arrows by hand without bows, that were made of flint suitable for striking fire. These islands belong to Micronesian outliers . On 17 June 1944, after returning from

42-612: A bombing mission, 11 aircrew were bailed out from the B-24 Liberator Dropsnoot over the Hermit Islands and landed in rough seas approximately two miles from the southeast of Jalun Island . Four drowned, while the other seven were cared for by natives until being rescued. This Manus Province geography article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ynigo Ortiz de Retez Yñigo , Íñigo , or Iñigo Ortiz de Retes ( fl. 1545)

63-544: A recently conquered territory beset with Indigenous unrest and rivalry among the Spanish conquerors and Spanish settlers. His difficult assignment was to govern in the king's name without making an enemy of Hernán Cortés . Cortés himself had expected to be made the permanent ruling crown official of New Spain, since he had led the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire . The Emperor Charles V (King Charles I of Spain) and

84-676: Is reported that his advice to his successor was: "Do little and do that slowly." On 4 July 1549 in Brussels , Emperor Charles V named Mendoza viceroy of Peru. He traveled overland from Mexico to Panama, and then by boat to Peru. He arrived and took up his new office on 25 November 1550. However, he soon became ill, and died in 1552. His tomb is in the Cathedral of Lima , along with that of the Spanish conqueror of Peru, Francisco Pizarro . Cape Mendocino in Humboldt County, California

105-824: The Council of the Indies judged Cortés too independent of crown authority to be made viceroy and had created a high court ( audiencia ) in New Spain in 1528, appointing Nuño de Guzmán , a rival of Cortés as its president to counter Cortés's power. In 1530 the crown granted Cortés the title of the Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca with multiple encomiendas . With the arrival of Viceroy Mendoza in 1535, Cortés pursued his own economic interests from his palace in Cuernavaca. Although

126-640: The Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico (1552), modeled on the University of Salamanca , which trained young men for the Catholic Church. These institutions were the first and second universities respectively to be established in the mainland of the Americas . In 1536 he began the minting of silver and copper coins, known as macuquinas . Also under his instructions, the first printing press in

147-659: The Talaud Islands and the Schoutens , reached the northern coast of New Guinea, which was coasted till the end of August when, having got to the 5° S. latitude, contrary winds and currents forced a return to Tidore where he arrived on 5 October, 1545. Many islands were encountered and first charted, along the northern coast of New Guinea, and in the Padaidos , Le Maires , Ninigos , Kaniets and Hermits , to some of which Spanish names were given. On 20 June, 1545, at

168-670: The 16th century. The first accounts we have of him are as part of Alvarado's expedition of 1538 to take the governorship of Guatemala and Honduras . He participated in the expedition to relieve the siege of Nochistlán in 1541 during the Mixtón war , led by Alvarado. In 1542, he was appointed to the expedition of López de Villalobos to the Islas de Poniente ( Philippines ). Upon his arrival in Mindanao in February 1543, Ortiz de Retes

189-595: The New World was brought to Mexico in 1539, by printer Juan Pablos (Giovanni Paoli). The first book printed in Mexico: La Escala Espiritual de San Juan Clímaco . On 18 May 1541 don Antonio founded the city of Valladolid (now Morelia , Michoacán ). When the Spanish crown issued the New Laws that put restrictions on the grants of elite conquerors awarded grants of labor encomenderos ,

210-615: The Spanish had occupied and expanded explorations, conquest, and settlement in the Caribbean, it was not until the conquest of central Mexico that the crown appointed a viceroy (vice king), who would be the king's living image in Mexico and envisioned to effectively assert royal authority in the Kingdom of New Spain. To further cement his authority and establish a solid society he established marital alliances with powerful settlers committed to

231-673: The authority of the crown, but in my judgment I do not implement particular legislation." He tried to not implement the New Laws, and therefore stabilized the region. In 1542 an insurrection of the Indians , called the Mixtón Rebellion threatened to push the Spaniards out of northwestern Mexico, bringing the area under indigenous control. The Viceroy himself had to take the field and bring all disposable manpower. The rebellion

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252-489: The development of New Spain, such as Marina de la Caballería . Mendoza's status as a noble and his family's loyalty to the Spanish crown made him a suitable candidate for appointment. Don Antonio and Bishop Juan de Zumárraga were key in the formation of two institutions of Mexico : the Colegio de Santa Cruz at Tlatelolco (1536), where the sons of Aztec nobles studied Latin , rhetoric , philosophy and music , and

273-543: The expedition of Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo to explore the western coastline of Alta California in 1542–43, and the expedition of Ruy López de Villalobos to the Philippines in 1542–43. The Codex Mendoza created by the order of Mendoza, and subsequently named for him. During his term of office, Mendoza is credited with consolidating the sovereignty of the Crown throughout the Spanish conquests in New Spain and limiting

294-673: The mouth of the Mamberamo river (that was charted as San Agustin ), he took possession of the land for the Spanish Crown, in the process giving the island the name by which it is known today. He called it Nueva Guinea or Nova Guinea owing to the supposed resemblance of the local inhabitants to the peoples of the Guinea coast in West Africa . The main source for Retes's voyage is that of Garcia de Escalante Alvarado, who

315-420: The power and ambition of the first conquistadors . Many of the political and economic policies he established endured throughout the entire colonial period. He promoted the construction of hospitals and schools and encouraged improvements in agriculture, ranching and mining. His administration did much to bring stability and peace to New Spain. He was succeeded as viceroy of New Spain by Don Luís de Velasco . It

336-454: The viceroy prudently refrained from implementing the most draconian aspects of the edicts, which no longer permitted an encomendero family holding the grant in perpetuity. In Peru, the implementation of the New Laws resulted in outright rebellion and the assassination of the viceroy. In reaction to the crisis caused by the New Laws, Mendoza introduced the policy of obedezco pero no cumplo ("I obey but do not comply"), which means "I respect

357-507: Was a 16th-century Spanish maritime explorer of Basque origin, who navigated the northern coastline of the Pacific – Melanesian island of New Guinea and is credited with bestowing its current name ( Latin : Nova Guinea ; Spanish : Nueva Guinea ). Yñigo Ortiz de Retes was born in Retes de Llanteno ( Alava , Spain) in a non-titled nobility family ( hidalgos ) in the first decade of

378-574: Was a Spanish colonial administrator who was the first viceroy of New Spain , serving from 14 November 1535 to 25 November 1550, and the second viceroy of Peru , from 23 September 1551, until his death on 21 July 1552. Mendoza was born at Alcalá la Real ( Jaén , Spain), the son of the 2nd Count of Tendilla Íñigo López de Mendoza y Quiñones , and Francisca Pacheco. He was married to María Ana de Trujillo de Mendoza. Mendoza became Viceroy of New Spain in 1535 and governed for 15 years, longer than any subsequent viceroy. On his arrival in New Spain, he found

399-645: Was part of the Villalobos expedition, and who, after his return to Spain, wrote a chronicle that he sent to Antonio de Mendoza , viceroy of New Spain . Ortiz de Retes was later imprisoned by the Portuguese in the Moluccas along with the remaining members of Villalobos's expedition. According to Escalante, he was one of the 117 who were later repatriated by the Portuguese in 1548. Antonio de Mendoza Antonio de Mendoza (1495 – 21 July 1552)

420-585: Was promoted to Maestre de Campo . After the unsuccessful attempt of Bernardo de la Torre in 1543 to return to Mexico along a northern route, López de Villalobos commissioned Ortiz de Retes for the same mission but going south. On 16 May, 1545, Ortiz de Retes, in command of the San Juan de Letrán , left port in Tidore , an island which was Spain's stronghold in the Maluku Islands and going by way of

441-478: Was quashed and the surviving Indians were harshly punished. By the viceroy's order men, women and children were seized and executed, some by cannon fire, some torn apart by dogs, and others stabbed. In 1548 he suppressed an uprising of the Zapotecs . As viceroy, Mendoza commissioned the expedition of Francisco Vásquez de Coronado to explore and establish settlements in the northern lands of New Spain in 1540–42,

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