Misplaced Pages

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74-506: The desire of a few local steam buffs to perpetuate the use of steam power necessitated the purchase of suitable land for an annual reunion. Twenty two acres (the present main show grounds) were purchased and hundreds of thorn apple trees cleared. A dam was built in Mud Creek to form Duck Lake as a source of water for the engines. The group, then called La Porte County Threshermen, held their first show and reunion in 1957. Traction engines were

148-418: A conventional "counterflow" steam engine during the exhaust stroke. This condition allows higher thermal efficiency. The exhaust ports are open for only a small fraction of the piston stroke, with the exhaust ports closed just after the piston begins traveling toward the admission end of the cylinder. The steam remaining within the cylinder after the exhaust ports are closed is trapped, and this trapped steam

222-407: A two-stroke internal combustion engine, and it is possible to convert a two-stroke engine to a uniflow steam engine by feeding the cylinder with steam via a " bash valve " fitted in place of the spark plug. As the rising piston nears the top of its stroke, it knocks open the bash valve to admit a pulse of steam. The valve closes automatically as the piston descends, and the steam is exhausted through

296-498: A 2 km (1.2 mi) dual-gauge cross-border track was rebuilt between Khasan , Russia, and Rajin , North Korea; its gauges were the Russian 1520 mm ( 4 ft  11 + 27 ⁄ 32  in ) and Korean 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ). Similar arrangements exist on the approach to Kaliningrad , where 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) track extends from

370-488: A Melodia coach purchased with a grant from the La Porte County Tourism and Convention Bureau, railroad operation (but not steam) resumed in time for the 1985 show. In early 1986, permission was received from the insurance company to begin salvage operations. The India locomotive was bulldozed out of the engine house rubble on March 13, 1986, and taken to the main shop for restoration. Just 89 days later it

444-581: A Uniflow engine was in Atkinson steam wagons , in 1918. Only one such steam wagon is known to be still in existence; it was built in 1918, spent its working life and a period of dereliction in Australia, and was then repatriated to England and restored by Tom Varley in 1976-77. The final commercial evolution of the uniflow engine occurred in the United States during the late 1930s and 1940s by

518-438: A dual-gauge line was installed between Acacia Ridge and Bromelton to serve a new freight hub at Bromelton. The 1700 kilometres (1100 miles) long Inland Railway , under construction in 2022, will have about 300 kilometres (190 miles) of dual gauge. [REDACTED] The Bangladesh Railway uses three rails to avoid breaks of gauge between its broad-gauge and metre-gauge lines. The Jamuna Bridge and Padma Bridge , which link

592-694: A joint line of the Deli Railway and the Atjeh Tram . Some sugar mill railways in Java have dual-gauge sections. [REDACTED] Ireland's Ulster Railway underwent a gauge conversion from 1880mm to the new Irish standard of 1600 mm ( 5 ft 3 in ). The Dublin & Drogheda Railway underwent a gauge conversion because the gauges were too close to allow a dual-gauge line. [REDACTED] The Potenza – Avigliano Lucania line in Italy

666-400: A large cylinder volume. To gain the maximum potential work from the engine a high reciprocation rate is required, typically 80% faster than a double-acting counterflow type engine. This causes the opening times of the inlet valves to be very short, putting great strain on a delicate mechanical part. In order to withstand the huge mechanical forces encountered, engines have to be heavily built and

740-416: A large flywheel is required both to smooth out the variations in torque as the steam pressure rapidly rises and falls in the cylinder and to compensate for the inertia of the heavy piston. Because there is a thermal gradient across the cylinder, the metal of the wall expands to different extents. This requires the cylinder bore to be machined wider in the cool center (sometimes described as "egg-shaped") than at

814-444: A rail yard and triple-gauge track is needed to meet the operational needs of the break-of-gauge station – most commonly where there is insufficient space to do otherwise. Construction and operation of triple-gauge track and its signalling, however, involves immense cost and disruption, and is undertaken when no other alternative is available. The following table shows localities where triple gauge has been necessary. Three gauges are

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888-432: A result of longstanding interstate rivalries: three different gauges had persisted since the 1850s and the five mainland state capitals were not linked by standard gauge until 1995. Huge costs and long delays were imposed by trans-shipment of freight at break-of-gauge stations, whether manually, by gantry crane or by wheelset or bogie exchange. During World War II , breaks of gauge in Australia added immense difficulty to

962-588: A short length of dual-gauge track is only needed within the facility. A benefit is that the contents of fully loaded cars are not disturbed. The scheme was first adopted on the French–Spanish border and in Poland. It introduces delay into transit times compared with dual-gauge operation, but is much quicker than trans-shipping: when introduced in 1962 in Melbourne, Australia, on the route between Sydney and Adelaide,

1036-524: A signalling error. The standard gauge train had been switched on to the narrow gauge track. [REDACTED] The Chemin de Fer de la Baie de Somme in France is dual gauge between Noyelles-sur-Mer and Saint-Valery-sur-Somme . The line has four rails with metre gauge laid within standard gauge. There are some dual-gauge (standard and Iberian) sidings at Cerbère on the Spanish border. [REDACTED] In

1110-402: A three-rail dual-gauge system was proposed in order to avoid a break of gauge. However, designing turnouts was considered to be difficult due to the difference of only 165 millimetres (6.5 inches) between the 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) and the 1600 mm ( 5 ft 3 in ) broad gauge. After twenty years, the proposal was abandoned. Much later,

1184-629: A three-rail layout. In 1991, the interurban trams went out of service and then the network used only standard-gauge track. [REDACTED] The Sofia tramway uses a mixture of narrow and standard gauge. A 2.6 km (1.6 mi) section of track between Krasna polyana depot and Pirotska street is dual-gauge shared by 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) route 22 and 1009 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 23 ⁄ 32  in ) route 11. [REDACTED] The new port of Kribi may serve 1000mm gauge bauxite traffic as well as 1435mm gauge iron ore traffic. [REDACTED] In

1258-407: A train of empty wagons has to be brought to the break of gauge from the other side to fetch the cargo. Congestion is also caused by unloading and reloading. The problem is worsened when there is a disparity between the capacity of locomotives and vehicles on the two gauges: typically, one broad-gauge trainload needs three narrow-gauge trains to carry. Constructing dual-gauge track with three rails

1332-399: A two-and-a-half-mile (4 km) route around the museum property. The three-rail configuration allows both 3 ft ( 914 mm ) and 2 ft ( 610 mm ) narrow-gauge locomotives and cars to be operated on the same route. 1/4 scale locomotives ( 14 in  / 356 mm gauge) are steam or gasoline powered and were mainly built for amusement parks from the 1920s to

1406-707: A year previously in 1908. The uniflow principle was mainly used for industrial power generation, but was also tried in a few railway locomotives in England, such as the North Eastern Railway uniflow locomotives No.825 of 1913, and No.2212 of 1918, and the Midland Railway Paget locomotive . Experiments were also made in France, Germany, the United States and Russia. In no case were the results encouraging enough for further development to be undertaken. The first large-scale utilization of

1480-409: Is a dual gauge rail with 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) and 950 mm ( 3 ft  1 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) tracks. [REDACTED] In Japan, the national standard is 1067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) narrow gauge. Dual gauge is used where the 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) Shinkansen (bullet train) lines join

1554-430: Is available, are termed " gauntlet track" (US: "gantlet track") . Four rails must be placed identically on either side of the central axis of dual-gauge turntables (and six rails on triple-gauge turntables) so that they match the configuration of the fixed rails leading to and from the turntable, regardless of the direction in which the turntable is facing. In rare situations, three different gauges may converge on to

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1628-480: Is compressed by the returning piston. This is thermodynamically desirable as it preheats the hot end of the cylinder before the admission of steam. However, the risk of excessive compression often results in small auxiliary exhaust ports being included at the cylinder heads. Such a design is called a semi-uniflow engine Engines of this type usually have multiple cylinders in an in-line arrangement, and may be single- or double-acting. A particular advantage of this type

1702-482: Is described as dual gauge – achieved either by addition of a third rail, if it will fit, or by two additional rails. Dual-gauge tracks are more expensive to configure with signals and sidings, and to maintain, than two separate single-gauge tracks. It is therefore usual to build dual-gauge or other multi-gauge tracks only when necessitated by lack of space or when tracks of two different gauges meet in marshalling yards or passenger stations. Dual-gauge tracks are by far

1776-421: Is in the range 145 millimetres (5.7 inches) to 200 millimetres (7.9 inches). In some places, the dimensions of two gauges needing to be collocated are too close to allow a three-rail configuration – for example: In such cases, four rails are needed to provide the dual gauge. Four rails might also be installed because of other engineering or operational factors, even though three rails would suffice: an example

1850-514: Is on the Chemin de Fer de la Baie de Somme (Somme Bay railway), which combines standard and metre gauge – 435 millimetres (17.1 inches) different, well within the parameters for three rails. Four rails are necessary where the centre-line of rail vehicles on both tracks must be closely aligned with the centre-line of the track in tunnels or other constricted locations. Such configurations, when they revert back to standard parallel lines as soon as room

1924-402: Is possible when the two adjacent rails can be separated at the base by at least the space required by rail fastening hardware such as spikes and or rail clips – typically 40 millimetres (1.6 inches). If the two gauges are closer than that, four rails must be used. Depending on the rail fasteners used and the weight of rails (heavy rails are bigger), the practicable difference between the two gauges

1998-436: Is that the valves may be operated by the effect of multiple camshafts, and by changing the relative phase of these camshafts, the amount of steam admitted may be increased for high torque at low speed, and may be decreased at cruising speed for economy of operation. Alternatively, designs using a more-complex cam surface allowed the varying of timing by shifting the entire camshaft longitudinally compared to its follower, allowing

2072-1514: Is the rollbock (Rollböcke in German), used under two-axle standard-gauge vehicles: each wheelset is carried on a small four-wheeled narrow-gauge trolley. The entire train is converted in minutes at a slow walking pace, each rollbock being automatically matched to its wheelset from underneath. A further variant is " train on train ", in which an entire narrow-gauge train is carried on standard-gauge flatcars on which continuous rail has been fitted. Differences in gauge are also accommodated by gauge-adjustable wheelsets , which as of 2022 were installed under some passenger vehicles on international links between Spain and France, Sweden and Finland, Poland and Lithuania, and Poland and Ukraine. In Spain, change-over facilities are extensive, since although 1668 millimetres (65.7 inches) track predominates, and high-speed lines are laid to 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) standard gauge, there are many lines with narrower gauges (1000 millimetres (39 inches) and others). [REDACTED] In Victoria , there are sections of 1600 mm ( 5 ft 3 in ) and 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) dual-gauge track between Southern Cross station and West Footscray , Sunshine and Newport , Albion and Jacana , North Geelong and Gheringhap , Maryborough and Dunolly , and in various goods yards and industrial sidings. Until 2008, there

2146-431: Is very often associated with a break-of-gauge station, where rail vehicles or vehicle contents are transferred from one gauge to another. A break of gauge causes delay and increases congestion, especially on single-track lines. Essentially, two trains are required to do what a single train would normally accomplish. When traffic passes mainly in one direction, full wagons taken to the border have to be returned as empties, and

2220-659: The 600 mm ( 1 ft  11 + 5 ⁄ 8  in ) gauge trains of the Pelion railway . [REDACTED] In 1899, in the Dutch East Indies , dual gauge track was installed between Yogyakarta and Solo . The track was owned by the Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij , a private company, which in 1867 had built the 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) gauge line. The third rail

2294-542: The Czech Republic , there is 2 km of dual gauge 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) and 760 mm ( 2 ft  5 + 15 ⁄ 16  in ) track near Jindřichův Hradec . In 1985, its original four rails were converted to three rails. In 2004, in Jindřichův Hradec at a switch where a dual gauge railway bifurcates, a Junák express from Plzeň to Brno derailed due to

Hesston Steam Museum - Misplaced Pages Continue

2368-680: The LaPorte County, Indiana courthouse. The Allis-Chalmers engine originally ran the Sanders Saw mill in Elkhart, Indiana , having replaced the smaller Smith Mayers and Schneer engine next to it at the same location. The museum's examples of the steam traction engine come from numerous manufacturers and were built between 1899 and 1922. Operation is in full swing at the Labor Day Weekend Steam & Power Show when

2442-552: The Netherlands were constructed with a track gauge of 1945 mm ( 6 ft  4 + 9 ⁄ 16  in ). For the 1939 centennial celebration, an exact replica of the country's first locomotive "De Arend" was built using the original blueprints. Since 1953, the locomotive is housed at the Dutch National Railway Museum , where in recent years, a dual-gauge track has been constructed in

2516-557: The Ruhr and 1000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) gauge tracks on lines north of the Ruhr. The north lines closed in the 1960s and 1970s. Duisburg's three routes were converted to 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) gauge track. [REDACTED] Ghana is converting its narrow gauge to standard gauge, and is installing dual-gauge sleepers as an intermediate stage. [REDACTED] In Greece,

2590-554: The South Australian Railways successfully adopted dual-gauge turnouts . In Western Australia , 1067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) and 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) of double-track dual-gauge extends for 120 km (75 mi) of the main line from East Perth to Northam . Dual-gauge track is also used from the triangle at Woodbridge to Cockburn Junction , then to Kwinana on one branch and North Fremantle on

2664-522: The 155-acre site was purchased and a unique dual gauge ( 2 ft ( 610 mm ) and 3 ft ( 914 mm )) railroad was constructed. The La Porte County Historical Steam Society, Inc. was chartered as a not-for-profit organization on December 16, 1968, and the original La Porte County Threshermen club was absorbed and dissolved. In 1969 the IRS granted recognition as a 501(c)-3 not-for-profit corporation. Weekend (Memorial Day to Labor Day) operation of

2738-418: The 1950s. Painstakingly built by the people who run them, these trains run on track with rails only 7 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ( 190.5 mm ) apart and travel through the heavily wooded hills and under a bridge in a one-mile (1.6 km) long winding route. In addition to the three railroads at the museum there are numerous other pieces of steam powered and vintage farm equipment. The Hesston Saw Mill

2812-614: The 1970s, the Stuttgarter Straßenbahnen tram lines underwent a gauge conversion from 1000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) gauge to standard gauge. This was part of an upgrade to the Stuttgart Stadtbahn . In 1981, 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) and 1000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) dual-gauge track was constructed so that new DT-8 Stadtbahn cars and old trams could share

2886-548: The Great Lakes cement carrier SS  St. Marys Challenger , installed when the vessel was re-powered in 1950. In small sizes (less than about 1,000 hp (750 kW)), reciprocating steam engines are much more efficient than steam turbines. White Cliffs Solar Power Station used a three-cylinder uniflow engine with " Bash "-type admission valves to generate about 25 kW electrical output. The single-acting uniflow steam engine configuration closely resembles that of

2960-486: The Polish border with some sections of dual gauge. Uniflow steam engine The uniflow type of steam engine uses steam that flows in one direction only in each half of the cylinder. Thermal efficiency is increased by having a temperature gradient along the cylinder. Steam always enters at the hot ends of the cylinder and exhausts through ports at the cooler centre. By this means, the relative heating and cooling of

3034-789: The Port of Brisbane utilise the dual gauge Fisherman Islands line that runs parallel to the Cleveland railway line from Park Road to Lindum . Passenger trains use the dual-gauge section of the Beenleigh railway line running parallel to the electric suburban narrow gauge of the Queensland Rail city network over the Merivale Bridge into platforms 2 and 3 at Roma Street Station . This is used by standard gauge interstate New South Wales TrainLink XPT services to Sydney . In 2012,

Hesston Steam Museum - Misplaced Pages Continue

3108-806: The Skinner Engine Company with the development of the Compound Unaflow Marine Steam Engine. This engine operates in a steeple compound configuration and provides efficiencies approaching contemporary diesels. Many car ferries on the Great Lakes were so equipped, one of which is still operating, SS  Badger of 1952. The Casablanca -class escort carrier , the most prolific aircraft carrier design in history, used two 5-cylinder Skinner Unaflow engines, but these were not steeple compounds. A non-compound Skinner Uniflow remained in service until 2013 in

3182-463: The admission timing to be varied. (The camshaft could be shifted by mechanical or hydraulic devices.) And, by changing the absolute phase, the engine's direction of rotation may be changed. The uniflow design also maintains a constant temperature gradient through the cylinder, avoiding passing hot and cold steam through the same end of the cylinder. In practice, the uniflow engine has a number of operational shortcomings. The large expansion ratio requires

3256-422: The cylinder walls is reduced. Steam entry is usually controlled by poppet valves (which act similarly to those used in internal combustion engines ) that are operated by a camshaft . The inlet valves open to admit steam when minimum expansion volume has been reached at the start of the stroke. For a period of the crank cycle, steam is admitted, and the poppet inlet is then closed, allowing continued expansion of

3330-545: The east–west and north–south rail systems respectively, have four-rail dual-gauge tracks. Of the 2,875 kilometres (1,786 mi) Bangladesh Railway system, about 1,600 kilometres (990 mi) has four-rail dual-gauge. [REDACTED] Tram tracks in Brussels once combined 1000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) metre gauge lines for inter-urban trams and 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) lines for urban trams in

3404-429: The features of a uniflow engine can be seen, with a large piston almost half the length of the cylinder, poppet inlet valves at either end, a camshaft (whose motion is derived from that of the driveshaft) and a central ring of exhaust ports. Uniflow engines potentially allow greater expansion in a single cylinder without the relatively cool exhaust steam flowing across the hot end of the working cylinder and steam ports of

3478-427: The freight handling time per train dropped from five days to less than two. The process involved disconnecting the brake rigging and bogie centre pins have to be disconnected before the vehicle is lifted and new bogies are wheeled underneath. In Europe, a similar principle embodies low-profile, small-wheeled transporter wagons , which carry vehicles built for one gauge on a line with a different gauge. A variant

3552-463: The hot ends. If the cylinder is not heated correctly, or if water enters, the delicate balance can be upset causing seizure mid-stroke and, potentially, destruction. The uniflow engine was first used in Britain in 1827 by Jacob Perkins and was patented in 1885 by Leonard Jennett Todd . It was popularised by German engineer Johann Stumpf in 1909, with the first commercial stationary engine produced

3626-595: The line between Athens and Elefsis (now closed) was dual gauge in order to allow the 1000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) gauge trains of the Peloponnese rail network to pass. It also allowed standard gauge trains to reach the Elefsis shipyards. In Volos , a short section of track between the main station and the harbour used an unusual triple gauge, to accommodate standard gauge trains from Larissa , metre gauge trains from Kalambaka , and

3700-741: The line to Surabaya instead of on the original line via Kedungjati. In 1942 and 1943 in Java , under Japanese military occupation , conversion took place from 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ( 1,435 mm ) to 1067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) on the Brumbung –Kedungjati–Gundih main line and the Kedungjati– Ambarawa branch line. Until the 1970s, a short section of dual gauge 1067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) and 750 mm ( 2 ft  5 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) line existed in North Sumatra on

3774-626: The lines. At the north end of the route, at the junction with Rheinstraße, the trams reverse. There, the standard gauge line ends, while the metre gauge lines continue. At the Hauptbahnhof, on Oppumer Straße, dual gauge track continues. At the ends of Oppumer Straße, the two tracks diverge. In Mülheim there is a similar situation. The Duisburg tram line 901 meets the local line 102 . The tram system in Duisburg uses 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) gauge track while

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3848-461: The main feature, and provided most of the power. A sawmill was added in 1959, the electric plant in 1961, and the Browning crane in 1962. In 1964, at the suggestion of Bruce Achor, a steam locomotive was purchased from Elliott Donnelley of Lake Forest, IL, who took an interest in the accomplishments at Hesston. During 1965–1968, with the generous financial assistance of Mr. Donnelley, the remainder of

3922-842: The main network. For example, part of the Ōu Main Line became part of the Akita Shinkansen and was converted to dual gauge in a limited section. The longest (82.1 km (51.0 mi)) dual gauge section in Japan is near, and in, the Seikan Tunnel . Sections of the Hakone Tozan Line are among a number of other dual-gauge lines. [REDACTED] Mexico previously had 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) and 914 mm ( 3 ft ) dual gauge track. [REDACTED] The first railway lines in

3996-467: The maximum found on operating railway lines and in railway yards, but some rolling stock manufacturers collocate more than three lines in their works, depending on the particular gauges of their customers. Transfer of freight and passengers between different gauges does not necessarily involve dual-gauge track: there may simply be two tracks that approach either side of a platform without overlapping. In Australia, 13 break-of-gauge stations existed by 1945 as

4070-426: The middle of a "biting-cold" night in 1896 and there formed his pungent view of "the paralysis of intellect that gave that idea birth". In some locations, an alternative to building long lengths of dual-gauge track has been to change the wheels on rolling stock , either by dropping and changing wheelsets from four-wheeled vehicles or exchanging bogies (US: trucks) under eight-wheeled vehicles. With this arrangement,

4144-454: The most common configuration, but triple-gauge tracks have been built in some situations. The rail gauge is the most fundamental specification of a railway. Rail tracks and wheelsets are built within engineering tolerances that allow optimum lateral movement of the wheelsets between the rails. Pairs of rails that become too wide or narrow in gauge will cause derailments, especially if in excess of normal gauge-widening on curves. Given

4218-473: The network. In 2008, a further gauge conversion was completed. The Stuttgart Straßenbahn Museum operates 1000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) gauge trams on weekends and special occasions. In Krefeld on Ostwall, tram lines are dual gauge so that standard 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) Rheinbahn U76 Stadtbahn cars and 1000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) gauge trams may share

4292-465: The other. The signalling system detects the gauge of the approaching train and puts the signals to stop if the route is set for the wrong gauge. In Queensland , there is a section of 1067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) and 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) dual-gauge track between the rail freight yards at Acacia Ridge and Park Road station , which is utilised by both passenger and freight trains. Freight trains to

4366-595: The rail yard, allowing for the locomotive to drive back and forth on special occasions. [REDACTED] In Poland, there is 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) of 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) and 750 mm ( 2 ft  5 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) dual-gauge track in the Greater Poland Voivodeship , linking Pleszew with a nearby mainline station. It is served by narrow-gauge passenger trains and standard-gauge freight trains. [REDACTED] Between 2008 and 2012,

4440-444: The railroad began in 1969. Additional buildings were erected and more equipment arrived for restoration and exhibit each year. The Shay locomotive restoration was completed and dedicated August 30, 1975. Donnelley died in late December 1975, and upon his death his family donated the 14 in ( 356 mm ) gauge railroad that had operated on his Lake Forest estate. The railroad was removed by society members during 1976 and moved to

4514-443: The rails of the narrower gauge lying between those of the broader gauge. In the three-rail configuration, wear and tear of the common rail is greater than with the two other outer rails. In dual gauge lines, turnouts ( railroad switches ) are more complex than in single-gauge track, and trains must be safely signalled on both of the gauges. Track circuits and mechanical interlocking must also operate on both gauges. Multi-gauge track

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4588-504: The requirement for gauge to be within very tight limits, when the designed distance between the pair of wheels on a wheelset differs even slightly from that of others on a railway, track must be built to two specific gauges. That is achieved in a variety of ways: most commonly by adding a third rail, more rarely by adding another pair of rails; and rarer still, when three gauges are present, by four rails. Dual-gauge track can consist of three rails, sharing one "common" rail; or four rails, with

4662-407: The steam during the stroke, driving the piston. Near the end of the stroke, the piston will uncover a ring of exhaust ports mounted radially around the centre of the cylinder. These ports are connected by a manifold and piping to the condenser, lowering the pressure in the chamber below that of the atmosphere causing rapid exhausting. Continued rotation of the crank moves the piston. From the animation,

4736-597: The steam grounds. Reconstruction of the 14 in gauge railroad began in 1977 and was completed in 1982. A fire on May 26, 1985, destroyed most of the large railroad equipment. Nine cars, the Henschel, and a diesel locomotive, along with many tools and small parts were lost. Also badly damaged were the Shay, Porter and India locomotives. The damage from the fire was estimated to be $ 2.5 million. In response to this fire members purchased two Plymouth gasoline locomotives, and with

4810-516: The threshing machine is used to process grains for the fall harvest. In September 2022, the museum announced the completion of a half-scale working model of the Tom Thumb locomotive , built by Rick Weber. The original Tom Thumb was the first working steam locomotive built in America, designed and built in 1830 by inventor, industrialist, entrepreneur, and philanthropist Peter Cooper . The model

4884-797: The tram route from Witten to Mülheim uses 1000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) gauge tracks. Two lines share a tunnel section between the Mülheim (Ruhr) Hauptbahnhof and Schloss Broich then diverge at street level. The tram network between Werne to Bad Honnef is large with various operators and gauges. The trams in Wuppertal used 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) gauge track on east–west lines and 1000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) gauge track on north–south lines. Trams in Duisburg used 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) gauge track on lines south of

4958-517: The war effort by needing extra locomotives and rolling stock, and more than 1600 service personnel and a large pool of civilians, at transfer points for an annual average transfer of about 1.8 million tonnes of freight. To cost and inefficiency was added, in the case of passengers, considerable inconvenience. In 1896, at Albury station on the Sydney–Melbourne railway , famed American writer Samuel Clemens ( Mark Twain ) had to change trains in

5032-534: Was a dual-gauge line between Wodonga and Bandiana . At Albury railway station , New South Wales , a 1600 mm ( 5 ft 3 in ) and 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) dual-gauge line was in place until 2011. A dual-gauge line was within Tocumwal railway station until 1988, when the standard gauge component was put out of use. In 1900, in South Australia ,

5106-570: Was back on the rails and under steam. The next day, construction started on two 2 ft ( 610 mm ) gauge passenger cars. Dr. George Mohun of Novato California contacted the society and offered 4 locomotives and 8 flat cars, the remains of the Mecklenburg-Pommersche Schmalspurbahn Railroad in East Germany, which had been intended for a steam tourist railway near San Francisco. This railroad

5180-489: Was built in 1900 by the Hill-Curtis Machinery Company of Kalamazoo, Michigan and is typical of the mills that dotted the countryside in the 1890s. The mill features a 60-inch (1,524 mm) insert tooth blade, and is driven by a horizontal single-cylinder Uniflow steam engine manufactured by Skinner Engine Company of Erie, Pennsylvania . The power plant was the first to provide electric power to

5254-489: Was installed to allow passengers and goods travelling over the 1067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) gauge Staatsspoorweg (state railway) a direct connection. At a later date, the government constructed new tracks to allow greater capacity and higher speeds. In 1940, a third rail was installed between Solo and Gundih on the line to Semarang , allowing 1067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) gauge trains to travel between Semarang, Solo and Yogyakarta via Gambringan, on

5328-494: Was never constructed, and the equipment was stored on his ranch for 17 years. After an inspection trip funds were borrowed and the equipment was purchased. The equipment arrived on April 14, 1987. The brand-new, yet 47 years old, CSK was immediately placed in the shop for cleaning and inspection. It was fired up for the first time ever in August 1987, and now serves as the regular locomotive for weekend operation. The India locomotive

5402-405: Was on display at the museum's 66th Steam and Power Show. Dual gauge In railway engineering, " gauge " is the transverse distance between the inner surfaces of the heads of two rails, which for the vast majority of railway lines is the number of rails in place. However, it is sometimes necessary for track to carry railway vehicles with wheels matched to two different gauges. Such track

5476-814: Was retired in 1988 after a crack developed in the copper firebox, not quite making it to 100 years of operation. In 1990 the Orenstein & Koppel 0-8-0 was moved to the shop for a heavy restoration; in 1997 it was temporarily de-superheated, and in 1998 was reflued by the Hesston shop crew. Also in 1998, work started on construction of an enclosed passenger coach for the 2 ft gauge line. In November, 1998 two 3 ft gauge passenger coaches were purchased and transported from Cedar Point at Sandusky, OH. The museum features four different gauges of railroads operating on three different routes. 36 inch Source A unique three-rail , dual-gauge, narrow-gauge railroad runs on

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