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19-524: Hiei or Hiyei may refer to: Mount Hiei , northeast of Kyoto, Japan Japanese ship  Hiei , several warships of the Japanese Navy Hiei ( YuYu Hakusho ) , a fictional character in the anime and manga series YuYu Hakusho See also [ edit ] Hei (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

38-688: A toll road provides access by automobile to the top of the mountain; there are also buses that connect the mountaintop to town a few times a day. There are also two routes of funiculars : the Eizan Cable from the Kyoto side to the connecting point with an aerial tramway ("ropeway") to the top, and the Sakamoto Cable from the Shiga side to the foot of Enryaku-ji. The attractions on the mountain are quite spread out, so there are regular buses during

57-404: Is known as the kaihōgyō . A 2010 US National Public Radio report described the sennichi kaihōgyō (thousand-day kaihōgyō ) as ...1,000 days of walking meditation and prayer over a seven-year period around Mount Hiei. [The 13th disciple since WWII to complete the cycle] walked 26 miles a day for periods of either 100 or 200 consecutive days — a total distance about the same as walking around

76-463: Is more isolated and less visited, about a 1:30 walk, and is most easily reached by bus, which connects the three complexes and other locations on the mountain. On April 4, 2006, Enryaku-ji performed a ceremony for former leaders of Yamaguchi-gumi , by far the largest yakuza organization in Japan. Because such temple ceremonies have been used for Yamaguchi-gumi fund-raising and demonstrations of power,

95-702: The Shiga Prefectural Police requested that Enryaku-ji cease performance of the ceremony. Rejecting the request, Enryaku-ji received crime-related money for the ceremony and allowed nearly 100 upper-level Yamaguchi-gumi leaders to attend. After reports in the Asahi Shimbun and Yomiuri Shimbun newspapers, Enryaku-ji faced a nationwide scandal. The temple was also criticized by the Japan Buddhist Temple Association (representing 75,000 Buddhist temples), which led

114-463: The Earth. Beyond the mountain itself, its forests, and the views it affords – of Kyoto, of Ohara, of lake Biwa and Shiga – the main attraction is the temple complex of Enryaku-ji . The temple complex spreads out over the mountain, but is concentrated in three areas, connected by foot trails. There are also more minor temples and shrines. Unusually, there are also a number of French-themed attractions –

133-536: The Temple Order ( 寺門 , jimon ) . Warrior monks were used to settle the disputes, and Tendai leaders began to hire mercenary armies who threatened rivals and even marched on the capital to enforce monastic demands. As part of a program to remove all potential rivals and unite the country, warlord Oda Nobunaga ended this Buddhist militancy in 1571 by attacking Enryaku-ji , leveling the buildings and slaughtering monks. Enryaku-ji's current structures date from

152-770: The Tendai sect of Mahayana Buddhism to Japan from China . The temple complex has undergone several reconstruction efforts since then, with the most significant (that of the main hall) taking place in 1642 under Tokugawa Iemitsu . Enryaku-ji is the headquarters of the Tendai sect and one of the most significant monasteries in Japanese history. As such, it is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site " Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities) ". The founders of Jōdo-shū , Jōdo Shinshū , Sōtō Zen , and Nichiren Buddhism all spent time at

171-489: The ages. Originally it was thought to be the home of gods and demons of Shinto lore, although it is predominantly known for the Buddhist monks that come from the temple of Enryaku-ji . John Stevens wrote the book The Marathon Monks of Mount Hiei, chronicling the practice of walking long distances – up to 52 miles (84 km) a day for 100 straight days, in an effort to attain enlightenment. The practice of walking

190-475: The buildings themselves are old, though they have not always been at this location. Today, most of Enryaku-ji's buildings are clustered in three areas: Tō-dō (東塔, "East Pagoda"), Sai-tō (西塔, "West Pagoda"), and Yokokawa (横川). The monastery's most important buildings are concentrated in Tō-dō . Sai-tō is a 20-minute walk away, primarily downhill from Tō-dō , and also features several important buildings. Yokokawa

209-503: The capital, which along with the rise of the Tendai sect in Heian period Japan (8th - 12th centuries) meant that the mountain and the temple complex were politically powerful and influential. Later schools of Buddhism in Japan were almost entirely founded by ex-monks of the Tendai sect, such as Hōnen , Nichiren , Dōgen and Shinran , who all studied at the temple before leaving Mount Hiei to start their own practices. The temple complex

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228-461: The daytime connecting the attractions. The center for these is the bus center, in front of the entrance to the main temple complex at Tō-tō ( 東塔 , "East Pagoda") . Enryaku-ji Enryaku-ji ( 延暦寺 , Enryaku-ji ) is a Tendai monastery located on Mount Hiei in Ōtsu , overlooking Kyoto . It was first founded in 788 during the early Heian period (794–1185) by Saichō (767–822), also known as Dengyō Daishi, who introduced

247-474: The first outpost of the Japanese Tendai (Chin. Tiantai ) sect of Buddhism , was founded atop Mount Hiei by Saichō in 788 and rapidly grew into a sprawling complex of temples and buildings that were roughly divided into three areas: Due to its position north-east of the ancient capital of Kyoto , it was thought in ancient geomancy practices to be a protective bulwark against negative influences on

266-492: The government. At the peak of its power, Enryaku-ji was a huge complex of as many as 3,000 sub-temples and a powerful army of warrior monks ( 僧兵 , sōhei ) . In the tenth century, succession disputes broke out between Tendai monks of the line of Ennin and Enchin . These disputes resulted in opposing Tendai centers at Enryaku-ji and at Mii-dera , known respectively as the Mountain Order ( 山門 , sanmon ) and

285-600: The late 16th century through the first half of the 17th century, when the temple was reconstructed following a change of government. Only one minor building survived, the Ruri-dō (るり堂, " Lapis Lazuli Hall"), which is located down a long, unmarked path from the Sai-tō complex. The structure dates to the 13th century and was repaired twice during the 20th century following harsh weather. During reconstruction, some buildings were transferred from other temples, notably Mii-dera, and thus

304-442: The monastery. Enryaku-ji is also the center for the practice of kaihōgyō (aka the "marathon monks"). With the support of Emperor Kanmu , the Buddhist monk Saichō ordained a hundred disciples in 807. Maintaining a strict discipline on Mt. Hiei, his monks lived in seclusion for twelve years of study and meditation . After this period, the best students were retained in positions in the monastery and others graduated into positions in

323-484: The peak itself features the Garden Museum Hiei, which is themed on French impressionism, featuring gardens and French paintings, while there is also a French-themed hotel, "L'hotel de Hiei" (The Hiei Hotel). The mountain is busiest during the daytime, but has some visitors in the evenings, for light-up displays and to see the night view of the surrounding towns. The mountain is a popular area for hikers and

342-465: The title Hiei . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hiei&oldid=1041554314 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Mount Hiei The temple of Enryaku-ji ,

361-422: Was razed by Oda Nobunaga in 1571 to quell the rising power of Tendai's warrior monks ( sōhei ), but it was rebuilt and remains the Tendai headquarters to this day. The 19th-century Japanese ironclad Hiei was named after this mountain, as was the more famous World War II -era battleship Hiei , the latter having initially been built as a battlecruiser. Mount Hiei has been featured in many folk tales over

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