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29-1579: Hirai may refer to: Places [ edit ] Hirai Edogawa, Tokyo , Japan Hirai Station (Tokyo) People with the surname [ edit ] Emi Hirai ( 平井 絵己 , born 1986) , Japanese ice dancer Hisashi Hirai ( 平井 久司 , born 1959) , Japanese animator, character designer, and manga artist Kanako Hirai ( 平井 香菜子 , born 1984) , Japanese volleyball player Kawato Hirai ( 川人 拓来 , born 1997) , Japanese professional wrestler ( NJPW ) Kazumasa Hirai (disambiguation) , multiple people Kazuo Hirai ( 平井 一夫 , born 1960) , CEO Sony Corporation Ken Hirai ( 平井 堅 , born 1972) , Japanese R&B and pop singer Kenichi Hirai ( 平井 健一 , born 1950) , Japanese tennis player Kozaburo Hirai ( 平井 康三郎 , 1910–2002) , Japanese composer Michiko Hirai ( 平井 道子 , 1935–1984) , Japanese actress and voice actress Minoru Hirai ( 平井 稔 , 1903–1998) , Japanese martial artist Momo Hirai ( 平井 もも , born 1996) , K-pop Idol from Twice Naohito Hirai ( 平井 直人 , born 1978) , Japanese footballer Nobukazu Hirai ( 平井 伸和 , born 1969) , Japanese professional wrestler Hirai Seijirō ( 平井 晴二郎 , 1856–1926) , Japanese railroad engineer Rio Hirai ( 平井 理央 , born 1982) , Japanese TV actress and announcer Shinji Hirai ( 平井 伸治 , born 1961) , Japanese politician Shoki Hirai ( 平井 将生 , born 1987) , Japanese footballer Takuya Hirai ( 平井 卓也 , born 1958) , Japanese politician Tarō Hirai ( 平井 太郎 , 1894–1965) , Japanese author, better known by

58-899: A city in English, but the Japanese designation of special ward ( tokubetsu-ku ) remains unchanged. They are a group of 23 municipalities; there is no associated single government body separate from the Tokyo Metropolitan Government , which governs all 62 municipalities of Tokyo, not just the special wards. Analogues exist in historic and contemporary Chinese and Korean administration: "Special wards" are city-independent wards, analogously, " special cities /special cities" (teukbyeol-si/tokubetsu-shi) are province-/prefecture-independent cities and were intended to be introduced under SCAP in Japan, too; but in Japan, implementation

87-661: A high concentration of Indian origin families. The Indian community increased when engineers came to Japan to fix the Y2K bug . Indian people settled in Nishikasai due to the proximity to the Tokyo Metro Tozai Line , which connects to their places of employment. Nishikasai includes the Edogawa Indian Association. The head of the organization as of 2023, Jagmohan S. Chandrani, has been called

116-413: A new 2012 law, – sometimes informally called "Osaka Metropolis plan law", but not specifically referring to Osaka – major cities and their surrounding municipalities in prefectures other than Tokyo may be replaced with special wards with similar functions if approved by the involved municipal and prefectural governments and ultimately the citizens of the dissolving municipalities in a referendum. Prerequisite

145-671: Is 49.90 km . The ward was founded in 1937 with the merger of seven towns and villages in Minami-Katsushika District : the towns of Koiwa and Komatsugawa, and the villages of Kasai, Matsue, Mizue, Shinozaki and Shikamoto. As of 2018 3,758 people of Indian ancestry, about 10% of the people of Indian origin in Japan and about 30% of the people of Indian origin in Tokyo Metropolis, reside in Edogawa Ward. The Nishikasai  [ ja ] area has

174-654: Is a special ward in the Tokyo Metropolis in Japan . It takes its name from the Edo River that runs from north to south along the eastern edge of the ward. In English, it uses the name Edogawa City . The easternmost of the wards, it shares boundaries with the cities of Urayasu and Ichikawa in Chiba Prefecture (to the east) and with the wards of Katsushika (to the north), Sumida and Kōtō (to

203-405: Is a population of at least 2 million in the dissolving municipalities; three cities (Yokohama, Nagoya and Osaka) meet this requirement on their own, seven other major city areas can set up special wards if a designated city is joined by neighboring municipalities. However, prefectures ( 道府県 , -dō/-fu/-ken ) where special wards are set up cannot style themselves metropolis ( 都 , -to ) as

232-533: Is similar between the Federal District and its 35 administrative regions in Brazil . To finance the joint public services it provides to the 23 wards, the metropolitan government levies some of the taxes that would normally be levied by city governments, and also makes transfer payments to wards that cannot finance their own local administration. Waste disposal is handled by each ward under direction of

261-613: The Constitution of Japan . This means that they had no constitutional right to pass their own legislation, or to hold direct elections for mayors and councilors. While these authorities were granted by statute during the US-led occupation and again in 1975, they could be unilaterally revoked by the National Diet ; similar measures against other municipalities would require a constitutional amendment. The denial of elected mayors to

290-517: The Edogawa Board of Education (江戸川区教育委員会). Junior high schools: Elementary schools: Special wards of Tokyo Although the autonomy law today allows for special wards to be established in other prefectures, to date they exist only in Tokyo , which consists of 23 special wards and 39 other, ordinary municipalities ( cities , towns , and villages ). The special wards of Tokyo occupy

319-438: The National Diet designated the special wards as local public entities ( 地方公共団体 , chihō kōkyō dantai ) , giving them a legal status similar to cities. The wards vary greatly in area (from 10 to 60 km ) and population (from less than 40,000 to 830,000), and some are expanding as artificial islands are built. Setagaya has the most people, while neighboring Ōta has the largest area. The total population census of

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348-461: The pen name Edogawa Ranpo ( 江戸川 乱歩 ) Terushichi Hirai ( 平井 輝七 , 1900–1970) , Japanese photographer Yanosuke Hirai ( 平井 弥之助 , 1902–1986) , Japanese civil engineer and corporate executive Yasunari Hirai ( 平井 康翔 , born 1990) , Japanese swimmer Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Hirai . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

377-648: The "father of Little India." Restaurants serving the cuisine of northern India opened in the northern part of the community, while the southern part had southern Indian restaurants. Global Indian International School Tokyo caters to the Indian expatriate community. Universities Metropolitan high schools are operated by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Board of Education . Private High Schools: International schools: Public elementary and junior high schools are operated by

406-401: The 23 special wards had fallen under 8 million as the postwar economic boom moved people out to suburbs, and then rose as Japan's lengthy stagnation took its toll and property values drastically changed, making residential inner areas up to 10 times less costly than during peak values. Its population was 8,949,447 as of October 1, 2010, about two-thirds of the population of Tokyo and a quarter of

435-463: The administrative wards of cities (that unlike Tokyo City retained their elected mayors and assemblies) but still less than other municipalities in Tokyo or the rest of the country, making them less independent than cities, towns or villages, but more independent than city subdivisions. Today, each special ward has its own elected mayor ( 区長 , kuchō ) and assembly ( 区議会 , kugikai ) . In 2000,

464-515: The current city area. On March 15, 1943, as part of wartime totalitarian tightening of controls, Tokyo's local autonomy (elected council and mayor) under the Imperial municipal code was eliminated by the Tōjō cabinet and the Tokyo city government and ( Home ministry appointed) prefectural government merged into a single (appointed) prefectural government; the wards were placed under the direct control of

493-533: The land that was Tokyo City in its 1936 borders before it was abolished under the Tōjō Cabinet in 1943 to become directly ruled by the prefectural government , then renamed to "Metropolitan". During the Occupation of Japan , municipal autonomy was restored to former Tokyo City by the establishment of special wards, each with directly elected mayor and assembly, as in any other city, town or village in Tokyo and

522-532: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hirai&oldid=1187525556 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Japanese-language surnames Hidden categories: Articles containing Japanese-language text Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Edogawa, Tokyo Edogawa ( 江戸川区 , Edogawa-ku )

551-514: The metropolitan government. For example, plastics were generally handled as non-burnable waste until the metropolitan government announced a plan to halt burying of plastic waste by 2010; as a result, about half of the special wards now treat plastics as burnable waste, while the other half mandate recycling of either all or some plastics. Unlike other municipalities (including the municipalities of western Tokyo ), special wards were initially not considered to be local public entities for purposes of

580-508: The population of the Greater Tokyo Area . As of December 2012, the population passed 9 million; the 23 wards have a population density of 14,485 people/km (37,520 people/sq mi). The Mori Memorial Foundation put forth a proposal in 1999 to consolidate the 23 wards into six larger cities for efficiency purposes, and an agreement was reached between the metropolitan and special ward governments in 2006 to consider realignment of

609-499: The prefecture. The 35 wards of the former city were integrated into 22 on March 15, 1947, just before the legal definition of special wards was given by the Local Autonomy Law , enforced on May 3 the same year. The 23rd ward, Nerima, was formed on August 1, 1947, when Itabashi was split again. The postwar reorganization under the US-led occupation authorities democratized the prefectural administrations but did not include

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638-485: The reinstitution of Tokyo City. Seiichirō Yasui , a former Home Ministry bureaucrat and appointed governor, won the first Tokyo gubernatorial election against Daikichirō Tagawa, a former Christian Socialist member of the Imperial Diet, former vice mayor of Tokyo city and advocate of Tokyo city's local autonomy. Since the 1970s, the special wards of Tokyo have exercised a considerably higher degree of autonomy than

667-408: The rest of the country. In Japanese, they are collectively also known as "Wards area of Tokyo Metropolis" ( 東京都区部 , Tōkyō-to kubu ) , "former Tokyo City" ( 旧東京市 , kyū-Tōkyō-shi ) , or less formally the 23 wards ( 23区 , nijūsan-ku ) or just Tokyo ( 東京 , Tōkyō ) if the context makes obvious that this does not refer to the whole prefecture. Today, all wards refer to themselves as

696-465: The same way as Tokyo City, making the boroughs top-level divisions of England or New York state. Although special wards are autonomous from the Tokyo metropolitan government, they also function as a single urban entity in respect to certain public services, including water supply, sewage disposal, and fire services. These services are handled by the Tokyo metropolitan government, whereas cities would normally provide these services themselves. This situation

725-804: The special wards was reaffirmed by the Supreme Court in the 1963 decision Japan v. Kobayashi et al. (also known as Tokyo Ward Autonomy Case). In 1998, the National Diet passed a revision of the Local Autonomy Law (effective in the year 2000) that implemented the conclusions of the Final Report on the Tokyo Ward System Reform increasing their fiscal autonomy and established the wards as basic local public entities. The word "special" distinguishes them from

754-505: The wards ( 区 , ku ) of other major Japanese cities. Before 1943, the wards of Tokyo City were no different from the wards of Osaka or Kyoto . These original wards numbered 15 in 1889. Large areas from five surrounding districts were merged into the city in 1932 and organized in 20 new wards, bringing the total to 35; the expanded city was also referred to as "Greater Tokyo" ( 大東京 , Dai-Tōkyō ) . By this merger, together with smaller ones in 1920 and 1936, Tokyo City came to expand to

783-464: The wards, but there has been minimal further movement to change the current special ward system. Special wards do not currently exist outside Tokyo; however, several Osaka area politicians, led by Governor Tōru Hashimoto , are backing an Osaka Metropolis plan under which the city of Osaka would be replaced by special wards, consolidating many government functions at the prefectural level and devolving other functions to more localized governments. Under

812-609: The west). It meets the city of Matsudo in Chiba at a point. Edogawa has a sister-city relationship with Gosford, New South Wales , Australia. Domestically, it has friendship ties with the cities of Azumino in Nagano Prefecture and Tsuruoka in Yamagata Prefecture . As of January 1, 2020, the ward has an estimated population of 695,797, and a population density of 13,925 persons per km . The total area

841-535: Was stalled, and in 1956 special cities were replaced in the Local Autonomy Law with designated major cities which gain additional autonomy, but remain part of prefectures. In everyday English, Tokyo as a whole is also referred to as a city even though it contains 62 cities, towns, villages and special wards. The closest English equivalents for the special wards would be the London boroughs or New York City boroughs if Greater London and New York City had been abolished in

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