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44-551: The English Literature Admissions Test (ELAT) was a subject-specific admissions test , used as part of the admissions process for undergraduate courses in English language and literature, combined English and modern languages and classics and English at the University of Oxford . As of 2016, ELAT had also been used by the University of Cambridge for admission to its undergraduate English course. The History Aptitude Test (HAT)

88-665: A business process outsourcing facility in the Philippines. Since 2006, TCS has signed large contracts with American biopharmaceutical majors including Pfizer and Eli Lilly for providing clinical research - data management , biostatistics , and medical writing services. TCS also provides services to European biopharmaceutical corporations such as Roche and Novartis in the areas of clinical data management, biostatistics , clinical programming, pharmacovigilance , and RWE support towards global drug development efforts. TCS established India's first software research centre,

132-678: A lot of extra study. It is not a test of wide reading and there are no assumptions about the texts that candidates should have read. Candidates can practise for the test using specimen questions and past papers, which can be downloaded for free from the Cambridge Assessment Admissions Testing website . Tata Consultancy Services Tata Consultancy Services ( TCS ) is an Indian multinational technology company specializing in information technology services and consulting . Headquartered in Mumbai , it

176-406: A network of innovation labs, start-up alliances, university research departments, and venture capitalists. In addition, TCS has 19 innovation labs based in three countries. TCS' partners include Collabnet and Cassatt , and academic institutions such as IITs , Stanford , MIT , and Carnegie Mellon , and venture capitalists like Sequoia and Kleiner Perkins . Tata Consultancy Services (TCS)

220-849: A number of issues; the ELAT suffered technical issues on loading and saving, with further "clear errors in the test's rubric". On October 20th, the Faculty of English announced that "ELAT scores [would] not be used in any formal shortlisting calculation." In April 2024, the Faculty of English at the University of Oxford announced that it had "taken the decision not to set an admissions test (the Oxford ELAT) for candidates applying in October 2024 to study English." Candidates applying to study English remain required to send samples of written work. ELAT

264-625: A partnership with Aurus, a payments technology company, to deliver payment solutions for retailers through TCS OmniStore, a pioneering unified store commerce platform. The same year, TCS China entered into a joint venture with the Chinese government. In March 2018, Tata Sons sold TCS shares worth $ 1.25 billion in a bulk transaction. In 2019, TCS received four Stevies at the American Business Awards. On 8 October 2020, TCS surpassed Accenture in market capitalization, becoming

308-409: Is a standardized test used as part of the admissions process to Oxford University for undergraduates applying to read history, or a subject including history, for example English with history. The one-hour test is currently only employed by Oxford University, though other universities are considering adopting a similar examination as part of admissions. The Modern and Medieval Languages Test (MML)

352-456: Is a 90-minute computer-based test, which seeks to measure those skills needed to succeed on English or English-related degree courses. It assesses candidates’ close reading skills and their ability to shape and articulate an informed response to unfamiliar literary material. It consists of six literary extracts, from poetry, prose or drama. Candidates write one essay comparing two of the passages. Applicants are expected to comment on elements such as

396-762: Is a part of the Tata Group and operates in 150 locations across 46 countries. It is the second-largest Indian company by market capitalization . As of 2024, TCS is ranked seventh on the Fortune India 500 list. In September 2021, TCS recorded a market capitalization of US$ 200 billion, making it the first Indian IT company to achieve this valuation. In 2012, it was the world's second-largest user of U.S. H-1B visas . In 2024, parent company Tata Sons owned 71.74% of TCS, and close to 80% of Tata Sons' dividend income came from TCS. Tata Consultancy Services Limited, originally known as Tata Computer Systems,

440-572: Is a university admissions test used in the United Kingdom . It is currently used by the University of Cambridge . The Sixth Term Examination Papers in Mathematics , often referred to as STEP, is currently a university admissions test for undergraduate courses with significant mathematical content - most notably for Mathematics at the University of Cambridge . Starting from 2024, STEP will be administered by OCR , replacing CAAT , who

484-548: Is one of the largest private-sector employers in India, and ranks as the fourth-largest employer among listed Indian companies , following Indian Railways , Indian Army , and India Post . As of 8 July 2022, TCS had over 600,000 employees. As of 31 March 2013, the number of non- Indian nationals employed by TCS was 21,282, representing 7.7% of the workforce. For the fiscal year 2012–13, TCS's employee costs amounted to US$ 4.38 billion, which constituted approximately 38% of

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528-460: Is set with the aim of being approachable by all students, including those without further mathematics A Level. The MAT is held pre-interview stage at the beginning of November. Test results are not published automatically, but for the University of Oxford, candidates may request their test score as part of the usual University of Oxford feedback process. The Physics Aptitude Test (PAT) is a 2-hour subject-specific admissions test for applicants to

572-419: Is valued at approximately $ 3 billion. He noted that 95% of the deals won by TCS between October 2020 and October 2021 were for its cloud and SaaS platforms. In 2021, TCS underwent a millennial rebranding, and the company updated its tagline from "Experience Certainty" to "Building on Belief". In 2021, Tata Consultancy Services was also one of the largest job providers in India, hiring 43,000 new employees in

616-535: The Tata Research Development and Design Centre , in Pune , in 1981. TRDDC undertakes research in software engineering , process engineering , bioinformatics , and systems research. Researchers at TRDDC also developed MasterCraft (now a suite of digitization and optimization tools), a Model-driven Development software that can automatically create codes based on a model of a software, and rewrite

660-575: The US District Court, Northern District of California in Oakland , California, granted final approval for the settlement of the lawsuit. In a lawsuit filed in October 2014 in the US District Court in Madison, Epic Systems accused TCS and Tata America International Corp of "brazenly stealing the trade secrets, confidential information, documents, and data" belonging to Epic. This lawsuit

704-642: The University of Cambridge , Imperial College London , and the University of Warwick . Since the 2025 entry application cycle, the STEP exams have been superseded by the TMUA exam at Imperial College London and the University of Warwick . The Mathematics Admissions Test (MAT) is a 2-hour 30-minute subject-specific admissions test for applicants to the University of Oxford , the University of Warwick and Imperial College London for undergraduate degree courses in mathematics, computer science and their joint degrees. It

748-462: The University of Oxford for undergraduate degree courses in engineering , materials science and physics undergraduate degree courses. The PAT is held pre-interview stage at the beginning of November. Test results are not published automatically, but candidates may request their test score as part of the usual University of Oxford feedback process. English Literature Admissions Test The English Literature Admissions Test ( ELAT )

792-447: The Y2K bug and the introduction of the unified European currency ( Euro ), Tata Consultancy Services developed a factory model for Y2K conversion. The company also created software tools to automate the conversion process and facilitate implementation by third-party developers and clients. In late 1999, TCS introduced Decision Support System (DSS) solutions to the domestic market. In 1999,

836-427: The small and medium enterprises market with cloud -based solutions. On the final trading day of 2011, it surpassed RIL to achieve the highest market capitalization of any India-based company. In the 2011–12 fiscal year, TCS achieved annual revenues exceeding US$ 10 billion for the first time. In May 2013, TCS was awarded a six-year contract valued at over ₹ 11 billion (US$ 130 million) to provide services to

880-629: The Cambridge Assessment Admissions Testing Results Online website upto and including October 2022. Administration of the test in 2023 was conducted by Tata Consultancy Services . ELAT was developed by Cambridge Assessment Admissions Testing in partnership with the University of Oxford . The test was developed to help admissions tutors differentiate within a large pool of extremely well-qualified applicants and provide information about applicants’ skills in close reading of literary texts. The test

924-678: The Canadian Depository System and automated the Johannesburg Stock Exchange . TCS also partnered with the Swiss firm TKS Teknosoft, which it later acquired. In 1980, TCS established India's first dedicated software research and development center, the Tata Research Development and Design Centre (TRDDC), located in Pune . The following year, it created India's first client-dedicated offshore development centre , established for Tandem . Anticipating

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968-593: The Indian Department of Posts . In 2013, the company moved from 13th to 10th place in the League of top 10 global IT services companies . In July 2014, it became the first Indian company to exceed ₹ 5 trillion (equivalent to ₹ 8.0 trillion or US$ 96 billion in 2023) in market capitalization. In January 2015, TCS became India's most profitable company, ending Reliance Industries Limited 's 23-year streak. In January 2017, TCS announced

1012-585: The United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and Singapore. The TCS BPS (Business Process Services) division had revenues of US$ 1.44 billion in FY 2012–13, which was 12.5% of the total revenue of TCS. TCS BPS has more than 45,000 employees who serve over 225 million customers across 11 countries. The rate of attrition in the BPS division during the financial year 2012–13 was 19.5%. The firm has also opened

1056-514: The United States, following Infosys , Cognizant , Wipro , and Satyam . In 2012, TCS and other Tata Group companies were the second-largest recipients of H-1B visas. Subramaniam Ramadorai, the former CEO of TCS, authored an autobiographical book titled The TCS Story...and Beyond about his experiences with the company. TCS is the title sponsor for Toronto Waterfront Marathon , London Marathon , Amsterdam Marathon , Mumbai Marathon , Lidingöloppet , and New York City Marathon and one of

1100-401: The candidate has applied. Statements of Results are typically issued to candidates and test centres in mid-January when they can be accessed online by candidates and test centres. The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge use ELAT as part of their admissions processes, but it is only one of the elements used to decide whether to invite applicants for interview. ELAT is designed to not require

1144-511: The codes based on the users' needs. The research at TRDDC has also resulted in the development of Sujal, a low-cost water purifier, that can be manufactured using locally available resources. TCS deployed thousands of these filters in the Indian Ocean tsunami disaster of 2004 as part of its relief activities. This product has been marketed in India as Tata Swach , a low-cost water purifier. In 2007, TCS launched its co-innovation network,

1188-468: The company also registered its first tagline, "Beyond the Obvious." In 2001, TCS entered the bioinformatics segment, and three years later, launched India's first bioinformatics product. In 2003, TCS became the first Indian IT company to record $ 1 billion in revenue. On 25 August 2004, TCS became a publicly listed company after its initial public offering . In July 2005, Tata Infotech, which

1232-432: The company's total revenue for that period. During the same fiscal year, TCS recruited 69,728 new staff members, with 59,276 based in India and 10,452 located elsewhere. The employee attrition rate for that period was 10.6%, and the average age of a TCS employee is 28 years. The employee utilization rate, excluding trainees, for the fiscal year 2012–13 was 82%. In 2008, TCS was the fifth-largest recipient of H-1B visas in

1276-410: The first half of the fiscal year 2021–22. As of September 2023, TCS had a total of 51 subsidiary companies in 55 countries. As of 2024, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) operates from over 50 countries and more than 500 offices globally. In India, TCS has multiple delivery centers in major cities, including Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai, and Hyderabad. It has significant operations in key markets such as

1320-614: The language, imagery, allusion, syntax, form and structure. Marks are not awarded for references to other texts or authors, or for applying theoretical frameworks. Candidates are asked to carry out the following task: Select two of the passages (a) to (f) and compare and contrast them in any ways that seem interesting to you, paying particular attention to distinctive features of structure, language and style. In your introduction, indicate briefly what you intend to explore or illustrate through close reading of your chosen passages. Formerly, candidates were allowed to compare two or three of

1364-405: The marks, and the overall score will be the two nearest marks combined. The University of Oxford uses candidates' marks by breaking them down into four bands: The University of Cambridge do not use these bands. For both Oxford and Cambridge, a full breakdown of marks for each candidate is provided to admissions tutors. ELAT is normally sat at an applicant’s school or college. Alternatively,

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1408-415: The passages, but from 2018 onwards candidates may only select two passages. There will be some sort of link between the six passages, which will be explained in the introduction. Each script is marked by two external examiners. Each examiner gives a mark out of 30 and these are combined to give an overall mark out of 60. A third examiner will mark the script if there is a difference of five or more between

1452-590: The players’ fitness levels and for security purposes in the stadiums. TCS conducts an annual IT quiz for high school students called TCS IT Wiz . TCS also currently sponsors Jaguar Racing in Formula E and Nakajima Racing in Super Formula . On 14 February 2006, the US law firm Lieff Cabraser filed a nationwide class action lawsuit against TCS concerning payments to employees on deputation. This lawsuit

1496-615: The sponsors of City2Surf , Australian Running Festival, Berlin Marathon , Chicago Marathon , and Boston Marathon . In India, it is the title sponsor of World 10K held in Bangalore every year. TCS has been a sponsor of the Indian Premier League team Rajasthan Royals since 2009. It also provides the team with technology to help in the analysis of player performance, simulation, and use of RFID tags for tracking

1540-469: The test can be taken at Cambridge Assessment Admissions Testing’s authorised ‘open centres’ worldwide. The timing of the test is designed to fit in with the timescales for applications to the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. Candidates can be entered for the test from September to mid-October. ELAT takes place in later October/early November. Results are automatically sent to the college where

1584-414: The world's most valuable IT company with a market capitalization of over $ 144 billion. On 25 January 2021, TCS briefly reclaimed the title of the world's most valuable IT company from Accenture with a market cap of $ 170 billion. On the same day, TCS also became India's most valuable company, surpassing Reliance Industries . In May 2021, TCS, in collaboration with its consortium partner Neurotechnology ,

1628-485: Was a subject-specific admissions test , used as part of the admissions process for undergraduate courses in English language and literature, combined English and modern languages and classics and English at the University of Oxford . As of 2016, ELAT had also been used by the University of Cambridge for admission to its undergraduate English course. ELAT was held pre-interview stage, in late October/early November. Results were available to candidates and test centres via

1672-671: Was amended in January and December 2015. In April 2016, a US jury imposed a US$ 940 million fine on TCS and Tata America International Corp in the trade secret case, which was reduced to US$ 420 million in 2017. In 2020, an appeals court ruled that the US$ 280 million in punitive damages was "constitutionally excessive", but upheld the remaining portion of US$ 140 million in compensatory damages. The case concluded in November 2023, with TCS agreeing to pay US$ 125 million. In 2019, an employee filed

1716-586: Was established in 1968 by Tata Sons Limited . The company's initial contracts involved providing punched card services to its sister company TISCO (now Tata Steel ), developing an Inter-Branch Reconciliation System for the Central Bank of India , and offering bureau services to the Unit Trust of India . In 1975, TCS implemented an electronic depository and trading system named SECOM for Swiss company SIS SegaInterSettle. It also developed System X for

1760-478: Was filed on behalf of all non-US citizens employed by TCS in California from 14 February 2002 to 30 June 2005. The workers alleged that they were compelled to forfeit their federal and state tax refunds to their employer and that their Indian salaries were wrongfully deducted from their US pay. On 22 February 2013, TCS agreed to settle the class-action suit for $ 30 million. In July 2013, Judge Claudia Wilken of

1804-544: Was responsible for administering STEP in previous years. Being after the reply date for universities in the UK, STEP is typically taken as part of a conditional offer for an undergraduate place. There are also a small number of candidates who sit STEP as a challenge. The papers are designed to test ability to answer questions similar in style to undergraduate Mathematics. The official users of STEP in Mathematics at present are

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1848-671: Was selected by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) to provide biometric technology for the Aadhaar digital ID program. The Aadhaar program, which has a database of over 1.3 billion citizens, has been described by World Bank Chief Economist Paul Romer as the "most sophisticated ID program in the world." In October 2021, N. Ganapathy Subramaniam, the COO of TCS, announced that its platforms and products business, including its SaaS -based platforms,

1892-451: Was trialled by Oxford in 2006 and became part of their admissions process in 2007. In 2016, the test was adopted by the University of Cambridge for admission to its undergraduate English course. October 2023 saw the first instance of the test to be conducted via computer, delivered by Tata Consultancy Services, following Cambridge Assessment Admissions Testing 's decision to exit the testing market. The 2023 run of tests by Tata experienced

1936-483: Was until then a different IT subsidiary of Tata Sons , merged with TCS in a stock swap deal. Later that year, TCS changed its tagline from "Beyond the Obvious" to "Experience Certainty". In 2006, TCS developed an ERP system for the Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation . By 2008, its e-business operations were generating over US$ 500 million in annual revenue. In 2011, TCS entered

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