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34-457: At the beginning of the 16th century, King John of Denmark built a royal residence at Hvidøre, guarding the only landing place to the north of Copenhagen. King Christian II used it for his mistress and her mother after his marriage to Princess Elisabeth of Habsburg in 1515. The castle changed hands many times over the centuries, and was eventually acquired by Counsellor Frederik Bruun  [ da ] in 1871. He demolished it and charged

68-587: A balancing policy. By diplomatic means he tried to weaken the position of the Swedish regent Sten Sture , and he also sought new allies—he was the first Danish king to establish political cooperation with Russia. After the 1493 treaty, Ivan III of Russia imprisoned all Hanseatic merchants trading in Novgorod and instigated the Russo-Swedish War (1496–1499) . The Hanseatic cities were also troubled by

102-570: A legate with a letter to Julius II to explain that he had many conflicts at home, which would prevent him from implementing such endeavor. In June 1495, John set sail with a fleet for Kalmar , Sweden. Along with the Danish and Norwegian Councils, he expected to meet with the Swedish Council. His goal was the reunification of the Nordic region under his rule: a renewed Kalmar Union. Along

136-616: A secret war by Danish privateers. At that time the position of the Hansabund was slowly but steadily declining because of changes in trade routes and the growing opposition against the Hanseatic League in the Northern European naval states. John's domestic policies were marked by economic support of the Danish merchants and by the widespread use of commoners as officials or even as councillors, something which angered

170-679: A short and effective military campaign, defeating Sten Sture at the Battle of Rotebro after having undermined his position by winning over most of the Swedish nobility. Sten surrendered to King John in Stockholm and was reconciled with him. John was crowned King of Sweden, and Sten was given the highest position of authority in Sweden below the King. In 1500, John made an attempt at conquering Dithmarschen (in today's Schleswig-Holstein ), an area which

204-533: Is the place thou loved innocence, divine innocence filled the heart at the mention of thy name and he who loved thee mentions it with tears Anno 1780 Count Ernst Heinrich von Schimmelmann married Emilie Caroline Rantzau at Ahrensburg in 1775. The couple lived in the Schimmelmann Mansion on Bredgade in Copenhagen but spent their summers at Sølyst in the countryside to

238-789: The Elbe by Zollenspieker Ferry to the Hamburg-Lübeckian condominial Bergedorf and Vierlande . From there the Black Guard headed northwestwards again, through Holstein towards Ditmarsh. Together with his brother Frederick, John then carried out a large-scale campaign with the Black Guard, but the Ditmarsians under Wulf Isebrand 's command caught most of the Guard in a trap at the Battle of Hemmingstedt after having opened

272-540: The Danish nobility and the Hanseatic cities, especially Lübeck . In 1509, with the Netherlands acting as arbiter, Sweden agreed to a declaration which recognised John as king of Sweden in principle, but he was never allowed into Stockholm as long as he lived, nor crowned king of Sweden anew. Meanwhile, Norwegian attempts at opposition were strangled by John's son Prince Christian (afterward King Christian II ), who

306-772: The Norwegian Council of the Realm commit to electing Christian's eldest son as next king of Norway upon his death. A similar declaration was made in Sweden. In 1467, John was hailed as successor to the throne in Denmark. John used the title heir to the throne of Norway, in line with Norway's old status as a hereditary kingdom , but this was a claim the Norwegian Council did not immediately recognise. Consequently, upon King Christian's death in May 1481, John's position

340-549: The United Kingdom and Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna of Russia , acquired the building for DKK 280,000 to use it as a summer residence during their frequent visits to their native Denmark. They commissioned an aging Johan Schrøder to adapt and modernize the house with modern conveniences such as central heating while the British firm Waring & Gillow was put in charge of most of the interior decorations. A tunnel

374-406: The architect Johan Schrøder  [ da ] with the design of a country house to be built in its place, for use as a summer residence for his family. From then on, the name Hvidøre denoted the house rather than the locality. Hvidøre was built from 1871. Counsellor Bruun died in 1887, but his widow kept Hvidøre until 1906. In February 1906, King Christian IX 's daughters, Queen Alexandra of

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408-466: The building, designed by the architectural firm Dissing + Weitling , was constructed 1978-1980. Hvidøre continued to serve as a diabetes hospital until 1991 and is now an internal conference center for the Novo Group. Hvidøre is built to a Historicist design which combines Italian and Victorian Renaissance features. Five Neo-Grecian caryatids form part of the upper balcony. They were created by

442-403: The company, commissioned Arne Jacobsen to build him a private home close by and considered tearing down the old house, but in the end Jacobsen was asked to adapt it into a diabetes sanatorium which opened on 28 January 1938. People with diabetes could get treatment and learn to live with their disease and have an active life. The hospital accommodated 25 patients. An underground extension of

476-532: The daughter of Frederik Christian Bruun who had married Count Ulrik Scheel , acquired her childhood home, reputedly to prevent the felling of an old tree in the gardens. She only lived in the house for two years before moving to the mansion at 5 Kristianiagade now the Embassy of Russia in Copenhagen . In 1937 the Hvidøre estate was acquired by Novo Industry . Thorvald Pedersen, the founder and managing director of

510-545: The dykes of the low-land area and flooded the narrow main road. Thus John's attempt to subject the Ditmarsian free peasants to feudalism ended for time being. The defeat in the Battle of Hemmingstedt on 17 February 1500 hurt John's prestige and in 1501, Sweden renounced him as king. John fought an increasingly more bitter war against Sten Sture and his successor Svante Nilsson , and this conflict meant frictions with both

544-705: The kings of Denmark had long viewed as belonging to their realm, but which was in reality an independent peasant republic under the loose overlordship of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen . By mid-January 1500 John hired the Black Guard of ruthless and violent Dutch and East Frisian mercenaries , commanded by Thomas Slentz , prior operating for Magnus , vicegerent in the Land of Hadeln . John guaranteed for its safe conduct first southeastwards via Lunenburg-Cellean Winsen upon Luhe and Hoopte, crossing

578-587: The late king's sons as co-dukes. Although it was initially agreed they should govern the duchies jointly, at the majority of Frederick (in 1490) the duchies were nevertheless divided. In the meantime, John had initially approved to join a crusade plan as presented in Rome on 25 March 1490, in which Nordic soldiers would be part of a coalition of armies fighting the Turks of the Ottoman Empire ; however, he sent

612-537: The latter can be identified as Jacobus de Dacia (1484–1566), a Franciscan friar who served as a missionary in Mexico. During the last decade of his life, John had a relationship with Edele Jernskjæg (died 1512). Emiliekilde Emiliekilde is a memorial located at the corner of Strandvejen and Emiliekildevej in Klampenborg , Gentofte Municipality , in the northern suburbs of Copenhagen , Denmark . It

646-597: The meeting, but the Norwegian and Danish councils proceeded to produce a joint declaration containing the terms for John's rule, and electing him king. It was hoped that Sweden would later accept the same document and thereby acknowledge John as king. Subsequently, John was crowned King of Denmark in Copenhagen on 18 May, and King of Norway in Trondheim on 20 July. During the first years of his rule John carried out

680-625: The nobility. The most important of his initiatives was perhaps establishing a permanent Danish navy, one which came to play a role during his later years. According to the Privilege of Ribe the Noble Diets of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein were to elect a duke among the sons of the previous duke. Many nobles in Schleswig and Holstein preferred John's much younger brother Frederick , but John successfully argued for electing both

714-418: The north of the city. On 6 February 1780, just 20 years old, Emilie died from tuberculosis. Shortly thereafter Schimmelmann commissioned a memorial from Nicolai Abildgaard to commemorate his departed wife. He married Caroline Schimmelmann in 1782. The memorial to his first wife was installed close to Sølyst that same year. The poem on the monument was written by Christen Henriksen Pram . The monument became

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748-445: The peace. In his own age, and partly to posterity, John has often appeared a "commoner's king", a jolly and plain man with a folksy manner. Behind the surface, however, he seems to have been a hard realist and a zealous political calculator. In many ways he is a Scandinavian parallel of Louis XI of France and Henry VII of England . In 1513, King John died at Aalborghus Castle a short time after being thrown from his horse. King John

782-614: The restoration of the Kalmar Union, reduction of the dominance of the Hanseatic League , and the building of a strong Danish royal power. John was born on 2 February 1455, probably at Aalborg in Northern Jutland . He was the third but eldest surviving son of Christian I of Denmark and Dorothea of Brandenburg , daughter of Margrave John of Brandenburg . In 1458, King Christian I, the father of John, had

816-672: The sculptor Otto Evens . On the coast below the house there is a beach park designed by the landscape architect Carl Theodor Sørensen while the architect Povl Baumann designed the wall and pergola. Also located close by is the Emiliekilde monument. Today the Hvidøre property serves as an internal conference and training centre for the Novo Group. 55°46′17.7″N 12°35′39.9″E  /  55.771583°N 12.594417°E  / 55.771583; 12.594417 John, King of Denmark John, also known as Hans ( né   Johannes ; 2 February 1455 – 20 February 1513),

850-669: The three sections is intricately carved and gilded . It survived the iconoclastic fervour of the Protestant Reformation perhaps because of its connection with the royal burials. The son of King John and Queen Christina, King Christian II, with his wife Isabella of Austria, was also interred in the royal family chapel. In 1807, the former Franciscan church was demolished, and Berg's altarpiece and six royal bodies were transferred to St. Canute's Cathedral , also in Odense. The 32-year-old heir, Christian II of Denmark assumed

884-940: The throne but was deposed in 1523. John's bloodline eventually returned to the Danish and Norwegian thrones in the person of Christian IV of Denmark , the great-great-grandson of his daughter, Electress Elisabeth. John's full title as King of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway was: King of Denmark, Sweden, Norway, the Wends and the Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn and Dithmarschen, Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst< ref> Kong Hans (Diplomatarium Norvegicum) </ref> In 1478, John married Christina of Saxony , daughter of Elector Ernst of Saxony and Elisabeth of Bavaria . The Danish geneological tradition mentions five children of John and Christina: The Oldenburgisch Chronicon from 1599 cites sources mentioning additional sons named Johan and Jacob. Jørgen Nybo Rasmussen has argued that

918-569: The urn is a white marble plaque with the name EMILIA'S KILDE ("Emily's Spring") in capital lettering. Further down on the monument is another white marble plaque with a short poem in carved lettering that has almost disappeared. It reads: In Danish Emilie. Her vankede du eengang agh for længst ey meer helligt er det sted dy yndede uskyldighed himlens uskyldighed opfyldte hiertet ved dit navn og hvo som elsket nævne det med taarer Anno 1780 In English Emilie. Thou once waited here alas 'tis far too long ago holy

952-538: The way from Copenhagen to Kalmar, John's flagship , Gribshunden , suffered an explosion and sank at anchor near the town of Ronneby. John was not aboard at the time; he survived and continued on to Kalmar. However, Sten Sture repeatedly delayed his own arrival, and Hans finally abandoned the summit in August to return exhausted to Copenhagen. Direct diplomacy had failed, so John turned to other means to achieve his ambition. On 6 October 1497, John conquered Sweden during

986-493: Was a Scandinavian monarch who ruled under the Kalmar Union . He was King of Denmark from 1481 to 1513, King of Norway from 1483 to 1513, and King of Sweden (where he has also been called Johan II ) from 1497 to 1501. Additionally, from 1482 to 1513, he held the titles of Duke of Schleswig and Holstein , which he governed jointly with his brother, Frederick . The three most important political goals of King John were

1020-773: Was also dug to provide direct access to the beach, which belonged to Hvidøre but was separated from it by the coastal road. In the years that followed, the sisters generally stayed at Hvidøre from September until November, but this came to an end with the outbreak of World War I in 1914. After the overthrow of the monarchy in Russia in the 1917 Revolution , Maria Feodorovna, known as Princess Dagmar of Denmark before her marriage, fled Russia and took up residency at Hvidøre until her death in 1928, together with her daughter and son-in-law, Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna and Nikolai Kulikovsky , and their two children. In 1930 Olga and her sister Xenia sold Hvidøre. In 1932, Musse Scheel ,

1054-541: Was buried in the church of the Franciscan friary in Odense . Queen Christina, who lived the latter part of her life in a nunnery in Odense, commissioned the famous German sculptor Claus Berg to create a magnificent burial chapel, where both she and her husband were laid to rest after her death in 1521. The late Gothic altarpiece carved by Berg between 1515 and 1525 is one of Denmark's national treasures. Each of

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1088-412: Was installed by Ernst Heinrich von Schimmelmann to commemorate his first wife, Emilie Caroline, who had recently died of tuberculosis. The monument is 5.7 metres tall and built in reddish granite. A short flight of stairs leads up the monument, which is backed by a low wall. The wider base has an arched opening with a spring flowing from a small pipe. The monument is topped by a sandstone urn. Just below

1122-467: Was the viceroy of Norway from 1506 until he became king in 1513. Between 1510 and 1512, the king fought a last war with both Sweden and Lübeck in which Denmark was at first very pressed but, with the help of the Scottish Barton brothers , partly turned the tables with a naval offensive. The result concerning Sweden was the status quo, but Lübeck suffered a real political and economic setback by

1156-655: Was unchallenged in Denmark, whereas in Norway the Council of the Realm assumed royal authority, and an interregnum ensued. No serious rival candidates to the Norwegian throne existed, but the council was determined to demonstrate Norway's status as a sovereign kingdom. A meeting between the Councils of Denmark, Sweden and Norway was appointed for 13 January 1483 at Halmstad , to work out the terms for electing John as king—his håndfæstning . The Swedish Council failed to turn up at

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