IBM Enterprise Systems Architecture is an instruction set architecture introduced by IBM as ESA/370 in 1988. It is based on the IBM System/370-XA architecture.
6-462: It extended the dual-address-space mechanism introduced in later IBM System/370 models by adding a new mode in which general-purpose registers 1-15 are each associated with an access register referring to an address space, with instruction operands whose address is computed with a given general-purpose register as a base register will be in the address space referred to by the corresponding address register. The later ESA/390, introduced in 1990, added
12-703: A Parallel Sysplex was added to the architecture in 1994. ESA/390 also extends the Sense ID command to provide additional information about a device, and additional device-dependent channel commands, the command codes for which are provided in the Sense ID information, to allow device description information to be fetched from a device. Starting with the System/390 G5 , IBM introduced: Some PC-based IBM-compatible mainframes which provide ESA/390 processors in smaller machines have been released over time, but are only intended for software development. ESA/390 adds
18-401: A facility to allow device descriptions to be read using channel commands and, in later models, added instructions to perform IEEE 754 floating-point operations and increased the number of floating-point registers from 4 to 16. Enterprise Systems Architecture is essentially a 32-bit architecture; as with System/360, System/370, and 370-XA, the general-purpose registers are 32 bits long, and
24-489: The 24-bit -address/32-bit-data ( System/360 and System/370 ) and subsequent 24/31-bit-address/32-bit-data architecture ( System/370-XA ). However, the I/O subsystem is based on System/370 Extended Architecture (S/370-XA), not on the original S/370 I/O instructions. On February 15, 1988, IBM announced Enterprise Systems Architecture/370 (ESA/370) for 3090 enhanced ("E") models and for 4381 model groups 91E and 92E. In addition to
30-469: The arithmetic instructions support 32-bit arithmetic. Only byte-addressable real memory (Central Storage) and Virtual Storage addressing is limited to 31 bits, as is the case with 370-XA. (IBM reserved the most significant bit to easily support applications expecting 24-bit addressing, as well as to sidestep a problem with extending two instructions to handle 32-bit unsigned addresses.) It maintains problem state backward compatibility dating back to 1964 with
36-680: The primary-space and secondary-space addressing modes that later System/370 models, and System/370 Extended Architecture (S/370-XA) models, support, ESA has an access register mode in which each use of general register 1-15 as a base register uses an associated access register to select an address space. In addition to the normal address spaces that machines with the dual-address-space facility support, ESA also allows data spaces, which contain no executable code. A machine may be divided into Logical Partitions ( LPARs ), each with its own virtual system memory so that multiple operating systems may run concurrently on one machine. An important capability to form
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